US3816802A - Lightning arrester - Google Patents
Lightning arrester Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3816802A US3816802A US00318098A US31809872A US3816802A US 3816802 A US3816802 A US 3816802A US 00318098 A US00318098 A US 00318098A US 31809872 A US31809872 A US 31809872A US 3816802 A US3816802 A US 3816802A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- signal
- electrodes
- transformer
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H9/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using spark-gap arresters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
- Y10S315/05—Starting and operating circuit for fluorescent lamp
Definitions
- a step-up transformer is combined with a multipleelectrode gas-filled discharge tube to provide a pulse of sufficient magnitude to fire the tube and thereby protect a signal line and the equipment to which it is connected against voltage surges which may be harmful but which are otherwise too low to ignite the tube.
- a high magnitude pulse such as that induced in a telephone line by a nearby lightning stroke will; if of a magnitude that equals or exceeds the ignition or firing threshold of a gas tube, cause the tube to conduct thereby providing apath to ground for both lines thus preventing this high surge from reaching the equipment being fed by the signal lines, such as a telephone receiver and transmitter.
- Both lines are grounded because all of the electrodes are contained in a single cavity and once the gas ignites in the cavity it brings all of the electrodes to the same low potential level.
- a major drawback of the multipleelectrode gas-filled discharge tube is its relatively high igniting potential which is ordinarily in the range of at least 200 volts and more often is in the range of 300 to 500 volts.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the invention.
- a pair of signal lines 10 and 11 feed a utilization device 12.
- a five-electrode gasfilled discharge tube 13, is also connected across signal lines 10 and 11.
- One electrode 14 is connected directly to signal line 10; another electrode 15 is connected to line 11; and a third electrode 16 which may be the outer casing is connected to electrical ground.
- the tube 13 also contains a fourth electrode 17 which is associated with electrode 14 and a fifth electrode which is associated with electrode 15.
- the primary winding of a transformer 19 is connected to electrode 14 and the secondary winding is connected to electrode 17.
- the primary winding of another transformer 20 is connected to electrode 15 and its secondary is connected to electrode 18.
- Each transformer has a step-up turns ratio and is polarized to produce the maximum potential difference between its associated electrodes when a signal appears at the respective electrodes 14 and 15 which are directly connected respectively to lines 10 and 11.
- the signal Under normal operating conditions, when the electrical signal on signal lines 10 or 11 is the usual or normal signal level, the signal is applied to and utilized by utilization device 12. When the voltage surge which substantially exceeds the normal signal magnitude appears on signal line 10, it is applied to electrode 14. Without transformer 19 in the electrical circuit, the surge would have to be a magnitude at least equal to the firing potential of the gas tube 13', otherwise, the surge will be transmitted down signal line 10 to the utilization device 12. As stated earlier, in the ordinary case the firing potential of gas tube 13 is at least 300 to 500 volts. In the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1, the surge appearing on signal line 10 is also applied to electrode 17 through the step-up transformer 19.
- the gas tube will fire to bring the signal line 10 down virtually to the ground signal level of electrode 16, except for the potential drop across the tube.
- the turns ratio of transformer 19 is selected such that the signal on line 10 can exceed the normal signal by a predetermined amount, for example, up to a level that will not harm the utilization device 12, and not fire the gas tube 13 but when the signal exceeds or nears a level which may be harmful, then the potential difference across electrodes 14 and 17 will be sufficient to ignite the gas tube 13.
- the turns ratio should be in the order of about to I so that a 6-volt signal appearing at electrode 14 from line 10 will produce about 480 volts across electrodes 14 and 17 thereby igniting the gas tube 13.
- a signal level ranging between 5 and 6 volts, which is assumed to be an acceptable level, will not be arrested because it will not cause the gas tube to fire. In the event of a large enough surge on line 11, it will cause the gas tube 13 to fire inthe same manner through the operation of transformer 20 connected between electrodes 15 and 18.
- a five electrode gas-filled discharge tube in combination with a pair of step-up transformers as illustrated in FIG. 1 when a line surge occurs will ground both lines virtually simultaneously because either line igniting the gas tube 13 will provide a low impedance path for both lines through electrode 16.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a single line signal line or a double line where one line is grounded.
- Signal line 30 feeds utilization device 32.
- Electrode 33 in gas-filled discharge tube 34 is connected to signal line 30 and through transformer 35 to electrode 36.
- Electrode 37 is connected to electrical ground.
- the step-up transformer 35 is similar to transformers l9 and in FIG. 1 and the circuit of FIG. 2 operates similar to that of either half of the circuit of FIG. 1.
- the turns ratio for transformer 35 are selected in the same manner as those chosen for the transformers in FIG. 1. In this fashion a signal of sufficient magnitude appearing on signal line will cause the gas tube 34 to fire thereby bringing signal line 30 through electrodes 33 and 37 down to electrical ground thereby arresting the pulse and preventing it from reaching the utilization device. A signal of acceptable magnitude will 'not cause the tube to fire but will be allowed to travel down the line.
- a lightning protector for a pair of electrical sig nal lines coupled to a utilization device, in combination: a gas-filled discharge tube having five electrodes, one of said electrodes adapted for electrical connection to one of said signal lines, another of said electrodes adapted for electrical connection to the other of said signal lines, and a third electrode being electrically grounded; a first step-up transformer connected between said one electrode and a fourth electrode; and another step-up transformer connected between said another electrode and a fifth electrode.
- the gas discharge tube has an ignition potential value substantially greater than the amplitude of the normal signals on said signal lines; and the turns ratio of said transformers are such that the potential appearing between said one and said fourth electrode and between said another and said fifth electrode through the respective transformers is less than the ignition potential when the normal signal appears on the signal lines but is at least equal to the ignition potential when the amplitude of a signal on ei- 4 ther signal line is greater than that of the normal signa to a degree sufficient to be damaging to the utilization device.
