US3795241A - Electrode for recording bioelectrical properties - Google Patents

Electrode for recording bioelectrical properties Download PDF

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US3795241A
US3795241A US00250168A US3795241DA US3795241A US 3795241 A US3795241 A US 3795241A US 00250168 A US00250168 A US 00250168A US 3795241D A US3795241D A US 3795241DA US 3795241 A US3795241 A US 3795241A
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electrode
contact member
housing
internal cavity
biological object
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US00250168A
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I Golovko
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
    • A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor

Definitions

  • Electrodes for recordlng bioelectrical properties 15 [58] Field f 417 418 disclosed, the electrode comprising a housing having a 128/2 DIG 6 41 v flange which serves to fix the electrode to a surface of v I a biological object, the housing has an internal cavity [56] References Cited accommodating a contact member which is mounted in said cavity for vertical movement by means of a UNITED STATES PATENTS membrane provided with annular undulations. 2,208,023 7/1940 Ellis 128/404 2,318,207 5/1943 Ellis .f.
  • Known electrodes for recording biological properties comprise a housing made of an insulating material having a flange which serves to support the electrode on the surface of a biological object, and an internal cavity accommodating a contact memben'The' contact member is provided with an active part fixed to a rod.
  • the contact member is movable in a direction perpendicular with respect to the support surface of the flange and is urged by means of a resilient member comprising a helical spring.
  • the spring applies an active pressure to the surface of a biological object via the contactmember, said pressure only'negligibly depending upon a force of'application of'the housing to a biological object.
  • a wire lead is connected to the contact member.
  • Some disadvantages of known electrodes are that they have cumbersome and complicated structure. This is due to the fact that during deformation of zones of a biological object under examination in the case, where continuous dynamic tests are to be conducted, arod of the contact member is constrained tomove along the wall of the internal cavity of the housing. The required elimination of misaligment of the rod and of blocking thereof results in a relatively great height of the housing which is necessaryto increase a ratio between the peripheral and the end walls of the rod, respectively. The increased size of the-housing and the rod results, however, in the creation of an additional friction between thesurfaces in contact during the movement of the rod, whereby the formation of electrostatic charges becomes more likely which introduce distortions into the results of the examination.
  • said resilient member comprising a membrane provided with annular undulations, said membrance having outside edges of which are fixed to the walls of the internal cavity of the housing, while the central portion of the membrane is adapted to support the contact member attached thereto.
  • the wall of the housing may be provided with a through lateral hole for accomodating a wire lead fixed to the contact member.
  • the electrode according to the invention ensures relatively stable mechanical contact between the contact member and the integument during spontaneous and positive motions of a biological object, as well as during external mechanical action, due .to the creation of smooth and stable active pressure applied by the contact member relative the base of the housing, whereby comparative result of electrodermatographic examinations can be obtained.
  • the electrode according to the invention is simple in construction,'has smaller size and weight as compared to prior art electrodes and is convenient for use under garment. i
  • an electrode for recording bioelectrical properties comprises a housing -1 (FIG. 1) made of an insulating material, such as rubber.
  • the housing 1 is provided with a flange 2 which is adapted to fix the electrode to 1 a surface of a biological object.
  • the housing 1 defines an internal cavity 3 accommodating a contact member 4, comprising a rod 5, a spherical portion 6 and a fastenir'igtongue 7 by means of which tongue the contact member 4 is connected to a wirelead 8 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • a contact member 4 comprising a rod 5, a spherical portion 6 and a fastenir'igtongue 7 by means of which tongue the contact member 4 is connected to a wirelead 8 (FIGS. 1 and 2).
  • the wall of the housing 1 is provided with a through lateral hole 9 (FIG. 1) to accommodate the wire lead 8.
  • the contact member 4 is movably mounted in the internal cavity 3 by means of a resilient member comprising a membrane 10 made of an elastic material and provided with annular undulations, said membrane being fixed by its outside edges to the walls of the internal cavity 3, whereby the contact member 4 is movable in a'direction perpendicular'with respect to the support surface 11 of the flange 2, said contact member being resiliently urged in this direction.
  • the contact member 4 In the initial position, the contact member 4 extends outside the internal cavity 3 beyond the support surface 11 of the flange. 2.
  • the height of the housing 1 is greater than the height of the contact member 4 by an amount of possible movement of the contact member 4, whereby the electrode may be comfortably used under a garment.
  • the wall of the internal cavity 3 is reinforced by means of a metal ring 12, which in combination with the elastic flange 2 ensures reliable contact between the support surface 11 of the flange 2 and the surface of a biological object and eliminates the possibility of blocking of the spherical portion of the contact member 4 during the deformation of the zone under examination.
  • the contact member 4 with the spherical portion 6, which may be partially filled up with a contact substance, is retracted into the internal cavity 3 at the level of the support surface 1 l. Accordingly, the contact member 4 tends to occupy the initial position, whereby an active pressure is applied by the contact member 4 to the surface of a biological object relative to the housing 1.
  • the degree of stability of the amount of the active pressure applied by the contact member 4 during its movement with respect to the support surface 11 of the flange 2 depends upon the characteristics of the material of the membrane and the ratio between the thickness and the height thereof.
  • the electrode according to the invention When used for recording biocurrents and for measuring the level of electric conductance of the integument in dynamic tests, the electrode according to the invention exhibits high efficiency and ensures comfortable, high-quality and continuous recording of bioelectric properties.
  • the use of the membrane 10 ensures the stability of the amount of contact pressure applied to the integument of the zone under examination due to relative stability of the amount of the active pressure applied by the contact member 4 to the surface of a biological object.
  • the electrode according to the invention has no guides or component parts'in frictional contact threbetween, whereby the possibility of the formation of electrostatic charges and the blocking of the rod 5 of the contact member 4 during the deformation of the zone of a biological object under examination is eliminated.
  • An electrode for attaching to the surface of a biological object to record biological properties thereof comprising:
  • housing means made of an insulating material and having a support surface for supporting said electrode on the surface of said biological object, and an internal cavity with internal walls, said internal cavity communicating exteriorly of said housing means through said supporting surface;
  • a resilient membrane means for providing a resilient force and having outside edges, a central portion and annular undulations, between said central portion and said edges the outside edges of said membrane being fixedly attachedto the internal walls of said cavity;
  • a contact member means attached to the central portion of said resilient membrane means and having an initial position of operationin which it is caused to protrude from said support surface under the resilient force provided by said resilient membrane, said'contact member means being movable in said internal cavity in a direction substantially perpendicular to said support surface, so that when said electrode is attached to the surface of said biological object, said contact member means moves inwardly of said cavity while being continuously urged to adopt said initial position, and means for connecting said electrode to an external device for recording biological properties.
  • said external connecting means comprises an exterior wire lead connected to said contact member means through a lateral hole provided in said housing means, said lateral hole communicating said internal cavity exteriorly of said housing means.

