US3807032A - Method of manufacturing tubes of compound material - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing tubes of compound material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3807032A
US3807032A US00230895A US23089572A US3807032A US 3807032 A US3807032 A US 3807032A US 00230895 A US00230895 A US 00230895A US 23089572 A US23089572 A US 23089572A US 3807032 A US3807032 A US 3807032A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
core
billet
casing
die
mandrel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00230895A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Nilsson
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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Publication date
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Publication of US3807032A publication Critical patent/US3807032A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/004—Composite billet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/007—Hydrostatic extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/22—Making metal-coated products; Making products from two or more metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
    • Y10T29/49934—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall by axially applying force

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In manufacturing tubes of compound material by hydrostatic extrusion through a die, the front end of the billet is formed with a taper to fit the conical inlet of the die. The mating line between the lower ends of the core and the casing is within the die, so that when extrusion starts only the casing is in contact with the die and only the core with the mandrel. This prevents any possible entry of pressure fluid between the core and the casing.
  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing tubes of compound material and a billet for use with the method.
  • tubes can be produced by means of hydrostatic extrusion, a mandrel being applied in the orifice of the die and the material extruded through the gap between the mandrel and the die.
  • the casing prefferably in the shape of a tube which is fitted or forced onto the hollow core.
  • the latter is then bevelled at the front end in order to fit the correspondingly conical opening of the die orifice.
  • This bevelled part is a considerable portion of the billet and in previous methods of tubular extrusion a constant ratio between the area of material in the core and in the casing of the finished product will not be obtained until this front part has been pressed out through the die. A considerable part of the material produced will therefore fall outside the production tolerances and must be scrapped. This is a serious economic drawback since scrap of combined metals usually has very low value.
  • the invention refers to a method in which these problems and drawbacks are completely eliminated, and to a billet for use with the method according to the invention.
  • the characteristic feature of the invention is that a billet composed of a core and a casing is hydrostatically extruded through a die having a conical inlet and around a mandrel. In order to prevent the entry of the pressure fluid between the front ends of the core and the casing, these are tapered and are so arranged that the line of joining between them at the lower end lies within the opening of the die. The proportion of the thickness of the tapered portions is the same at each point as in the main body of the billet.
  • FIG. 1 shows a billet inserted in the pressure chamber for extruding according to the method
  • FIG. 2 shows a tool for upsetting the end of the billet facing the die.
  • FIG. 1 shows a pressure chamber having a cylindrical mantle 1. Its base is a press plate 2. A die 3 is placed against the press plate and has an opening with the same shape and dimensions as the outer contour of the diameter of the finished product. A sealing ring 4 seals between the die and the mantle. A mandrel 5 is placed in the desired position in the opening of the die so that a gap 6 is formed between die and mandrel, this gap having a shape and width corresponding to the wall thickness of the finished product. The mandrel 5 is shown narrowing in the direction of the die, but it may have a constant diameter if preferred.
  • the mandrel may be attached to the billet in the axial direction and thus will follow the billet out through the die during the extrusion.
  • Another possibility is to attach the mandrel in the axial direction with relation to the pressure chamber by means known per se, not shown.
  • the billet consists of a tubular core 7 and a tubular casing 8.
  • the tubes may have free clearance in relation to each other and to the mandrel so that the core can be inserted-in the casing without difficulty and then the billet fitted easily over the mandrel upon insertion in the pressure chamber.
  • a sealing member 9 consisting of a ring of plastic or suitable metal with flanges folded down over the core and the casing is arranged at the rear end of the billet to p event pressure medium from penetrating between the core and the casing.
  • a sealing ring may be applied between core and casing close to the rear end of the billet.
  • the core 7 is provided with a groove 10.
  • the casing 8 is pressed mechanically or hydrostatically into this groove so that core and easing are fixed to each other in the axial direction.
  • the attachment of core and casing may also be carried out in some other manner, known per se, for example by welding them to each other, a seal then being obtained at the same time.
  • a piston 12 freely movable in the chamber, sealing members 13 and 14 being provided to seal against the mantle 1 of the chamber and the mandrel 5, respectively.
  • the piston has a through-flow channel 15 provided with a valve body 16 which is biased by a spring 17. These members allow the pressure medium to flow from the space 18 behind the piston to the space 19 upon a predetermined overpressure in the former in relation to the latter space.
