US3757794A - Temporary power supply for a heart-stimulating device - Google Patents

Temporary power supply for a heart-stimulating device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3757794A
US3757794A US00173091A US3757794DA US3757794A US 3757794 A US3757794 A US 3757794A US 00173091 A US00173091 A US 00173091A US 3757794D A US3757794D A US 3757794DA US 3757794 A US3757794 A US 3757794A
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Prior art keywords
battery
heart
removable battery
removable
voltage
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US00173091A
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R Cannon
H Goldberg
S Thaler
R Daynard
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American Optical Corp
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American Optical Corp
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Assigned to COOK PACEMAKER CORPORATION reassignment COOK PACEMAKER CORPORATION LICENSE (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE 03/27/81 Assignors: ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G1/00—Hand manipulated computing devices
    • G06G1/0005—Hand manipulated computing devices characterised by a specific application
    • G06G1/0052—Hand manipulated computing devices characterised by a specific application for air navigation or sea navigation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/372—Arrangements in connection with the implantation of stimulators
    • A61N1/378—Electrical supply

Definitions

  • Prior art relates to the electro-medical area of external heart pacing.
  • a typical prior art heart-stimulating device is arranged external to a patient and electrodes are implanted within the patient in contact with the heart.
  • the patient is hospitalized, and may be electrically connected to other monitoring, and/or stimulating electronic devices.
  • other monitoring, and/or stimulating electronic devices There is a possibility, when several electronic devices are simultaneously connected to the same patient, that the patient may be accidentally electrically shocked. It is thus desirable to have the heart-stimulating device electrically isolated from the other power sources.
  • One way of isolating the heart-stimulators power supply is to use a battery, and a battery normally is used in the prior art to supply power. This isplausible for several reasons including the fact that a heartstimulating device typically does not draw a large amount of current. Thus batteries are operable for reasonable periods before replacement is necessary.
  • the patient being stimulated by this device is in most cases a seriously ill patient. His heart is ordinarily in an irritated and weakened condition. It is advantageous to the patient to have the pacing function maintained with as much continuity as possible.
  • the heart may stop beating. This can be dangerous to a heart that is already in a weakened and irritated condition.
  • the external heart-stimulating device is usually mountedlon the patient himself, i.e.: on the patientarm.
  • the heart-stimulating device is designed to be as small in physical size as is reasonably possible.
  • Certain prior art discloses a bulky device.
  • the prior art utilizes a dual battery chamber.
  • a fresh battery can be inserted when the old battery is still in place.
  • One disadvantage of this double battery system is that there is unused extra space available for the fresh battery. There is always one chamber that is usually empty.
  • the present invention solves this problem.
  • the dual battery system requires a nurse to be specially trained in order to make proper use of the system. For example, the nurse may erroneously remove the depleted battery prior to the inserting the fresh battery. This would result in the same interruption in pacer capability that is experienced in the above-described prior art.
  • Means for delivering power in the present invention to the pacer is an automatic feature and requires no special preparation. Immediately upon removal of the depleted battery, means for providing or maintaining power to the stimulating device automatically becomes operable.
  • the invention comprises a device that maintains power to heart-stimulating apparatus during the time of battery interchange.
  • An illustrative embodiment includes a capacitor circuit in parallel with the battery supply.
  • the battery supply may comprise a series of cells.
  • the capacitor circuit is permanently connected to the hearbstimulating circuitry.
  • the battery is electrically connected in parallel with the capacitor circuitry, but is physically removable.
  • the capacitor acts as the power supply.
  • the capacitor maintains sufficient voltage for an adequate amount of time, to allow the pacer to continue to be powered while the fresh battery is being readied for insertion into the available terminals.
  • the capacitor is charged up to a new level established by the voltage level of the freshbattery.
  • the capacitor maintains a level equal to the voltage of the fresh battery for the life of that battery.
  • the capacitor again provides a simulated power supply function when the socalled fresh battery is depleted and: replaced by yet another battery.
  • a capacitor such as that used in the present invention, is much smaller than a second battery chamber of the prior art, .and therefore provides a much smaller overall package. This makes a more convenient adaptation to a patients arm or other ambulatory place.
  • pacer circuitry 14 is connected by electrodes 19 and 20 to heart 15 of a patient (not shown).
  • the pacer circuitry is arranged to provide stimulation to heart 15, and in the case of a demand pacer, pacer circuitry 14 is arranged to sense a natural heartbeat and provide stimulation to heart 15 only in the absence of a natural heartbeat.
  • Circuitry of this type may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,528,428 assigned to the same assignee as that of the present invention, and the disclosure of U.S. Pat. 3,528,428 is incorporated herein by reference.
  • Battery 10 is a single battery or can be a plurality of single cells connected in series. it is in parallel connection with capacitor 13.
  • the dashed line associated with battery is intended to indicate that no fixed number of cells is necessary.
  • Battery 10 is sometimes referred to herein as batteries 10.
  • Terminals 11 and 12 represent a connection between permanent circuitry to the right of the terminals and the removable battery to the left of the terminals.
  • Capacitor 13 is permanently connected with pacer circuitry 14.
  • Terminals 11 and 12 are intended to indicate that batteries 10 can be easily removed and replaced by fresh batteries.
  • FIG. 1 of the above incorporated-by-reference patent the reader is referred to the junction between batteries-3 and 5 and the junction between batteries 5 and 7 which are used for certain biasing arrangements.
  • these biasing requirements have been satisfied in other ways, thereby eliminating the need for individual cells.
  • These improvements have been incorporated into a particular external pacer, so that a single battery suffices.
  • other capacitors can be arranged, if necessary, between a particular cell and ground to provide temporary biasing to various points in the pacer circuitry. This temporary biasing would be provided in a manner similar to the way in which capacitor 13 provides temporary power to the overall circuitry.
  • capacitor 13 senses voltage of battery 10. Upon removal of battery 10, capacitor 13, is
  • Capacitor 13 in an illustrative embodiment is chosen to be in the neighborhood of microfarads with 25 volts breakdown voltage. This is a typical size for the job required and is not large physically. Of course, larger or smaller sized capacitances can be used.
  • an improved external heart-stimulating device which includes electrode meas for connection to the heart of a patient, pulse generator means for generating heart stimulating impulses on said electrode means, at least one removable battery for powering said device, and non-removable battery-output terminals for conducting output from said at least one removable battery to said device, the improvement comprising capacitive means permanently connected to said battery-output terminals for charging in response to the voltage of said at least one removable battery, said capacitive means providing temporary voltage to said device initially at a final voltage level of said at least one removable battery when said at least one removable battery is removed, said capacitive means decreasing said temporary voltage from said final voltage level and maintaining said temporary voltage above a minimum voltage level during a predetermined time.
  • said at least one removable battery includes a plurality of single cells connected in series, where at least one cell of said plurality is removable.

