US3799645A - Illumination equipment for microscopes - Google Patents

Illumination equipment for microscopes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3799645A
US3799645A US00239671A US23967172A US3799645A US 3799645 A US3799645 A US 3799645A US 00239671 A US00239671 A US 00239671A US 23967172 A US23967172 A US 23967172A US 3799645 A US3799645 A US 3799645A
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optical axis
aperture
lamp
diaphragm
additional
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US00239671A
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H Stankewitz
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Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH
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Ernst Leitz Wetzlar GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/06—Means for illuminating specimens
    • G02B21/08—Condensers

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  • ABSTRACT in an illumination equipment for microscopes comprising among other elements a lamp, a lamp aperture and an auxiliary condenser lens which may interpositioned into the light path in addition to a stationary main condenser for varying the aperture of the equipment
  • the improvement comprises a lens element which is inserted into and/or withdrawn from the light path upon interpositioning the auxiliary condenser lens. It is thereby achieved that the position of the image of both the lamp and the lamp aperture remains stationary when the aperture of the equipment is varied, thus eliminating the necessity for refocusing the image of the lamp aperture into the object plane and the image of the lamp into infinity.
  • the invention relates to an illumination equipment as used with microscopes.
  • the main condenser and the collector lens have to be displaceable along the optical axis or the main condenser may be stationary and only the collector lens is displaceable while the proper imaging of the lamp diaphragm is achieved by introducing an auxiliary condenser lens.
  • the additional lens element and the auxiliary condenser lens may be operated by a common mechanism.
  • a common mechanism may be provided for jointly operating the additional lens element and the setting of the aperture diaphragm. In some embodiments, however, it will prove advantageous to provide a separate diaphragm aperture which may be operated together with the additional lens element.
  • FIG. la shows an illumination equipment having a large aperture and a small lamp field
  • FIG. lb shows the equipment of FIG. la changed to a small aperture and a large lamp field
  • FIG. 2a shows an illumination equipment-having a small aperture and a large lamp field
  • FIG. 2b shows the equipment of FIG. 2a changed to a large aperture and a small lamp field.
  • FIG. 1a a lamp 1 is imaged by a collector lens 2 through a field diaphragm 3 into the back focal plane 4 of a condenser.
  • the condenser comprises a main'condenser 5 and an auxiliary condenser 6 which may be interpositioned into the light path and withdrawn therefrom as circumstances may require.
  • the condenser images the image of the lamp 1 into infinity:
  • the condenser forms an image of the field diaphragm 3 in the object I withdrawing the auxiliary condenser 6 the back focal plane 4 of the condenser has been shifted to the back focal plane 4 of the main condenser 5.
  • the lamp 1 is now imaged into this back focal plane 4' by the additional lens element 9 in combination with the collector lens 2. Consequently, the image of the lamp 1 formed by the main condenser S is again produced in infinity.
  • the additional lens element 9 is so designed that a sharp picture of the field diaphragm 3 appears again in the object plane 7.
  • the aperture diaphragm 8 can now no longer be used for regulating the aperture since a closing of this diaphragm would also influence the path of the illuminating light rays.
  • a new aperture diaphragm 8' has to be introduced into the back focal plane 4'.
  • the new aperture diaphragm 8' is rigidly coupled to the additional lens element 9 for joint introduction and withdrawal.
  • FIG. 2a shows an illumination equipment which has a large lamp field and a small aperture.
  • the reference symbols used here are the same as used in connection with the FIGS. la and lb.
  • the equipment can be changed to one having a small lamp field and an enlargedaperture by inserting into the light path an additional lens element 9' together with an auxiliary condenser 6 by means of a common rod 10'.
  • Introduction of the auxiliary condenser 6 displaces the back focal plane 4 of the condenser system in the direction towards the main condenser 5 to a new position 4.
  • the refractive power of the additional lens 9' must be negative so that the lamp 1 is again imaged in the focal plane.
  • FIG. 2b shows the equipment of FIG. 2a with the auxiliary condenser and the additional lens element in the light path.
  • the aperture diaphragm 8 the same conditions prevail as have already been described in connection with the FIGS. la and 1b.
  • the new diaphragm 8 is also connected to the rod 10'.
  • the illumination equipment may be adjustable in its aperture to a greater number of microscopes by using a plurality of auxiliary condensers and additional lens elements arranged in pairs, for example, on coupled rotating turret plates.
  • movable members in the described embodiments are illustrated as being mechanically connected to one another it is quite possible to insert and withdraw these members independently. It will then be advantageous to provide indicating means, for example colored markings, for showing when the proper position of the additional lens element and the diaphragm is obtained which corresponds to a desired change of the condenser aperture.
  • a fixedly mounted collector lens arranged adjacent said stationary lamp along said optical axis;
  • a field diaphragm located along said optical axis through which the light from said collector lens passes;
  • a fixedly mounted main condenser lens located along said optical axis through which the light from said aperture diaphragm passes;
  • an auxiliary condenser lens selectively located along said optical axis through which the light from said main condenser lens passes, said main condenser lens and said auxiliary condenser lens projecting an image of said field diaphragm into an object plane located along said optical axis and having a back focal plane coincident with said aperture diaphragm for adapting said aperture diaphragm to an aperture of a microscope objective;
  • an additional collecting lens element selectively located along said axis in the light path between said field diaphragm and said main condenser for maintaining positions of images of said field diaphragm and of said lamp in relationship to said selective location of said auxiliary condenser lens;
  • said means for alternatively inserting is a pivoted rod having a first end connected to said auxiliary condenser lens and a second end connected to said additional lens