  • the rear part 18 of the pressure chamber is not shown in detail. It may be provided in known manner with a lid and a pipe for introducing pressure medium into the chamber.
  • the pressure in the chamber is increase to the value required for the extrusion by pumping the medium under high pressure into the chamber of by inserting a pressure-generating piston in the v chamber after it has been filled with pressure medium.
  • the billet is preferably shaped as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the core 7 is hollow with an inner diameter which gives free play with respect to the mandrel 5.
  • the front end of the core is bevelled, for instance by turning.
  • the casing 8 is tubular with an inner diameter which gives free play with respect to the core and is bevelled at its front end. Core and casing are then fixed together in the manner described above, and the necessary sealing means are applied at the rear end of the billet.
  • the billet can now be upset. This can be done with the help of a tool 20 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the tool has a conical depression with a top angle which is suitably in substantial agreement with the angle of a corresponding depression in the die 3.
  • the recess has a peg 21 with a diameter substantially in agreement with the diameter of the mandrel 5.
  • the billet is fitted over the peg 21 and, by applying a force F to the rear end of the billet, this is pressed against the tool so that the front end of the core is upset inwardly towards the peg and the front part of the casing is upset inwardly towards the core.
  • the billet After upsetting, the billet has the shape shown in FIG. 1 and can be inserted in the pressure chamber in the position shown in FIG. 1, after which the pressure in the chamber is increased to the level required for extrusion.
  • the core and easing are preferably bevelled so that in the finished billet the ratio between the area of the material in core and casing is the same for each cross section perpendicular to the axis of the billet. The finished product will then have the desired ratio between core and casing area right from the start of the extrusion process and scrapping need not occur.
  • the upsetting may also be performed after the billet has been applied in the pressure chamber.
  • the billet in the form shown in FIG. 2, is then inserted in the pressure chamber and this is sealed.
  • the pressure medium is introduced into the space 18 and the pressure increased.
  • the piston 12 then presses the billet against the die so that upsetting takes place and the core 7 is brought into contact with the mandrel and the casing 8 with the core 7.
  • the pressure from the piston 12 is determined by the valve 15, 16, 17 which is set so that sufficient force is obtained for upsetting before the pressure medium is allowed into the space 19.
  • the billet will be brought to seal against the mandrel and the die and since only after this is the pressure medium introduced into the space 19, leakage is prevented through the die opening.
  • the process and billet described can be used for manufacturing tubing of widely differing combinations of material and this offers great advantages since each material canthen be individually selected having the best properties with respect to specific requirements such as electric or thermal conductivity, density, price, electrical contactability, corrosion resistance, hardness, etc.
  • the method and the billet may also be used for combinations of more than two materials, in which case several casings may be applied one on top of the other on the core.
  • tubes of arbitary shape for the cross section within wide limits can be manufactured.
  • Method of manufacturing tubes of compound material having an inner tube (7) and at least one outer tube surrounding the inner tube which comprises forming a billet by mounting a hollow core (7) and a tubular casing (8) in coaxial relation to each other, and hydrostatically extruding the billet through an opening in a die (3) from a pressure chamber (1, 2, 3) containing a pressure medium to an egress space, a mandrel (5) being arranged in the opening of the die in such a way that a gap (6) corresponding to the thickness of the wall of the finished tube is'formed between the mandrel and the opening, in which, at the start of the extrusion, when the billet is brought into contact with the die (3) and the mandrel (5), only the casing (8) abuts the die (3) and only the core part (7) abuts the mandrel (5), whereby the parts of both the core (7) and the casing (8) located nearest the opening are in direct communication with the egress space by way of the gap (6).
  • Method according to claim 1 which includes fitting the casing (8) over the core (7) and fixing it thereto in the axial direction, and thereafter bringing the end of the casing facing the die into abutment with the core by upsetting it.
  • Method according to claim 1 which comprises upsetting the end of the billet facing the die before the bi]- let is inserted in the pressure chamber.
  • Method according to claim 5, which comprises inserting the billet in the pressure chamber and pressing the billet against the die (3) to upset the end facing the die.
  • Method according to claim 7, which comprises bringing the core (7) into abutment with the mandrel during the upsetting.
  • Method according to claim 9 which comprises, after the upsetting, allowing the pressure medium to core.
  • Method according to claim 1 which comprises attaching the core and the casing to each other prior to the extrusion so that axial displacement of the core in relation to the casing is prevented in the pressure chamber during the extrusion process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US00230895A 1971-03-15 1972-03-01 Method of manufacturing tubes of compound material Expired - Lifetime US3807032A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE03272/71A SE358098B (US20020193084A1-20021219-M00002.png) 1971-03-15 1971-03-15

Publications (1)

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US3807032A true US3807032A (en) 1974-04-30

