US3808804A - Marine propulsion - Google Patents

Marine propulsion Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3808804A
US3808804A US00329334A US32933473A US3808804A US 3808804 A US3808804 A US 3808804A US 00329334 A US00329334 A US 00329334A US 32933473 A US32933473 A US 32933473A US 3808804 A US3808804 A US 3808804A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
turbine
compressor
propulsion unit
compressed air
duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00329334A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Scott J Scott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce PLC
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce 1971 Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce 1971 Ltd filed Critical Rolls Royce 1971 Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3808804A publication Critical patent/US3808804A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60V—AIR-CUSHION VEHICLES
    • B60V1/00—Air-cushion
    • B60V1/14—Propulsion; Control thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H11/00—Marine propulsion by water jets

Definitions

  • a marine propulsion unit comprises a duct having in flow series, a divergent portion, an intermediate and mixing portion in which a centre body is located and a nozzle portion having a convergent-divergent nozzle, the centrebody having in flow series, combustion means and turbine means and being adapted to receive a supply of fuel and compressed air from sources located remotely of the centrebody, the turbine means being arranged to drive an impulse rotor located at the outlet of the nozzle portion and the exhaust from the turbine means being arranged to flow into the mixing portion of the duct.
  • the source of compressed air which is preferably located in the hull of the vessel can be a single or twin spool gas generator, a gas turbine engine having a tapping from a suitably sized compressor or a gas generator with a power turbine arranged to drive a compressor.
  • the invention relates to a type of propulsion system for use in high speed'ships, hovercraft, and hydrofoils.
  • the great majority of propulsion units currently used for marine craft use mechanical transmission to some form of screw or duct propulsorsystem.
  • Alternative forms of transmission can be employed but in general are restricted to fairly low shaft horsepowers.
  • For very large powers, typically of the order 100,000 hp. and above the problems of using conventional transmission systems become severe, particularly if the power has to be transmitted through some form of strut or fairing to an underwater thrust pod.
  • the use of compressed gas as the power transmission medium can appear attractive, particularly if its energy is used to the maximum advantage.
  • Some-of the ways of using this energy involve the production of two-phase flow within the propulsor, and according to the published literature they fall into two main classes.
  • the first is the basic hydroduct or underwater ramjet, which is not self-starting and which only shows a reasonable efficiency at high speeds, but also has an upper speed limit because of the high air injection-pressures which becomes necessary.
  • the other class of propulsor which is an improvement on the basic hydroduct, has some pump or other rotor incorporated in the duct for raising the internal pressure, this pump being driven either from an external power source or internally by means of two-phase turbines for example as shown in UK. Patent specification No. 1,238,995.
  • the object of this invention is to provide a device which overcomes or avoids at least some of the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the present invention provides a marine propulsion unit comprising a duct having in flow series, a divergent portion, an intermediate and mixing portion in which a centre body is located and a nozzle portion having a convergent-divergent nozzle, the centre body having in flow series combustion means and turbine means and being adapted to receive a supply of fuel and a supply of compressed air from a source located remotely of the centre body, the turbine means being arranged to drive an impulse rotor located at the outlet of the nozzle portion and the exhaust from the turbine means being arranged to flow into the mixing portion of the duct.
  • the source of compressed air may takeany suitable form, for example, the source can comprise a gas generator with apower turbine arranged to drive a compressor the outlet from which passes to the centre body or a relatively large gas generator with a facility for bleeding off a large proportion of the compressed air from the compressor section of the gas generator or a gas turbine engine having an extra stage or stages on the compressor and a turbine with a lowpressure drop so that the outlet pressure is substantially the same as that of the two sources already mentioned, the hot ex-- haust from the engine being passed to the centre body.
  • the source can comprise a gas generator with apower turbine arranged to drive a compressor the outlet from which passes to the centre body or a relatively large gas generator with a facility for bleeding off a large proportion of the compressed air from the compressor section of the gas generator or a gas turbine engine having an extra stage or stages on the compressor and a turbine with a lowpressure drop so that the outlet pressure is substantially the same as that of the two sources already mentioned, the hot ex-- haust from the engine being passed to the centre
  • the compressed air and fuel can pass, the source of compressed air being located in the hull of the vessel.
  • the propulsion unit or. a number of propulsion'unit s can power any type of marine vessel, e.g. the normal displacement type, or hovercraft o'r hydrofoil but is particularly adapted for propelling relatively large hovercraft at high speeds.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show various forms of known two-phase propulsion units, v Y