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)

Abstract

In an illumination equipment for microscopes comprising among other elements a lamp, a lamp aperture and an auxiliary condenser lens which may interpositioned into the light path in addition to a stationary main condenser for varying the aperture of the equipment the improvement comprises a lens element which is inserted into and/or withdrawn from the light path upon interpositioning the auxiliary condenser lens. It is thereby achieved that the position of the image of both the lamp and the lamp aperture remains stationary when the aperture of the equipment is varied, thus eliminating the necessity for refocusing the image of the lamp aperture into the object plane and the image of the lamp into infinity.

Description

United States Patent [191 Stankewitz ILLUMINATION EQUIPMENT FOR MICROSCOPES [75] inventor: Hans-Wemer Stankewitz, Steindorf,
Germany [73] Assignee: Ernst Leitz GmbH, Wetzlar,
Germany [22] Filed: Mar. 30, 1972 I21] Appi. No.: 239,671
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Apr. 5, 1971 Germany 2116625 [52] US. Cl. 350/87, 350/38 [51] Int. Cl. G02b 21/08 [58] Field of Search 350/8789,
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,137,761 6/1964 Conradi et a1. 350/87 3,679,287 7/1972 Takahashi et al 350/87 Mar. 26, 1974 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,147,715 4/1969 Great Britain 350/87 Primary Examiner-David H. Rubin Attorney, Agent, or FirmKrafft 8L Wells [57] ABSTRACT in an illumination equipment for microscopes comprising among other elements a lamp, a lamp aperture and an auxiliary condenser lens which may interpositioned into the light path in addition to a stationary main condenser for varying the aperture of the equipment the improvement comprises a lens element which is inserted into and/or withdrawn from the light path upon interpositioning the auxiliary condenser lens. It is thereby achieved that the position of the image of both the lamp and the lamp aperture remains stationary when the aperture of the equipment is varied, thus eliminating the necessity for refocusing the image of the lamp aperture into the object plane and the image of the lamp into infinity.
2 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures ILLUMINATION EQUIPMENT FOR MICROSCOPES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an illumination equipment as used with microscopes.
It is well known in the art that in a microscope the illumination must be adapted to the object used, at least as far as the condenser aperture and the field of illumination is concerned. Adaptation is usually accomplished by exchanging the condensers as a whole which are adjusted to the various objectives, or by introducing different auxiliary condenser lenses into the light path in addition to a stationary main condenser. The introduced auxiliary lenses change the focal length of the condenser as a whole. As a consequence thereof the image of the lamp diaphragm must be refocused into the object plane. This is done either by displacing the main condenser along the optical axis or by interpositioning a further lens element underneath the main condenser, whereby the back focal plane is displaced. However, both ways result in a variation of the position of the lamp image if the collector lens, which is usually arranged in front of the lamp, is stationary. Only by displacing the collector lens also, this variation can be eliminated.
Therefore, in the known illumination devices either the main condenser and the collector lens have to be displaceable along the optical axis or the main condenser may be stationary and only the collector lens is displaceable while the proper imaging of the lamp diaphragm is achieved by introducing an auxiliary condenser lens.
These additional measures must be performed by the operator and require a considerable skill. If, on the other hand, these measures are automatically coupled with the exchange movement of the condenser great technical difficulties must be overcome.
It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an illumination equipment comprising an additional auxiliary condenser lens wherein the image of the lamp diaphragm and the image of the lamp remain properly positioned when the condenser is adapted to a different objective.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above stated object is attained by introducing an additional lens element between the collector and the main condenser which lens element keeps the location of the images of the lamp diaphragm and the lamp stationary when the condenser aperture is varied by interpositioning or withdrawing the auxiliary condenser lens.
The additional lens element and the auxiliary condenser lens may be operated by a common mechanism. Likewise a common mechanism may be provided for jointly operating the additional lens element and the setting of the aperture diaphragm. In some embodiments, however, it will prove advantageous to provide a separate diaphragm aperture which may be operated together with the additional lens element.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will be more readily comprehended from the following description when taken in conjunction with the appended drawings, wherein:
FIG. la shows an illumination equipment having a large aperture and a small lamp field,
FIG. lb shows the equipment of FIG. la changed to a small aperture and a large lamp field,
FIG. 2a shows an illumination equipment-having a small aperture and a large lamp field, and
