US3803300A - Ointment foil and method of preparing the same - Google Patents
Ointment foil and method of preparing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3803300A US3803300A US00121555A US12155571A US3803300A US 3803300 A US3803300 A US 3803300A US 00121555 A US00121555 A US 00121555A US 12155571 A US12155571 A US 12155571A US 3803300 A US3803300 A US 3803300A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ointment
- water
- foil
- parts
- emulsion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 title abstract description 23
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 22
- POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allantoin Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N Allantoin Natural products NC(=O)N[C@@H]1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-PVQJCKRUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000458 allantoin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azulene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC2=C1 CUFNKYGDVFVPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 carboxyvinyl groups Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940082500 cetostearyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003883 ointment base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000206575 Chondrus crispus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001887 cortisones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QGLITUFXHVRMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetratriacontyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O QGLITUFXHVRMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFOHBWFCKVYLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylparaben Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QFOHBWFCKVYLES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N D-alpha-tocopherylacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N D-panthenol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCCO SNPLKNRPJHDVJA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical group O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000999 acridine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940023476 agar Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001716 benzalkonium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzododecinium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008406 cosmetic ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N d-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- PGBHMTALBVVCIT-VCIWKGPPSA-N framycetin Chemical compound N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)C[C@@H](N)[C@@H]2O)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O2)N)O[C@@H]1CO PGBHMTALBVVCIT-VCIWKGPPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachlorophene Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1CC1=C(O)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl ACGUYXCXAPNIKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004068 hexachlorophene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002900 methylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940053050 neomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940101267 panthenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020957 pantothenol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011619 pantothenol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940068918 polyethylene glycol 400 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046303 sodium cetostearyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940080236 sodium cetyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O GGHPAKFFUZUEKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CLBALUNQCMWJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;hexadecyl sulfate;octadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O CLBALUNQCMWJSU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O NWZBFJYXRGSRGD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042585 tocopherol acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7007—Drug-containing films, membranes or sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S602/00—Surgery: splint, brace, or bandage
- Y10S602/904—Film-forming bandage material
Definitions
- Ointment foils for application to the injured or intact skin are prepared by drying an oil-in-water type emulsion of conventional ointment ingredients atrelevated temperature to a water content of 1% to The foils so obtained are firm enough to be handled without asupport or carrier, yet flexible enough to conform to the contours of the body.
- This invention relates to shaped ointment bodies and to a method of preparing the same.
- the ointments have the consistency of a very soft solid barely capable of maintaining its shape under the forces of gravity or even softer. They are either applied directly to the skin from a container, or they are applied to an absorbent carrier such as a fabric on an industrial scale and applied while supported on the carrier.
- the ointments employed in the last-described manner must be practically free from water and have a continuous oily or fatty phase consisting of petroleum jelly, polyethylene glycol or the like because conventional ointments which are of the oil-in-water emulsion water'type
- the ointment bodies of the invention are foil-shaped in accordance with their normal applications and are emulsions of the oil-in-water type, that is,-they have a fat or oil phase colloidally dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase although their water content may be as low as 1% and should not be higher than 15% by weight.
- the components of the foil-shaped bodies other than water are conventional ointment ingredients, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable oily or fatty ointment base in an amount of to 60%, 2% to 12% of an emulsifier capable of emulsifying the base. in Water, 3% to 20% of a film forming agent, 12% to 40%bof a humectant, and 1% to 15 of an active agent of any type conventionally employed in ointments for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes and compatible with the other ingredients.
- ointment ingredients such as a pharmaceutically acceptable oily or fatty ointment base in an amount of to 60%, 2% to 12% of an emulsifier capable of emulsifying the base. in Water, 3% to 20% of a film forming agent, 12% to 40%bof a humectant, and 1% to 15 of an active agent of any type conventionally employed in ointments for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes and compatible with the other ingredients.
- emulsions of the invention may contain enough titanium oxide or zinc oxide to make them opaque.
- Synthetic surfactants are the preferred emulsifying agents, and may be of the anionic, cationic, or non-ionic types, numerous such agents being in current pharmaceutical use.