Abstract

An electrode for recording bioelectrical properties is disclosed, the electrode comprising a housing having a flange which serves to fix the electrode to a surface of a biological object, the housing has an internal cavity accommodating a contact member which is mounted in said cavity for vertical movement by means of a membrane provided with annular undulations.

Description

United StatesPatent [a zz ///////A% 1 5 Golovko Mar. 5, 1974 [54] ELECTRODE FOR RECQRDING 3,294,084 l2/l966 Schulcr ct a]. 128/206 E BIOELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 3,534,733 10/1970 Phipps 3,545,432 l2/l970 Bcrman 128/DIG. 4 [76] Inventor: lgor Fedorovich Gol0vk0,
Profsojuznaya ul., 3, korpus 3, kv. FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS ow, R 960,656 3 1957 Denmark 124 404 Filed M8314 9'72 l,535,432 7/]968 Franco l28/4l8 1 PP: N93 250,168 Primary ExaminerRichard A. Gaudct 7 Assistant ExaminerLee S. Cohen [30'] Foreign Appficafion p i i Data Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Holman and Stern May 13, 197i U.S.S.R 1660558 [57] ABSTRACT 52 U.S. Cl. 128 2.06 E 128 DIG. 4 Int CL A6,") 5/04 An electrode for recordlng bioelectrical properties 15 [58] Field f 417 418 disclosed, the electrode comprising a housing having a 128/2 DIG 6 41 v flange which serves to fix the electrode to a surface of v I a biological object, the housing has an internal cavity [56] References Cited accommodating a contact member which is mounted in said cavity for vertical movement by means of a UNITED STATES PATENTS membrane provided with annular undulations. 2,208,023 7/1940 Ellis 128/404 2,318,207 5/1943 Ellis .f. 128/418 2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures ELECTRODE FOR RECORDING BIOELECTRICAIJ PROPERTIES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION trodes to the surface of a biological object under examination taking into account the relationship between the level of electric conductance of the integument and the amount of pressure applied by the electrode to the surface thereof.
Known electrodes for recording biological properties comprise a housing made of an insulating material having a flange which serves to support the electrode on the surface of a biological object, and an internal cavity accommodating a contact memben'The' contact member is provided with an active part fixed to a rod. The contact member is movable in a direction perpendicular with respect to the support surface of the flange and is urged by means of a resilient member comprising a helical spring. In operation of'the electrode, the spring applies an active pressure to the surface of a biological object via the contactmember, said pressure only'negligibly depending upon a force of'application of'the housing to a biological object. A wire lead is connected to the contact member.
Some disadvantages of known electrodes are that they have cumbersome and complicated structure. This is due to the fact that during deformation of zones of a biological object under examination in the case, where continuous dynamic tests are to be conducted, arod of the contact member is constrained tomove along the wall of the internal cavity of the housing. The required elimination of misalignement of the rod and of blocking thereof results in a relatively great height of the housing which is necessaryto increase a ratio between the peripheral and the end walls of the rod, respectively. The increased size of the-housing and the rod results, however, in the creation of an additional friction between thesurfaces in contact during the movement of the rod, whereby the formation of electrostatic charges becomes more likely which introduce distortions into the results of the examination.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrode for recording bioelectrical properties which ensures reliable mechanical contact between a contact member and a surface of a biological object and which' provides the elimination of blocking ofa contact member rod during the movement of the latter under deformation of the zone under examination, while having.
tion substantially perpendicular with respect to a support surface'of the flange and urged in this direction by means of a resilient member, said resilient member according to the invention comprising a membrane provided with annular undulations, said membrance having outside edges of which are fixed to the walls of the internal cavity of the housing, while the central portion of the membrane is adapted to support the contact member attached thereto.
The wall of the housing may be provided with a through lateral hole for accomodating a wire lead fixed to the contact member.
The electrode according to the invention ensures relatively stable mechanical contact between the contact member and the integument during spontaneous and positive motions of a biological object, as well as during external mechanical action, due .to the creation of smooth and stable active pressure applied by the contact member relative the base of the housing, whereby comparative result of electrodermatographic examinations can be obtained.
The absence of any guides and other component parts in frictional contact therebetween eliminates the possibility of blocking of the contact member and the formation of electrostatic charges.