Abstract

A temporary power supply for a heart-stimulating device. Apparatus is disclosed that provides temporary power to a battery-powered pacer during the time of battery replacement. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, a capacitor circuit is used for this purpose.

Description

United States Patent Cannon et al.
1 1 Sept. 11, 1973 TEMPORARY POWER SUPPLY FOR A HEART-STIMULATING DEVICE Inventors: Robert L. Cannon, Waltham;
Herbert E. Goldberg, Concord; Sherwood S. Thaler, Lexington; Richard F. Daynard, Chelmsford, all of Mass.
Assignee: American Optical Corporation,
Southbridge, Mass.
Filed: Aug. 19, 1971 Appl. No.: 173,091
US. Cl 128/419 P, 128/421 Int. Cl A61m l/36 Field of Search 128/419 P, 419 R,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1971 Murphy, .lr. 128/419 P Greatbatch 128/419 P Pucete et al 128/419 P FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 225,033 10/1959 Australia 128/419 R Primary Examiner-William E. Kanim Attorney-William C. Nealon et al.
3 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure l9 heart stlmulatmg 1 device or heart pacer CITCUIII' PAIENIEBsm I ma 7 794 INVENTORS Robert L. Cannon Herbert E. Goldberg Sherwood S. Tholar Rwhord F. Doynord TEMPORARY POWER SUPPLY FOR A HEART-STIMULATING DEVICE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates in general to electro-rnedical devices for stimulating physiological functions, and more particularly relates to apparatus for temporarily powering an external, battery-operated, heartstimulating device during the time of battery interchange or replacement.
2. Description of Prior Art Prior art relates to the electro-medical area of external heart pacing. A typical prior art heart-stimulating device is arranged external to a patient and electrodes are implanted within the patient in contact with the heart.
Ordinarily, the patient is hospitalized, and may be electrically connected to other monitoring, and/or stimulating electronic devices. There is a possibility, when several electronic devices are simultaneously connected to the same patient, that the patient may be accidentally electrically shocked. It is thus desirable to have the heart-stimulating device electrically isolated from the other power sources.
One way of isolating the heart-stimulators power supply is to use a battery, and a battery normally is used in the prior art to supply power. This isplausible for several reasons including the fact that a heartstimulating device typically does not draw a large amount of current. Thus batteries are operable for reasonable periods before replacement is necessary.
A problem arises in most prior art when the battery must be replaced. The patient being stimulated by this device is in most cases a seriously ill patient. His heart is ordinarily in an irritated and weakened condition. It is advantageous to the patient to have the pacing function maintained with as much continuity as possible. During the interchange of batteries, if the heart is being stimulated and if there is not means provided for maintaining power to the heart-stimulating device, the heart may stop beating. This can be dangerous to a heart that is already in a weakened and irritated condition.
In the past, battery-powered external pacers did not have a capability of maintaining power and hence pacing function during battery replacement. One battery was removed from the terminals supplying power to the pacer circuitry and then a fresh battery was inserted therefor. This resulted in loss of both power and possible pacing during the time of battery interchange. It also resulted in possible undesirable transient conditions when the new battery was inserted. The present invention solves this prior art problem.
The external heart-stimulating device is usually mountedlon the patient himself, i.e.: on the patientarm. Thus, for reasons of comfort and mobility, the heart-stimulating device is designed to be as small in physical size as is reasonably possible.
Certain prior art discloses a bulky device. The prior art utilizes a dual battery chamber. In this arrangement, a fresh battery can be inserted when the old battery is still in place. One disadvantage of this double battery system is that there is unused extra space available for the fresh battery. There is always one chamber that is usually empty. The present invention solves this problem. Also, the dual battery system requires a nurse to be specially trained in order to make proper use of the system. For example, the nurse may erroneously remove the depleted battery prior to the inserting the fresh battery. This would result in the same interruption in pacer capability that is experienced in the above-described prior art.
By comparison, the present invention does not permit this adverse possibility to occur. Means for delivering power in the present invention to the pacer is an automatic feature and requires no special preparation. Immediately upon removal of the depleted battery, means for providing or maintaining power to the stimulating device automatically becomes operable.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention comprises a device that maintains power to heart-stimulating apparatus during the time of battery interchange. An illustrative embodiment includes a capacitor circuit in parallel with the battery supply. The battery supply may comprise a series of cells. The capacitor circuit is permanently connected to the hearbstimulating circuitry. The battery is electrically connected in parallel with the capacitor circuitry, but is physically removable. Upon removing the battery from the terminals in which it is connected, the capacitor acts as the power supply. The capacitor maintains sufficient voltage for an adequate amount of time, to allow the pacer to continue to be powered while the fresh battery is being readied for insertion into the available terminals. After insertion of the fresh battery, the capacitor is charged up to a new level established by the voltage level of the freshbattery. The capacitor maintains a level equal to the voltage of the fresh battery for the life of that battery. The capacitor again provides a simulated power supply function when the socalled fresh battery is depleted and: replaced by yet another battery.