- Methyl cellulose, carboxyrnethyl cellulose, and other cellulose Patented Apr. 9, 1974 derivatives capable of dissolving or of swelling in water, and alginates are the preferred film forming agents.
- the foil-shaped ointment bodies of the invention are shape retaining and may be applied manually to the intact or injured skin without the fingers touching the latter and without requiring transfer of the-ointment to gauze or other fabric before application to the skin. Yet, they are flexible enough to conform to the substrate under minimal pressure. Large skin areas can quickly and conveniently be covered.
- the foil-shaped ointment bodies of the invention are prepared from oil-in-water emulsions of higher water content having a paste-like consistency by partial evaporation of the original water content when an exposed layer'of the starting emulsion spread on a solid substrate is supplied with thermal energy.
- the thermal energy is preferably supplied at a rate to keep the temperature of the initially paste-like layer at 50 to C. the actual drying temperature depending on the ingredients used, and the layer being exposed to a vacuum while being supplied with thermal energy at the lowest temperatures of the preferred range.
- the oily or fatty phase of the emulsion may consist of any of the usual, pharmaceutically accepted ointment bases such as mineral oil, ozokerite, petroleum jelly, paraflin, fatty alcohols, vegetable oils and their hydrogenation products, fatty acid glycerides, and the like.
- the emulsifiers suitable for the purpose of the invention include; but are by no means limited to sodium cetostearyl sulfate, 'ethoxylated fatty alcohols, complex emulsifiers such as polyoxyethyleneglycols or propyleneglycol.
- the therapeutically or cosmetically active agents are compounded with the initial emulsion and may include all therapeutic or cosmetic ingredients conventionally incorporated in oil-in-water ointments such as p-chloro-mcresol, hydroxyquinoline and other disinfectants, antibi otica, sulfonamides ,hexachlorophene, acridine dyes, phydroxybenzoic acid esters, quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium' chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride.
- Other active agents compatible with the necessary ingredients of ointment bodies of the invention include tanning agents, allantoin, urea, azulene, various plant'extracts, cortisone derivatives, vitamins, and hormones.
- Film forming agents which have been used successfully in the foil-shaped bodies of the invention include polymers having repeating carboxyvinyl groups, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and other water soluble cellulose derivatives, vegetable mucilage, alginates,'polyvinyl pyrrolidone, copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, agar, carragheen, dextran, and the like.
- the initially prepared emulsion is adjusted with water or aqueous ethanol to the consistency of a thin, freeflowing paste.
- a layer of the paste is spread on a solid substrate of sheet metal, glass, or the like by means of a knife blade, roller, or other coating apparatus and heated to'reduce the residual moisture content'to 1% to 15%.
- Internally heated drums having a cylindrical surface of polyethylene, polytetrafluoroehtylene, ceramic enamel or glass permit convenient separation of the dried foil from the heated surface.
- the evaporation of the water may be hastened by applying a vacuum.
- the initial thickness of the emulsion layer is chosen to make the dried foil 0.2 mm. to 2 mm.'thick.
- the starting emulsion may be compounded with relatively little water to give it the consistency of a heavy paste which is further dehydrated by stirring in an evacuated kettle until the paste is as thick as dough. This heavy paste is then rolled to the desired thickness and dried to the ultimate water content on heated metal sheets or a heated rotating cylinder.
- the foil-shaped bodies of the invention are readily smoothed on the skin so as to make contact over their entire surface. They readily absorb moisture discharged from the skin or blood, and effectively release their active agents to the skin through the large interface. While a fabric carrier is not usually required for applying foil shaped ointment bodies of the invention which have dimensions of length and width of several inches, such carriers may be combined with these foil bodies in any desired manner.
- the foil-shaped bodies are preferably sealed in a moisture impervious envelope for storage.
- EXAMPLE 1 3 parts petroleum jelly, parts cetostearyl alcohol (a 1:1 mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol), and 1 part of a commercial nonionic surfactant (ethoxylated oleyl alcohol containing 5-10 mole percent ethylene oxide and having a hydroxyl number between 80 and 110) were heated with stirring until a homogeneous melt was obtained.