FIG. 2b shows the equipment of FIG. 2a changed to a large aperture and a small lamp field.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, in FIG. 1a a lamp 1 is imaged by a collector lens 2 through a field diaphragm 3 into the back focal plane 4 of a condenser. The condenser comprises a main'condenser 5 and an auxiliary condenser 6 which may be interpositioned into the light path and withdrawn therefrom as circumstances may require. The condenser images the image of the lamp 1 into infinity: Besides, the condenser forms an image of the field diaphragm 3 in the object I withdrawing the auxiliary condenser 6 the back focal plane 4 of the condenser has been shifted to the back focal plane 4 of the main condenser 5. The lamp 1 is now imaged into this back focal plane 4' by the additional lens element 9 in combination with the collector lens 2. Consequently, the image of the lamp 1 formed by the main condenser S is again produced in infinity. At the same time the additional lens element 9 is so designed that a sharp picture of the field diaphragm 3 appears again in the object plane 7.
However, the aperture diaphragm 8 can now no longer be used for regulating the aperture since a closing of this diaphragm would also influence the path of the illuminating light rays. In order to utilize the en larged lamp field to its full extent it will be advantageous to open the aperture diaphragm when the additional lens element 9 is introduced. This can be accomplished automatically by means of a mechanical connection not shown for sake of clarity and simplicity of the drawings. At the same time, a new aperture diaphragm 8' has to be introduced into the back focal plane 4'. In the illustrated embodiment the new aperture diaphragm 8' is rigidly coupled to the additional lens element 9 for joint introduction and withdrawal.
Because of the influence which the additional lens element 9 has on the forming of the image of the lamp 1 it will be advisable to include the lens 9 into the calculation when computing the state of correction of the effective condenser.
FIG. 2a shows an illumination equipment which has a large lamp field and a small aperture. The reference symbols used here are the same as used in connection with the FIGS. la and lb. The equipment can be changed to one having a small lamp field and an enlargedaperture by inserting into the light path an additional lens element 9' together with an auxiliary condenser 6 by means of a common rod 10'. Introduction of the auxiliary condenser 6 displaces the back focal plane 4 of the condenser system in the direction towards the main condenser 5 to a new position 4.
Therefore, the refractive power of the additional lens 9' must be negative so that the lamp 1 is again imaged in the focal plane.
FIG. 2b shows the equipment of FIG. 2a with the auxiliary condenser and the additional lens element in the light path. With regard to the aperture diaphragm 8 the same conditions prevail as have already been described in connection with the FIGS. la and 1b. The new diaphragm 8 is also connected to the rod 10'. The illumination equipment may be adjustable in its aperture to a greater number of microscopes by using a plurality of auxiliary condensers and additional lens elements arranged in pairs, for example, on coupled rotating turret plates.
Although the movable members in the described embodiments are illustrated as being mechanically connected to one another it is quite possible to insert and withdraw these members independently. It will then be advantageous to provide indicating means, for example colored markings, for showing when the proper position of the additional lens element and the diaphragm is obtained which corresponds to a desired change of the condenser aperture.
What is claimed is:
l. Illumination equipment for microscopes having:
a stationary lamp projecting light having an optical axis;
a fixedly mounted collector lens arranged adjacent said stationary lamp along said optical axis;
a field diaphragm located along said optical axis through which the light from said collector lens passes;
a fixedly mounted aperture diaphragm located along said optical axis through which the light from said field diaphragm passes;
a fixedly mounted main condenser lens located along said optical axis through which the light from said aperture diaphragm passes;
an auxiliary condenser lens selectively located along said optical axis through which the light from said main condenser lens passes, said main condenser lens and said auxiliary condenser lens projecting an image of said field diaphragm into an object plane located along said optical axis and having a back focal plane coincident with said aperture diaphragm for adapting said aperture diaphragm to an aperture of a microscope objective;
an additional collecting lens element selectively located along said axis in the light path between said field diaphragm and said main condenser for maintaining positions of images of said field diaphragm and of said lamp in relationship to said selective location of said auxiliary condenser lens;
an additional aperture diaphragm selectively located along said optical axis through which the light from said additional collecting lens element passes; and
means for alternatively inserting said auxiliary condenser lens and said additional lens element coupled with said additional aperture diaphragm into said optical axis.
2. The illumination equipment of claim 1, wherein said means for alternatively inserting is a pivoted rod having a first end connected to said auxiliary condenser lens and a second end connected to said additional lens