The electrode according to the invention is simple in construction,'has smaller size and weight as compared to prior art electrodes and is convenient for use under garment. i
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT vAn electrode for recording bioelectrical properties comprises a housing -1 (FIG. 1) made of an insulating material, such as rubber. The housing 1 is provided with a flange 2 which is adapted to fix the electrode to 1 a surface of a biological object.
The housing 1 defines an internal cavity 3 accommodating a contact member 4, comprising a rod 5, a spherical portion 6 and a fastenir'igtongue 7 by means of which tongue the contact member 4 is connected to a wirelead 8 (FIGS. 1 and 2). In order to ensure more a reliable and compact structure, the wall of the housing 1 is provided with a through lateral hole 9 (FIG. 1) to accommodate the wire lead 8.
The contact member 4 is movably mounted in the internal cavity 3 by means of a resilient member comprising a membrane 10 made of an elastic material and provided with annular undulations, said membrane being fixed by its outside edges to the walls of the internal cavity 3, whereby the contact member 4 is movable in a'direction perpendicular'with respect to the support surface 11 of the flange 2, said contact member being resiliently urged in this direction. In the initial position, the contact member 4 extends outside the internal cavity 3 beyond the support surface 11 of the flange. 2.
The height of the housing 1 is greater than the height of the contact member 4 by an amount of possible movement of the contact member 4, whereby the electrode may be comfortably used under a garment.
The wall of the internal cavity 3 is reinforced by means of a metal ring 12, which in combination with the elastic flange 2 ensures reliable contact between the support surface 11 of the flange 2 and the surface of a biological object and eliminates the possibility of blocking of the spherical portion of the contact member 4 during the deformation of the zone under examination.
When the support surface 11 of the flange 2 is adhesively fixed to the surface ofa biological object, e.g., by means of collodian glue, the contact member 4 with the spherical portion 6, which may be partially filled up with a contact substance, is retracted into the internal cavity 3 at the level of the support surface 1 l. Accordingly, the contact member 4 tends to occupy the initial position, whereby an active pressure is applied by the contact member 4 to the surface of a biological object relative to the housing 1. The degree of stability of the amount of the active pressure applied by the contact member 4 during its movement with respect to the support surface 11 of the flange 2 depends upon the characteristics of the material of the membrane and the ratio between the thickness and the height thereof.
When used for recording biocurrents and for measuring the level of electric conductance of the integument in dynamic tests, the electrode according to the invention exhibits high efficiency and ensures comfortable, high-quality and continuous recording of bioelectric properties.
The use of the membrane 10 ensures the stability of the amount of contact pressure applied to the integument of the zone under examination due to relative stability of the amount of the active pressure applied by the contact member 4 to the surface of a biological object.
The electrode according to the invention has no guides or component parts'in frictional contact threbetween, whereby the possibility of the formation of electrostatic charges and the blocking of the rod 5 of the contact member 4 during the deformation of the zone of a biological object under examination is eliminated.
What is claimed is:
1. An electrode for attaching to the surface of a biological object to record biological properties thereof and comprising:
housing means made of an insulating material and having a support surface for supporting said electrode on the surface of said biological object, and an internal cavity with internal walls, said internal cavity communicating exteriorly of said housing means through said supporting surface;
a resilient membrane means for providing a resilient force and having outside edges, a central portion and annular undulations, between said central portion and said edges the outside edges of said membrane being fixedly attachedto the internal walls of said cavity;
a contact member means attached to the central portion of said resilient membrane means and having an initial position of operationin which it is caused to protrude from said support surface under the resilient force provided by said resilient membrane, said'contact member means being movable in said internal cavity in a direction substantially perpendicular to said support surface, so that when said electrode is attached to the surface of said biological object, said contact member means moves inwardly of said cavity while being continuously urged to adopt said initial position, and means for connecting said electrode to an external device for recording biological properties.
2. An electrode as claimed in claim 1, wherein said external connecting means comprises an exterior wire lead connected to said contact member means through a lateral hole provided in said housing means, said lateral hole communicating said internal cavity exteriorly of said housing means.