- An aqueous mixture was prepared at 70 C. from 2 parts low-viscosity methyl cellulose, 1 part polyvinylpyrrolidone, 6 parts glycerin, 1 part panthenol, 1 part allantoin, 0.1 part benzalkonium chloride, and 80 parts water.
- the aqueous and fatty components were combined in in oi1-in-water emulsion by means of a high speed agitator.
- the emulsion so obtained was ground with 3 parts zinc oxide, the paste-like mass was applied to a polytetrafiuoroethylene-covered steel sheet in a thickness of 2 mm., and the metal sheet was heated to maintain a temperature of 100 C. in the paste layer until the moisture content of the latter had been reduced to about 3 to 4%.
- the dried film was flexible but sufiiciently shape-retaining to be stripped from the substrate and handled without difficulty.
- EXAMPLE 2 An emulsion was prepared as in Example 1 from an oil phase consisting of 0.2 part paraffin oil, 3 parts ozokerite, 3 parts petroleum jelly, and 5 parts of a :1 surfactant mixture of cetostearyl alcohol and sodium cetylstearyl sulfate, the last-mentioned ingredient being a mixture of equal parts of sodium cetyl sulfate and sodium stearyl sulfate, and cetostearyl alcohol being a corresponding mixture of the alcohols.
- the aqueous phase 4 EXAMPLE 3 A fatty phase of an emulsion was prepared from 6 parts petroleum jelly, 10 parts cetylstearyl alcohol, 1 part stearic acid, and 2 parts polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate by melting and dispersed in an aqueous phase prepared at 70 C. from 4 parts methyl cellulose, 10 parts glycerin, 1 part allantoin, and parts water. The emulsion so prepared was further blended with 0.5 part neomycin sulfate and 0.05 part vitamin E acetate.
- An emulsion layer 3 mm. thick was spread on a metal sheet, and the sheet was placed in a vacuum furnace kept at a temperature of about 50 C. until the residual moisture in the emulsion was reduced to about 5%.
- the product was useful as a general purpose ointment for sore skin.
- EXAMPLE 4 A similar, but more viscous emulsion was prepared from a molten oil phase consisting of 3.3 parts petroleum jelly, 6.4 parts of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1, 0.5 part polyethyleneglycol (400) stearate, 0.] part butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and 0.2 part wool fat (adeps lanae), and an aqueous phase consisting of 2.2 parts carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.2 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5 parts polyethyleneglycol 400, 3 parts urea, and 60 parts water of 70 C.
- a molten oil phase consisting of 3.3 parts petroleum jelly, 6.4 parts of the nonionic surfactant of Example 1, 0.5 part polyethyleneglycol (400) stearate, 0.] part butyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and 0.2 part wool fat (adeps lanae)
- an aqueous phase consisting of 2.2 parts carboxymethyl cellulose, 1.2 parts polyvin
- EXAMPLE 5 An emulsion as initially prepared in Example 1 was placed over a layer of surgical gauze spread on metal sheets, whereby the emulsion penetrated into the fabric. The thickness of the applied emulsion layer was about 3 mm. prior to subsequent heating to 100 C., whereby the ultimate moisture content was reduced to about 34%.