- a lightning protector for an electrical signal line coupled to a utilization device: a gas-filled discharge tube having at least three electrodes, one of said electrodes adapted for electrical connection to the signal line; another of said electrodes electrically grounded; and a transformer having a step-up turns 'ratio connected between said one electrode and the third ungrounded electrode withthe transformerprimary and secondary connected in series aiding relationship.
- the gas discharge tube has an ignition potential value substantially greater than the amplitude of the normal signal on said signal line; and the turns ratio of said transformer is such that the potential appearing between said one and said third electrode through the transformer is less than the ignition potential when the normal signal appears on the signal line but is at least equal to the ignition potential when the amplitude of a signal on the signal line is great enough to damage the utilization device.
- lightning protector for a pair of electrical signal lines coupled to a utilization device which includes a gas-filled three-electrode discharge tube with one electrode electrically grounded and each of the other two electrodes connected to respective ones of said signal lines, the improvement comprising: another electrode in the gas tube for each electrode connected to a signal line; a step-up transformer coupled between each of said another electrodes and its associated lineconnected electrode, the turns ratio of said transformers being selected such that the potential appearing between the transformer-coupled electrodes is less than the gas ignition potential when a normal signal level is on the lines but at least reaches the gas ignition potential when a line signal reaches a level sufficient to damage the utilization device.
Landscapes
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00318098A US3816802A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1972-12-26 | Lightning arrester |
DE19732350819 DE2350819A1 (de) | 1972-12-26 | 1973-10-10 | Ueberspannungsableiter |
IT30547/73A IT998947B (it) | 1972-12-26 | 1973-10-24 | Dispositivo scaricatore di sovra tensione particolarmente per linee elettriche |
FR7338631A FR2211782B1 (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) | 1972-12-26 | 1973-10-30 | |
JP48130825A JPS4996251A (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) | 1972-12-26 | 1973-11-22 | |
NL7316067A NL7316067A (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) | 1972-12-26 | 1973-11-23 | |
BE138289A BE807955A (fr) | 1972-12-26 | 1973-11-29 | Overspanningsafleider |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00318098A US3816802A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1972-12-26 | Lightning arrester |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3816802A true US3816802A (en) | 1974-06-11 |
Family
ID=23236646
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00318098A Expired - Lifetime US3816802A (en) | 1972-12-26 | 1972-12-26 | Lightning arrester |
Country Status (7)
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4074338A (en) * | 1976-11-19 | 1978-02-14 | Tii Corporation | Multi-element surge arrester |
US5157572A (en) * | 1988-09-07 | 1992-10-20 | W. J. Furse & Co. Ltd. | Apparatus suitable for use in protecting electrical installations from transients |
WO2008024047A1 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-28 | Powerwave Technologies Sweden Ab | Active lightning protection |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE451520B (sv) * | 1985-05-13 | 1987-10-12 | Asea Ab | Skyddsanordning for ett seriekondensatorbatteri |
JPS6216929U (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) * | 1985-07-17 | 1987-01-31 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2967256A (en) * | 1959-01-09 | 1961-01-03 | Gen Rallway Signal Company | Protective device |
US3403293A (en) * | 1966-07-29 | 1968-09-24 | Philco Ford Corp | Starter circuit for three-electrode gaseous discharge device |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE404870C (de) * | 1924-02-12 | 1924-10-25 | Aeg | Anordnung von Luftleerspannungssicherungen mit Hilfselektroden |
FR1065530A (fr) * | 1952-07-09 | 1954-05-26 | Ind Soule Sa Des Ets | Dispositif de sensibilisation des éclateurs de protection des condensateurs-série |
-
1972
- 1972-12-26 US US00318098A patent/US3816802A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1973
- 1973-10-10 DE DE19732350819 patent/DE2350819A1/de active Pending
- 1973-10-24 IT IT30547/73A patent/IT998947B/it active
- 1973-10-30 FR FR7338631A patent/FR2211782B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-11-22 JP JP48130825A patent/JPS4996251A/ja active Pending
- 1973-11-23 NL NL7316067A patent/NL7316067A/xx unknown
- 1973-11-29 BE BE138289A patent/BE807955A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2967256A (en) * | 1959-01-09 | 1961-01-03 | Gen Rallway Signal Company | Protective device |
US3403293A (en) * | 1966-07-29 | 1968-09-24 | Philco Ford Corp | Starter circuit for three-electrode gaseous discharge device |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4074338A (en) * | 1976-11-19 | 1978-02-14 | Tii Corporation | Multi-element surge arrester |
US5157572A (en) * | 1988-09-07 | 1992-10-20 | W. J. Furse & Co. Ltd. | Apparatus suitable for use in protecting electrical installations from transients |
WO2008024047A1 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2008-02-28 | Powerwave Technologies Sweden Ab | Active lightning protection |
US20100290169A1 (en) * | 2006-08-25 | 2010-11-18 | Powerwave Technologies Sweden Ab | Active lightning protection |
US8599529B2 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2013-12-03 | P-Wave Holdings, Llc | Active lightning protection |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL7316067A (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) | 1974-06-28 |
IT998947B (it) | 1976-02-20 |
JPS4996251A (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) | 1974-09-12 |
FR2211782A1 (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) | 1974-07-19 |
FR2211782B1 (US06534493-20030318-C00288.png) | 1977-05-27 |
BE807955A (fr) | 1974-03-15 |
DE2350819A1 (de) | 1974-06-27 |
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