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US (1) US3807032A (US20020193084A1-20021219-M00002.png)
JP (1) JPS5522166B1 (US20020193084A1-20021219-M00002.png)
DE (1) DE2211129A1 (US20020193084A1-20021219-M00002.png)
SE (1) SE358098B (US20020193084A1-20021219-M00002.png)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3877272A (en) * 1973-03-07 1975-04-15 Asea Ab Method for hydrostatic extrusion of tubes and billets
US3946584A (en) * 1973-04-11 1976-03-30 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Hydrostatic extrusion method and apparatus
US3950979A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-04-20 Western Electric Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for tube extrusion
US4031732A (en) * 1974-06-07 1977-06-28 Asea Method for hydrostatic extrusion of tubes
USRE29344E (en) * 1971-08-18 1977-08-09 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing tubes or tubular bodies with inner walls having cross sections of irregular shapes
US4085606A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Hydrostatic extrusion apparatus for producing hollow elongated bodies of rectangular cross section
US20030094209A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2003-05-22 Suncall Corporation Two-layer clad pipe and method for making the same
US20070228114A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-04 The Boeing Company Methods of mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding
CN100469472C (zh) * 2007-03-16 2009-03-18 清华大学 双层复合管半固态多坯料挤压成形工艺及其装置
US8991683B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2015-03-31 The Boeing Company Mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2290261A1 (fr) * 1974-11-07 1976-06-04 Kobe Steel Ltd Procede et appareil pour l'extrusion des billettes
FR2641210B1 (fr) * 1989-01-03 1991-03-15 Valinox Procede de fabrication de tubes bimetalliques et tubes obtenus par ce procede

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3391563A (en) * 1965-03-17 1968-07-09 Ca Atomic Energy Ltd Impact extrusion process and blank for use therein
US3580019A (en) * 1967-05-10 1971-05-25 Boris Ivanovich Beresnev Method of manufacturing rod, shaped and tubular products from difficult-to-work metals and alloys, preferably high melting-point and chemically active ones
US3604102A (en) * 1968-01-03 1971-09-14 Cnen Process for effecting metallurgical joints between two different metals and the products obtained thereby
US3631586A (en) * 1967-09-14 1972-01-04 British Insulated Callenders Manufacture of copper-clad aluminum rod
US3654687A (en) * 1967-09-27 1972-04-11 Asea Ab Hydrostatic extrusion of compound material
US3702556A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-11-14 Asea Ab Method of hydrostatic extrusion

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3391563A (en) * 1965-03-17 1968-07-09 Ca Atomic Energy Ltd Impact extrusion process and blank for use therein
US3580019A (en) * 1967-05-10 1971-05-25 Boris Ivanovich Beresnev Method of manufacturing rod, shaped and tubular products from difficult-to-work metals and alloys, preferably high melting-point and chemically active ones
US3631586A (en) * 1967-09-14 1972-01-04 British Insulated Callenders Manufacture of copper-clad aluminum rod
US3654687A (en) * 1967-09-27 1972-04-11 Asea Ab Hydrostatic extrusion of compound material
US3604102A (en) * 1968-01-03 1971-09-14 Cnen Process for effecting metallurgical joints between two different metals and the products obtained thereby
US3702556A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-11-14 Asea Ab Method of hydrostatic extrusion

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE29344E (en) * 1971-08-18 1977-08-09 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method and apparatus for manufacturing tubes or tubular bodies with inner walls having cross sections of irregular shapes
US3877272A (en) * 1973-03-07 1975-04-15 Asea Ab Method for hydrostatic extrusion of tubes and billets
US3946584A (en) * 1973-04-11 1976-03-30 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Hydrostatic extrusion method and apparatus
US4031732A (en) * 1974-06-07 1977-06-28 Asea Method for hydrostatic extrusion of tubes
US3950979A (en) * 1974-10-04 1976-04-20 Western Electric Company, Inc. Apparatus and method for tube extrusion
US4085606A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Hydrostatic extrusion apparatus for producing hollow elongated bodies of rectangular cross section
US20030094209A1 (en) * 2000-06-14 2003-05-22 Suncall Corporation Two-layer clad pipe and method for making the same
US20070228114A1 (en) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-04 The Boeing Company Methods of mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding
US8328075B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2012-12-11 The Boeing Company Methods of mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding
US8991683B2 (en) 2006-03-30 2015-03-31 The Boeing Company Mark-off suppression in superplastic forming and diffusion bonding
CN100469472C (zh) * 2007-03-16 2009-03-18 清华大学 双层复合管半固态多坯料挤压成形工艺及其装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE358098B (US20020193084A1-20021219-M00002.png) 1973-07-23
DE2211129A1 (de) 1972-09-21
JPS5522166B1 (US20020193084A1-20021219-M00002.png) 1980-06-14

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