- a pharmacologically acceptable oily or fatty ointment base selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, ozokerite, petroleum jelly, paraffin, fatty alcohol, wool fat, vegetable oil, bydrogenated vegetable oil, and fatty acid glycerides other than said vegetable oil or hydrogenated vegetable oil;
- a film forming agent selected from the group consisting of a polymer having repeating carboxyvinyl groups, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl-cellulose, alginate, agar, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carragheen, and dextran;
- said active agent being a disinfectant, an antibiotic, a sulfonamide, a tanning agent, allantoin, urea, azulene, a plant extract, a cortisone derivative, or a vitamin,
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Cosmetics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2012775A DE2012775C3 (de) | 1970-03-18 | 1970-03-18 | Salbenfohe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3803300A true US3803300A (en) | 1974-04-09 |
Family
ID=5765402
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00121555A Expired - Lifetime US3803300A (en) | 1970-03-18 | 1971-03-05 | Ointment foil and method of preparing the same |
Country Status (15)
Cited By (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2432925A1 (de) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-01-22 | Schering Ag | Arzneimittelwirkstofftraeger in folienform mit inkorporiertem wirkstoff |
| DE2604718A1 (de) * | 1975-02-06 | 1976-08-19 | Alza Corp | Therapeutische vorrichtung zur verabreichung von skopolaminbase |
| US4131650A (en) * | 1975-04-19 | 1978-12-26 | Firma Carl Freudenberg | Collagen foil for cosmetic application |
| WO1982000099A1 (en) * | 1980-07-09 | 1982-01-21 | Key Pharma | Polymeric diffusion matrix for administration of drugs |
| US4321252A (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1982-03-23 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polymeric diffusion matrix containing ester derivatives of estradiol |
| US4357935A (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-11-09 | C. R. Canfield & Company, Inc. | Dry method of making a dry socket dressing |
| US4482534A (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1984-11-13 | Forest Laboratories, Inc. | Nitroglycerin preparations |
| US4482533A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1984-11-13 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polymeric diffusion matrix containing propranolol |
| EP0139127A1 (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1985-05-02 | F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE & CO. Aktiengesellschaft | Transdermal drug delivery device and its preparation |
| US4585797A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1986-04-29 | Seton Company | Cosmetic and pharmaceutical sheet material containing polypeptides |
| US4591501A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1986-05-27 | Seton Company | Cosmetic and pharmaceutical sheet material containing polypeptides |
| US5128138A (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1992-07-07 | Izhak Blank | Estradiol compositions and methods for topical application |
| US5232703A (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1993-08-03 | Izhak Blank | Estradiol compositions and methods for topical application |
| AU668986B2 (en) * | 1992-08-08 | 1996-05-23 | Seton Healthcare Group Plc | Topical composition |
| WO2000018365A3 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2000-11-16 | Warner Lambert Co | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US6221403B1 (en) * | 1992-08-08 | 2001-04-24 | Seton Healthcare Group Plc | Topical composition |
| US6245960B1 (en) | 1999-05-13 | 2001-06-12 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Inherent healing accelerator |
| WO2002005789A3 (de) * | 2000-07-15 | 2002-05-10 | Scs Skin Care Systems Gmbh | Lösung, dispersion oder emulsion bildende folien-dermatika |
| US20030206942A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2003-11-06 | Neema Kulkarni | Fast dissolving orally consumable films containing an antitussive and a mucosa coating agent |
| US20030211136A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2003-11-13 | Neema Kulkarni | Fast dissolving orally consumable films containing a sweetener |
| US20050058613A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single-use moisturizing product |
| FR2880262A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-07 | Oreal | Article cosmetique ou dermatologique comportant un support soluble dans l'eau |
| US20060159730A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-20 | L'oreal | Cosmetic or dermatological article comprising a medium that is soluble in water |
| US20070259029A1 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Mcentire Edward Enns | Water-dispersible patch containing an active agent for dermal delivery |
| US20070258935A1 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Mcentire Edward Enns | Water dispersible films for delivery of active agents to the epidermis |
| US20080057090A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Mcentire Edward Enns | Wrinkle masking film composition for skin |
| US20080069864A1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2008-03-20 | Acupac Packaging, Inc. | Delivery System for Cosmetic and Skincare Products |