Claims (2)

1. Illumination equipment for microscopes having: a stationary lamp projecting light having an optical axis; a fixedly mounted collector lens arranged adjacent said stationary lamp along said optical axis; a field diaphragm located along said optical axis through which the light from said collector lens passes; a fixedly mounted aperture diaphragm located along said optical axis through which the light from said field diaphragm passes; a fixedly mounted main condenser lens located along said optical axis through which the light from said aperture diaphragm passes; an auxiliary condenser lens selectively located along said optical axis through which the light from said main condenser lens passes, said main condenser lens and said auxiliary condenser lens projecting an image of said field diaphragm into an object plane located along said optical axis and having a back focal plane coincident with said aperture diaphragm for adapting said aperture diaphragm to an aperture of a microscope objective; an additional collecting lens element selectively located along said axis in the light path between said field diaphragm and said main condenser for maintaining positions of images of said field diaphragm and of said lamp in relationship to said selective location of said auxiliary condenser lens; an additional aperture diaphragm selectively located along said optical axis through which the light from said additional collecting lens element passes; and means for alternatively inserting said auxiliary condenser lens and said additional lens element coupled with said additional aperture diaphragm into said optical axis.
2. The illumination equipment of claim 1, wherein said means for alternatively inserting is a pivoted rod having a first end connected to said auxiliary condenser lens and a second end connected to said additional lens element and said additional aperture diaphragm.
US00239671A 1971-04-05 1972-03-30 Illumination equipment for microscopes Expired - Lifetime US3799645A (en)

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DE19712116625 DE2116625A1 (en) 1971-04-05 1971-04-05 Lighting device for microscopes