There are several advantages to our invention. For example, in addition to the advantage of the automatic nature of the device, a capacitor, such as that used in the present invention, is much smaller than a second battery chamber of the prior art, .and therefore provides a much smaller overall package. This makes a more convenient adaptation to a patients arm or other ambulatory place.
It is thus an object of the present invention to provide an improved external heart-stimulating device.
It is an additional object of the present invention to automatically provide power to the pacer continuously during battery replacement.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention willbecome apparent to one having reasonable skill in the an after referring to the detailed description of the appended drawing wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The drawing is a schematic representation of an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In the drawing, pacer circuitry 14 is connected by electrodes 19 and 20 to heart 15 of a patient (not shown). The pacer circuitry is arranged to provide stimulation to heart 15, and in the case of a demand pacer, pacer circuitry 14 is arranged to sense a natural heartbeat and provide stimulation to heart 15 only in the absence of a natural heartbeat. Circuitry of this type may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 3,528,428 assigned to the same assignee as that of the present invention, and the disclosure of U.S. Pat. 3,528,428 is incorporated herein by reference.
Battery 10, is a single battery or can be a plurality of single cells connected in series. it is in parallel connection with capacitor 13. The dashed line associated with battery is intended to indicate that no fixed number of cells is necessary. (Battery 10 is sometimes referred to herein as batteries 10.) Terminals 11 and 12 represent a connection between permanent circuitry to the right of the terminals and the removable battery to the left of the terminals. Capacitor 13 is permanently connected with pacer circuitry 14. Terminals 11 and 12 are intended to indicate that batteries 10 can be easily removed and replaced by fresh batteries.
In FIG. 1 of the above incorporated-by-reference patent, the reader is referred to the junction between batteries-3 and 5 and the junction between batteries 5 and 7 which are used for certain biasing arrangements. In improved versions of this circuitry, these biasing requirements have been satisfied in other ways, thereby eliminating the need for individual cells. These improvements have been incorporated into a particular external pacer, so that a single battery suffices. However, other capacitors (not shown) can be arranged, if necessary, between a particular cell and ground to provide temporary biasing to various points in the pacer circuitry. This temporary biasing would be provided in a manner similar to the way in which capacitor 13 provides temporary power to the overall circuitry.
In operation, capacitor 13 senses voltage of battery 10. Upon removal of battery 10, capacitor 13, is
charged up to the old battery voltage and provides temporary power to pacer circuitry 14. Typically, it takes 15 to 20 seconds to remove old battery 10 and replace it with a fresh one. For this amount of time, capacitor 13 will tend to discharge to a certain small extent. This may have an effect of changing the pacing rate in a smallwayperhaps a 5 beats per minute variation. This is acceptable and is not ordinarily noticed by a patient being paced in this manner. Capacitor 13 in an illustrative embodiment is chosen to be in the neighborhood of microfarads with 25 volts breakdown voltage. This is a typical size for the job required and is not large physically. Of course, larger or smaller sized capacitances can be used.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and the range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
We claim:
1. in an improved external heart-stimulating device which includes electrode meas for connection to the heart of a patient, pulse generator means for generating heart stimulating impulses on said electrode means, at least one removable battery for powering said device, and non-removable battery-output terminals for conducting output from said at least one removable battery to said device, the improvement comprising capacitive means permanently connected to said battery-output terminals for charging in response to the voltage of said at least one removable battery, said capacitive means providing temporary voltage to said device initially at a final voltage level of said at least one removable battery when said at least one removable battery is removed, said capacitive means decreasing said temporary voltage from said final voltage level and maintaining said temporary voltage above a minimum voltage level during a predetermined time.
2. The improvement of claim 1 and wherein said at least one removable battery includes a plurality of single cells connected in series, where at least one cell of said plurality is removable.
3. The improvement of claim 1 and wherein said capacitive means is at least one capacitor.