| US20080085972A1 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-10 | O'brien Emmett Patrick | Switchable adhesive article for attachment to skin and method of using the same |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4113854A (en) * | 1977-01-10 | 1978-09-12 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Prophylactic treatment of mastitis |
| FR2405068A1 (fr) * | 1977-10-10 | 1979-05-04 | Sauba Lab | Composition pharmaceutique destinee au traitement du dessechement cutane |
| US4291014A (en) * | 1979-01-11 | 1981-09-22 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polymeric diffusion matrix containing estradiol diacetate |
| FR2455459A1 (fr) * | 1979-05-02 | 1980-11-28 | Sertog | Procede d'obtention d'une matrice contenant un principe actif et le liberant progressivement |
| FR2649318A1 (fr) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-01-11 | Tisnes Paul | Formes galeniques deshydratees pour l'usage dermatologique et cosmetique |
| GB9017800D0 (en) * | 1990-08-14 | 1990-09-26 | Unilever Plc | Moisture barrier and its preparation |
| DE4420625C1 (de) * | 1994-06-14 | 1995-11-02 | Beiersdorf Ag | Wirkstoffkombination mit einem Gehalt an Glycerylalkylethern und kosmetische und dermatologische Zubereitungen, solche Wirkstoffkombinationen enthaltend |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR851701A (fr) * | 1938-03-15 | 1940-01-13 | Pâte protectrice |
-
1970
- 1970-03-18 DE DE2012775A patent/DE2012775C3/de not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-03-05 US US00121555A patent/US3803300A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-03-06 ES ES388980A patent/ES388980A1/es not_active Expired
- 1971-03-10 CH CH361871A patent/CH575758A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-03-11 DK DK114671AA patent/DK131088B/da unknown
- 1971-03-12 FR FR7108699A patent/FR2083366B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1971-03-16 LU LU62798D patent/LU62798A1/xx unknown
- 1971-03-17 NO NO01020/71A patent/NO129771B/no unknown
- 1971-03-17 NL NL7103560A patent/NL7103560A/xx unknown
- 1971-03-17 AT AT228571A patent/AT302530B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-03-17 SE SE03438/71A patent/SE368508B/xx unknown
- 1971-03-17 CA CA108,015A patent/CA945897A/en not_active Expired
- 1971-03-17 BE BE764422A patent/BE764422A/xx unknown
- 1971-03-18 IE IE346/71A patent/IE35025B1/xx unknown
- 1971-04-19 GB GB2449571*A patent/GB1320309A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (47)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2432925A1 (de) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-01-22 | Schering Ag | Arzneimittelwirkstofftraeger in folienform mit inkorporiertem wirkstoff |
| DE2604718A1 (de) * | 1975-02-06 | 1976-08-19 | Alza Corp | Therapeutische vorrichtung zur verabreichung von skopolaminbase |
| US4131650A (en) * | 1975-04-19 | 1978-12-26 | Firma Carl Freudenberg | Collagen foil for cosmetic application |
| US4492685A (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1985-01-08 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Protective skin matrix |
| US4321252A (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1982-03-23 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polymeric diffusion matrix containing ester derivatives of estradiol |
| US4470962A (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1984-09-11 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polymeric diffusion matrix |
| WO1982000099A1 (en) * | 1980-07-09 | 1982-01-21 | Key Pharma | Polymeric diffusion matrix for administration of drugs |
| US4357935A (en) * | 1980-11-12 | 1982-11-09 | C. R. Canfield & Company, Inc. | Dry method of making a dry socket dressing |
| US4482534A (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1984-11-13 | Forest Laboratories, Inc. | Nitroglycerin preparations |
| US4591501A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1986-05-27 | Seton Company | Cosmetic and pharmaceutical sheet material containing polypeptides |
| US4585797A (en) * | 1981-04-13 | 1986-04-29 | Seton Company | Cosmetic and pharmaceutical sheet material containing polypeptides |
| US4482533A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1984-11-13 | Key Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Polymeric diffusion matrix containing propranolol |
| EP0139127A1 (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1985-05-02 | F. HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE & CO. Aktiengesellschaft | Transdermal drug delivery device and its preparation |
| US5128138A (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1992-07-07 | Izhak Blank | Estradiol compositions and methods for topical application |
| US5232703A (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1993-08-03 | Izhak Blank | Estradiol compositions and methods for topical application |
| AU668986B2 (en) * | 1992-08-08 | 1996-05-23 | Seton Healthcare Group Plc | Topical composition |
| JP3516952B2 (ja) | 1992-08-08 | 2004-04-05 | シートン、ヘルスケア、グループ、パブリック、リミテッド、カンパニー | 医療用の局所用組成物 |
| US6221403B1 (en) * | 1992-08-08 | 2001-04-24 | Seton Healthcare Group Plc | Topical composition |
| US20030206942A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2003-11-06 | Neema Kulkarni | Fast dissolving orally consumable films containing an antitussive and a mucosa coating agent |