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic layout of one form of propulsion unit, according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 inclusive show diagrammatic layouts 0 various sources of compressed air for the unit shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement known as a mist jet and compresses a water scoop with injectors which are located in a duct, the duct being arranged to receive a supply of high pressure air, for example from a ducted fan driven by a gas turbine engine or some other convenient power source.
  • This propulsion unit requires a complex injector system to achieve uniform distribution of water droplets and the presence of the water injector in the high pres- .sure duct imposes a considerable pressure loss on the duct, requiring greater power to drive the fan than would be the case for a single duct. Also, the water scoop has to' extend into the water for a considerable depth to allow for variation in wave height and craft motion thereby imposing a considerable drag on the craft. Information on this type of unit can be found in the following references: A Review of Two-Phase Marine Propulsion R. Meunch and .I. Garret, NSRDC Annapolis A.I.A.A. Paper 72-589, A Wateraugmented Air Jet for the Propulsion of High speed Marine Vehicles R. Meunch and A.
  • This propulsion unit is not self-starting and due to difficulties of achieving a fine distribution of gas bubbles, the unit operates with a low thrust coefficient. If the volume of gas injected is increased, the practical limit is reached when bubbles are emitted from both ends of the unit and efficiency falls rapidly.
  • This type of unit can be improved by fitting a pump in the inlet section of the duct so that the unit is selfstarting and also the pressure at the mixing section is correspondingly higher.
  • the flow field is considered to have some disadvantages notably in the area of the turbine and associated nozzles where it may be deduced that separation of the nominally homogeneous two-phase flow into separate phases can readily occur. On separation, thegas phase will blow through without transmitting'its expansive energy to the liquid flow and the turbine power will be drastically reduced. Information on this type of unit can be found in A Review of Two-phase Marine Propulsion, R. Meunch and J. Garret NSRDC Annapolis, A.I.A.A. Paper 72-589 and UK. Patent No. 1,238,995.
  • Supplies of fuel and compressed air are fed to the combustion means through conduits 28 and 30 respectively in the strut 12 the source of compressed air and store of fuel being located remotely from the unit in the hull of the vessel.
  • the fuel and compressed air are mixed together and burnt and the supply of fuel is controlled in a known manner, eg as in a gas turbine engine.
  • the exhaust from the turbine means passes into a plenum chamber 32 and thence into two radially extending ducts 34 which are both provided with a plurality of exhaust slots 36 positioned at the downstream side of each duct 34.
  • a gas generator 38 is arranged to drive a power turbine 40 which is coupled to a compressor 42,
  • the power turbine 40 can be coupled to the shaft of the gas generator 38 or it can be a free power turbine.
  • the source is similar to that shown in FIG. 2, except that it is a twin spool gas generator with the spool axes spaced apart laterally, and not co-axial and axially spaced.
  • the spools carry compressors 54,56 and respective turbines, 58,60 an intercooler 55 is located between the compressors 54,56 and a gas generator 62 is provided to drive the turbines 58,60.
  • the arrangement of the propulsion unit 10 described represents an improvement over the prior art because the only diffusion processes involved are the external effect and a limited amount of internal diffusion in the inlet section. Many of the devices already described in technical literature involve further diffusion processes between pump and stator stages etc., which inevitably cause a larger total loss of energy by the liquid passing through the duct. Considering the fluid which has diffused slightly from the inlet condition and observing from the figure that at this point it is mixed with a suitable proportion of gas supplied bythe power turbine exhaust previously described, the mixture then expands in known manner, that is according to the laws of twophase flow, through an accelerating nozzle which for pressure ratios exceeding a certain calculable value may have a shape as indicated, that is a convergent/divergent passage form.
  • a marine propulsion unit comprising a duct having in flow series, a divergent portion, an intermediate and mixing portion in which a centre body is at least in part located and a nozzle portion having a convergentclivergent nozzle, the centre body being adapted to receive a supply of compressed air and a supply of fuel and having in flow series, combustionmeans and turbine means, the turbine means being arranged to drive 'an impulse rotor located at the downstream end of the nozzle and the exhaust from the turbine means being arranged to flow into the mixing portion of the duct to as claimed in claim 1 in which the propulsion unit is supported by a streamlined strut secured to the vessel.
  • a propulsion unit as claimed in claim 1 in which the compressed air is produced by compressor means located remotely from the duct and centre body.
  • a propulsion unit as claimed in claim 4 in which the compressor means comprises in flow series, a first compressor, combustion means, first compressor driving means and power turbine means, the power turbine means being adapted to drive a second compressor, the outlet of which is arranged to flow t0 the centre body.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
US00329334A 1972-02-11 1973-02-05 Marine propulsion Expired - Lifetime US3808804A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB647572A GB1413845A (en) 1972-02-11 1972-02-11 Marine propulsion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3808804A true US3808804A (en) 1974-05-07