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Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933408A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-01-20 Guido Georg Reinert Microscope-illuminating system
US4063797A (en) * 1974-10-12 1977-12-20 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Transmitted illumination device for microscopes
US4136927A (en) * 1976-06-16 1979-01-30 Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh Universal microscope condenser
US4232937A (en) * 1978-10-16 1980-11-11 American Optical Corporation Bright field-dark field illumination system
US4253726A (en) * 1977-10-21 1981-03-03 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Transmission type illumination equipment for microscopes
US4337991A (en) * 1980-09-29 1982-07-06 Le Materiel Biomedical Light microscope with a plurality of slideways
US4530578A (en) * 1983-05-16 1985-07-23 Nippon Kogaku K. K. Variable magnification observation apparatus
US4807980A (en) * 1987-01-15 1989-02-28 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Universal condenser having only a single turret for a microscope
US5287129A (en) * 1990-11-05 1994-02-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Fundus camera
WO1994007166A1 (en) * 1992-09-19 1994-03-31 Leica Mikroskopie Und Systeme Gmbh Illumination device for microscopes
US5684625A (en) * 1992-09-19 1997-11-04 Leica Mikroskopie Und Systeme Gmbh Illumination device for microscopes
EP0841584A2 (en) * 1996-11-11 1998-05-13 Nikon Corporation Condenser lens system and microscope illuminating optical system
US5777784A (en) * 1993-03-31 1998-07-07 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Reflecting illumination optical system for microscopes
US6657782B2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2003-12-02 Nikon Corporation Microscope episcopic illumination device and microscope therewith
DE102008037482B4 (en) 2008-10-23 2021-07-22 Jörg Piper Method of imaging with a microscope using a condenser

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2644341C2 (en) * 1976-10-01 1984-08-02 Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh, 6330 Wetzlar Process and arrangements for the automatic implementation of Koehler's lighting principle
DE2946927C2 (en) * 1979-11-21 1983-07-07 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Automatic transmitted light illumination for microscopes
DE4231440A1 (en) * 1992-09-19 1994-03-24 Leica Mikroskopie & Syst Universal folding condenser for microscopes

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3137761A (en) * 1954-02-26 1964-06-16 Zeiss Carl Microscope illuminator for large aperture and illumination field ranges
GB1147715A (en) * 1967-05-01 1969-04-02 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Illumination device for microscopes
US3679287A (en) * 1969-12-16 1972-07-25 Nippon Kogaku Kk Illumination system for light microscopes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3137761A (en) * 1954-02-26 1964-06-16 Zeiss Carl Microscope illuminator for large aperture and illumination field ranges
GB1147715A (en) * 1967-05-01 1969-04-02 Zeiss Jena Veb Carl Illumination device for microscopes
US3679287A (en) * 1969-12-16 1972-07-25 Nippon Kogaku Kk Illumination system for light microscopes

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3933408A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-01-20 Guido Georg Reinert Microscope-illuminating system
US4063797A (en) * 1974-10-12 1977-12-20 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Transmitted illumination device for microscopes
US4136927A (en) * 1976-06-16 1979-01-30 Ernst Leitz Wetzlar Gmbh Universal microscope condenser
US4253726A (en) * 1977-10-21 1981-03-03 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Transmission type illumination equipment for microscopes
US4232937A (en) * 1978-10-16 1980-11-11 American Optical Corporation Bright field-dark field illumination system
US4337991A (en) * 1980-09-29 1982-07-06 Le Materiel Biomedical Light microscope with a plurality of slideways
US4530578A (en) * 1983-05-16 1985-07-23 Nippon Kogaku K. K. Variable magnification observation apparatus
US4807980A (en) * 1987-01-15 1989-02-28 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Universal condenser having only a single turret for a microscope
US5287129A (en) * 1990-11-05 1994-02-15 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Fundus camera
WO1994007166A1 (en) * 1992-09-19 1994-03-31 Leica Mikroskopie Und Systeme Gmbh Illumination device for microscopes
US5684625A (en) * 1992-09-19 1997-11-04 Leica Mikroskopie Und Systeme Gmbh Illumination device for microscopes
CN1036616C (en) * 1992-09-19 1997-12-03 莱卡显微及系统有限公司 Illuminative unit for microscope
US5777784A (en) * 1993-03-31 1998-07-07 Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. Reflecting illumination optical system for microscopes
EP0841584A2 (en) * 1996-11-11 1998-05-13 Nikon Corporation Condenser lens system and microscope illuminating optical system
EP0841584A3 (en) * 1996-11-11 1999-11-10 Nikon Corporation Condenser lens system and microscope illuminating optical system
US6657782B2 (en) * 2001-02-26 2003-12-02 Nikon Corporation Microscope episcopic illumination device and microscope therewith
DE102008037482B4 (en) 2008-10-23 2021-07-22 Jörg Piper Method of imaging with a microscope using a condenser

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ATA242372A (en) 1978-02-15
AT346106B (en) 1978-10-25
DE2116625A1 (en) 1972-10-12

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