| US7407669B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2008-08-05 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US20080020024A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2008-01-24 | Neema Kulkarni | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US6596298B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2003-07-22 | Warner-Lambert Company | Fast dissolving orally comsumable films |
| US20010022964A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2001-09-20 | Leung Sau-Hung S. | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US20030211136A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2003-11-13 | Neema Kulkarni | Fast dissolving orally consumable films containing a sweetener |
| US7025983B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2006-04-11 | Warner-Lambert Company Llc | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| WO2000018365A3 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2000-11-16 | Warner Lambert Co | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US20040136922A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2004-07-15 | Leung Sau-Hung Spence | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US7491406B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2009-02-17 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US20060039953A1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2006-02-23 | Leung Sau-Hung S | Fast dissolving orally consumable films |
| US6245960B1 (en) | 1999-05-13 | 2001-06-12 | Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Arkansas | Inherent healing accelerator |
| AU2001283909B2 (en) * | 2000-07-15 | 2006-12-21 | Scs Skin Care Systems Gmbh | Solution-, Dispersion-or emulsion-producing film dermatics |
| US20040009211A1 (en) * | 2000-07-15 | 2004-01-15 | Michael Roreger | Film-dermatics |
| WO2002005789A3 (de) * | 2000-07-15 | 2002-05-10 | Scs Skin Care Systems Gmbh | Lösung, dispersion oder emulsion bildende folien-dermatika |
| US20080069864A1 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2008-03-20 | Acupac Packaging, Inc. | Delivery System for Cosmetic and Skincare Products |
| WO2005034904A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-04-21 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single-use moisturizing product |
| US7666396B2 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2010-02-23 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single-use moisturizing product |
| US20050058613A1 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-03-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Single-use moisturizing product |
| FR2880262A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-07 | Oreal | Article cosmetique ou dermatologique comportant un support soluble dans l'eau |
| US20060159730A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-20 | L'oreal | Cosmetic or dermatological article comprising a medium that is soluble in water |
| EP1676559A3 (fr) * | 2005-01-03 | 2006-09-13 | L'oreal | Article cosmétique ou dermatologique comportant un support soluble dans l'eau |
| US20070110792A9 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2007-05-17 | L'oreal | Cosmetic or dermatological article comprising a medium that is soluble in water |
| US20110033509A1 (en) * | 2005-01-03 | 2011-02-10 | L'oreal | Cosmetic or dermatological article comprising a medium that is soluble in water |
| US20070258935A1 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Mcentire Edward Enns | Water dispersible films for delivery of active agents to the epidermis |
| US20070259029A1 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2007-11-08 | Mcentire Edward Enns | Water-dispersible patch containing an active agent for dermal delivery |
| US20080057090A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Mcentire Edward Enns | Wrinkle masking film composition for skin |
| US20080085972A1 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-04-10 | O'brien Emmett Patrick | Switchable adhesive article for attachment to skin and method of using the same |
| US7879942B2 (en) | 2006-10-05 | 2011-02-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Switchable adhesive article for attachment to skin and method of using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IE35025B1 (en) | 1975-10-15 |
| DK131088B (da) | 1975-05-26 |
| BE764422A (fr) | 1971-08-16 |
| NL7103560A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-09-21 |
| FR2083366B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-05-31 |
| CA945897A (en) | 1974-04-23 |
| CH575758A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1976-05-31 |
| LU62798A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-08-23 |
| DK131088C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1975-10-27 |
| AT302530B (de) | 1972-10-25 |
| DE2012775B2 (de) | 1973-03-01 |
| IE35025L (en) | 1971-09-18 |
| FR2083366A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-12-17 |
| DE2012775A1 (de) | 1971-09-30 |
| SE368508B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-07-08 |
| NO129771B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1974-05-27 |
| GB1320309A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
| DE2012775C3 (de) | 1973-10-04 |
| ES388980A1 (es) | 1974-05-01 |
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