Claims (2)

1. An electrode for attaching to the surface of a biological object to record biological properties thereof and comprising: housing means made of an insulating material and having a support surface for supporting said electrode on the surface of said biological object, and an internal cavity with internal walls, said internal cavity communicating exteriorly of said housing means through said supporting surface; a resilient membrane means for providing a resilient force and having outside edges, a central portion and annular undulations, between said central portion and said edges the outside edges of said membrane being fixedly attached to the internal walls of said cavity; a contact member means attached to the central portion of said resilient membrane means and having an initial position of operation in which it is caused to protrude from said support surface under the resilient force provided by said resilient membrane, said contact member means being movable in said internal cavity in a direction substantially perpendicular to said support surface, so that when said electrode is attached to the surface of said biological object, said contact member means moves inwardly of said cavity while being continuously urged to adopt said initial position, and means for connecting said electrode to an external device for recording biological properties.
2. An electrode as claimed in claim 1, wherein said external connecting means comprises an exterior wire lead connected to said contact member means through a lateral hole provided in said housing means, said lateral hole communicating said internal cavity exteriorly of said housing means.
US00250168A 1971-05-13 1972-05-04 Electrode for recording bioelectrical properties Expired - Lifetime US3795241A (en)

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SU1660558A SU392643A1 (en) 1971-05-13 1971-05-13 ELECTRODE FOR REGISTRATION OF BIOELECTRIC