Family

ID=9815163

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00329334A Expired - Lifetime US3808804A (en) 1972-02-11 1973-02-05 Marine propulsion

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3808804A (https=)
JP (1) JPS4919588A (https=)
FR (1) FR2171351B1 (https=)
GB (1) GB1413845A (https=)
IT (1) IT978983B (https=)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4343611A (en) * 1979-01-05 1982-08-10 Rolls-Royce Limited Marine propulsion
US4578943A (en) * 1984-11-19 1986-04-01 Scampini Daniel C Hydro-vapor free turbine engine
US4974539A (en) * 1989-06-21 1990-12-04 Fmc Corporation Integrated propulsion and hydrofoil system
US5598700A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-02-04 Dimotech Ltd. Underwater two phase ramjet engine
US6161374A (en) * 1999-11-01 2000-12-19 Sverdlin; Anatoly Transportation propulsion system
US20110070782A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2011-03-24 The Ohio State University Marine propulsion system
CN102251880A (zh) * 2011-06-02 2011-11-23 西北工业大学 一种水下气液两相发动机
EP2505489A1 (en) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-03 Rolls-Royce plc Water jet propulsion device
US20140141664A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2014-05-22 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. Fleet protection attack craft
US20150300250A1 (en) * 2012-12-17 2015-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Two spool gas generator to create family of gas turbine engines
US9555859B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2017-01-31 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. Fleet protection attack craft and underwater vehicles
US9592894B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2017-03-14 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. High speed surface craft and submersible vehicle
CN106985991A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-07-28 徐斌 一种船用呼吸式动力装置
US9783275B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2017-10-10 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. High speed surface craft and submersible craft
RU2728937C1 (ru) * 2019-06-13 2020-08-03 Петр Викторович Соловьёв Способ использования внутренней энергии тепловой струи воздушно-реактивного двигателя
WO2021164780A1 (zh) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 曾德润 一种水航体快响应调向方法和应用
RU2773329C1 (ru) * 2021-11-16 2022-06-02 Владислав Юрьевич Либер Прямоточный воздушноводомётный движитель
WO2023091052A1 (en) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 Liber Vladislav Yuryevich Direct flow air-and-hydraulic propulsion unit

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3009671A1 (de) * 1980-03-13 1981-09-24 Schottel-Werft Josef Becker Gmbh & Co Kg, 5401 Spay Wasserstrahl-antriebsvorrichtung zum antrieb von wasserfahrzeugen
FR2623161B1 (fr) * 1987-11-16 1990-04-06 Moteur Moderne Le Navire pourvu d'au moins un propulseur a reaction
JPH0464811A (ja) * 1990-07-03 1992-02-28 Saamaru:Kk ごみ焼却炉

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447100A (en) * 1946-06-17 1948-08-17 Edward A Stalker Propulsion and boundary layer control for aircraft
US3153905A (en) * 1962-01-10 1964-10-27 Robert J Sutherlin Jet engine
US3365891A (en) * 1966-08-22 1968-01-30 John M Peterson Gas thrustor marine engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2447100A (en) * 1946-06-17 1948-08-17 Edward A Stalker Propulsion and boundary layer control for aircraft
US3153905A (en) * 1962-01-10 1964-10-27 Robert J Sutherlin Jet engine
US3365891A (en) * 1966-08-22 1968-01-30 John M Peterson Gas thrustor marine engine