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JP (1) JPS5319864B2 (en)
CA (1) CA998114A (en)
DE (1) DE2223017A1 (en)
DK (1) DK130046B (en)
FR (1) FR2139371A5 (en)
GB (1) GB1351566A (en)
SE (1) SE377657B (en)
SU (1) SU392643A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967628A (en) * 1974-02-21 1976-07-06 U.S. Philips Corporation Skin electrode
US3973557A (en) * 1975-04-21 1976-08-10 Allison Kenneth C Electrode
US4137909A (en) * 1977-08-01 1979-02-06 Ndm Corporation Medical electrode
US5070888A (en) * 1985-09-26 1991-12-10 The Hon Group External uterine contraction monitoring device
US20130066185A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Cognionics, Inc. Apparatuses, systems and methods for reducing motion artifacts in biopotential electrodes
US20140107458A1 (en) * 2011-05-18 2014-04-17 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, KU LEUVEN R&D Resilient Sensor for Biopotential Measurements
US20150141790A1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-05-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sensor instrument
JP2017524413A (en) * 2014-07-03 2017-08-31 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェＫｏｎｉｎｋｌｉｊｋｅ Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ Ｎ．Ｖ． Medical electrode
WO2021260212A1 (en) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-30 Unit 9 Limited Eeg sensor, assembly including an eeg sensor and method of manufacture
US11253203B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2022-02-22 Chang-Ming Yang Object, method, and system for detecting heartbeat or whether or not electrodes are in proper contact

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5256488U (en) * 1975-10-21 1977-04-23
JPS5549762Y2 (en) * 1975-10-21 1980-11-20

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2208023A (en) * 1937-08-21 1940-07-16 Francis C Ellis Electrode
US2318207A (en) * 1941-04-07 1943-05-04 Francis C Ellis Electrode
US3294084A (en) * 1964-05-14 1966-12-27 Ca Nat Research Council Potential measuring and display apparatus, especially for electrocardiographic or like use
FR1535432A (en) * 1964-04-16 1968-08-09 examination or biological treatment electrodes
US3534733A (en) * 1968-01-10 1970-10-20 Us Navy Spring-loaded suction cup-type biomedical instrumentation electrode
US3545432A (en) * 1967-07-24 1970-12-08 Gulton Ind Inc Body electrode assembly

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2208023A (en) * 1937-08-21 1940-07-16 Francis C Ellis Electrode
US2318207A (en) * 1941-04-07 1943-05-04 Francis C Ellis Electrode
FR1535432A (en) * 1964-04-16 1968-08-09 examination or biological treatment electrodes
US3294084A (en) * 1964-05-14 1966-12-27 Ca Nat Research Council Potential measuring and display apparatus, especially for electrocardiographic or like use
US3545432A (en) * 1967-07-24 1970-12-08 Gulton Ind Inc Body electrode assembly
US3534733A (en) * 1968-01-10 1970-10-20 Us Navy Spring-loaded suction cup-type biomedical instrumentation electrode

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3967628A (en) * 1974-02-21 1976-07-06 U.S. Philips Corporation Skin electrode
US3973557A (en) * 1975-04-21 1976-08-10 Allison Kenneth C Electrode
US4137909A (en) * 1977-08-01 1979-02-06 Ndm Corporation Medical electrode
US5070888A (en) * 1985-09-26 1991-12-10 The Hon Group External uterine contraction monitoring device
US20140107458A1 (en) * 2011-05-18 2014-04-17 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, KU LEUVEN R&D Resilient Sensor for Biopotential Measurements
US20130066185A1 (en) * 2011-09-08 2013-03-14 Cognionics, Inc. Apparatuses, systems and methods for reducing motion artifacts in biopotential electrodes
US11253203B2 (en) 2011-11-25 2022-02-22 Chang-Ming Yang Object, method, and system for detecting heartbeat or whether or not electrodes are in proper contact
US20150141790A1 (en) * 2013-11-18 2015-05-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sensor instrument
US9706936B2 (en) * 2013-11-18 2017-07-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sensor instrument
JP2017524413A (en) * 2014-07-03 2017-08-31 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェＫｏｎｉｎｋｌｉｊｋｅ Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ Ｎ．Ｖ． Medical electrode
WO2021260212A1 (en) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-30 Unit 9 Limited Eeg sensor, assembly including an eeg sensor and method of manufacture

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Publication number Publication date
FR2139371A5 (en) 1973-01-05
JPS4922785A (en) 1974-02-28
SU392643A1 (en) 1974-01-15
DE2223017A1 (en) 1972-11-16
DK130046B (en) 1974-12-16
GB1351566A (en) 1974-05-01
JPS5319864B2 (en) 1978-06-23
DK130046C (en) 1975-06-02
SE377657B (en) 1975-07-21
CA998114A (en) 1976-10-05

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