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4343611A (en) * 1979-01-05 1982-08-10 Rolls-Royce Limited Marine propulsion
US4578943A (en) * 1984-11-19 1986-04-01 Scampini Daniel C Hydro-vapor free turbine engine
US4974539A (en) * 1989-06-21 1990-12-04 Fmc Corporation Integrated propulsion and hydrofoil system
WO1990015751A1 (en) * 1989-06-21 1990-12-27 Fmc Corporation Integrated propulsion and hydrafoil system
US5598700A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-02-04 Dimotech Ltd. Underwater two phase ramjet engine
US5692371A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-12-02 Varshay; Hezi Underwater two phase ramjet engine
US6161374A (en) * 1999-11-01 2000-12-19 Sverdlin; Anatoly Transportation propulsion system
US20110070782A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2011-03-24 The Ohio State University Marine propulsion system
US20120071045A1 (en) * 2008-05-16 2012-03-22 The Ohio State University Marine propulsion system
US8545279B2 (en) * 2008-05-16 2013-10-01 The Ohio State University Marine propulsion system
US10730597B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2020-08-04 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. High speed surface craft and submersible craft
US9783275B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2017-10-10 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. High speed surface craft and submersible craft
US9555859B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2017-01-31 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. Fleet protection attack craft and underwater vehicles
US20140141664A1 (en) * 2008-06-16 2014-05-22 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. Fleet protection attack craft
US9592894B2 (en) 2008-06-16 2017-03-14 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. High speed surface craft and submersible vehicle
US9403579B2 (en) * 2008-06-16 2016-08-02 Juliet Marine Systems, Inc. Fleet protection attack craft
US8727823B2 (en) 2011-04-01 2014-05-20 Rolls-Royce Plc Water jet propulsion device
EP2505489A1 (en) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-03 Rolls-Royce plc Water jet propulsion device
CN102251880A (zh) * 2011-06-02 2011-11-23 西北工业大学 一种水下气液两相发动机
US20150300250A1 (en) * 2012-12-17 2015-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Two spool gas generator to create family of gas turbine engines
US9869248B2 (en) * 2012-12-17 2018-01-16 United Technologies Corporation Two spool gas generator to create family of gas turbine engines
CN106985991A (zh) * 2017-04-01 2017-07-28 徐斌 一种船用呼吸式动力装置
RU2728937C1 (ru) * 2019-06-13 2020-08-03 Петр Викторович Соловьёв Способ использования внутренней энергии тепловой струи воздушно-реактивного двигателя
WO2021164780A1 (zh) * 2020-02-21 2021-08-26 曾德润 一种水航体快响应调向方法和应用
RU2773329C1 (ru) * 2021-11-16 2022-06-02 Владислав Юрьевич Либер Прямоточный воздушноводомётный движитель
WO2023091052A1 (en) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 Liber Vladislav Yuryevich Direct flow air-and-hydraulic propulsion unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2171351B1 (https=) 1977-08-19
DE2306513B2 (de) 1975-05-22
JPS4919588A (https=) 1974-02-21
FR2171351A1 (https=) 1973-09-21
GB1413845A (en) 1975-11-12
IT978983B (it) 1974-09-20
DE2306513A1 (de) 1973-08-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3808804A (en) Marine propulsion
US3496725A (en) Rocket action turbofan engine
US3171379A (en) Hydro-pneumatic ramjet
US2748564A (en) Intermittent combustion gas turbine engine
US5119626A (en) Combined turborocket and ramjet propulsion unit
US2601194A (en) Multiunit gas turbine power plant for aircraft propulsion
US3111005A (en) Jet propulsion plant
US20080315042A1 (en) Thrust generator for a propulsion system
US3265027A (en) Propulsor
US3186166A (en) Gas turbine drive unit
US2704434A (en) High pressure ratio gas turbine of the dual set type
US3046732A (en) Method of energy exchange and apparatus for carrying out the same
US3740949A (en) Fuel cooled ram air reaction propulsion engine
US5191761A (en) Aerospace plane and engine
US3163980A (en) Water jet propulsion
US3348379A (en) Turbojet engine with compressor bypass and aft fan
US3469396A (en) Gas turbine
US3812672A (en) Supercharged ejector ramjet aircraft engine
US2947139A (en) By-pass turbojet
US2851853A (en) Thrust augmentation means for jet propulsion engines
US3396538A (en) Water injection for thrust augmentation
US3273339A (en) Propulsion system for high speed vtol aircraft
US3733826A (en) Fuel cooled ram air reaction propulsion engine
CN111594315B (zh) 一种复合机制全流量循环超声速推进系统及其工作方法
US3161378A (en) Supersonic aircraft wing with powerplant