Claims (3)

1. In an improved external heart-stimulating device which includes electrode meas for connection to the heart of a patient, pulse generator means for generating heart stimulating impulses on said electrode means, at least one removable battery for powering said device, and non-removable battery-output terminals for conducting output from said at least one removable battery to said device, the improvement comprising capacitive means permanently connected to said battery-output terminals for charging in response to the voltage of said at least one removable battery, said capacitive means providing temporary voltage to said device initially at a final voltage level of said at least one removable battery when said at least one removable battery is removed, said capacitive means decreasing said temporary voltage from said final voltage level and maintaining said temporary voltage above a minimum voltage level during a predetermined time.
2. The improvement of claim 1 and wherein said at least one removable battery includes a plurality of single cells connected in series, where at least one cell of said plurality is removable.
3. The improvement of claim 1 and wherein said capacitive means is at least one capacitor.
US00173091A 1971-08-19 1971-08-19 Temporary power supply for a heart-stimulating device Expired - Lifetime US3757794A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5610068B2 (en)
AU (1) AU465527B2 (en)
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DE (1) DE2214215A1 (en)
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020062137A1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2002-05-23 Dennis Digby Electrically active medical implant
WO2005004754A2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-20 Js Vascular, Inc. Subcutaneous implantable non-thrombogenic mechanical devices
US20070244536A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2007-10-18 Pederson Brian D System for conditioning surfaces in vivo
US20080243198A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-02 Brian Pederson Method for Inhibiting Platelet Interaction with Biomaterial Surfaces
US20110200738A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2011-08-18 Brian Pederson System and Method for Conditioning Implantable Medical Devices
US8565872B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2013-10-22 Medtronic ATS Medical, Inc. Anti-coagulation and demineralization system for conductive medical devices

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5328793A (en) * 1976-08-25 1978-03-17 Dairiki Shiyouten Kk Washing use size
JPS5353495A (en) * 1976-10-25 1978-05-15 Sumiichi Razan Container for blister packing and press die for molding the same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3209081A (en) * 1961-10-02 1965-09-28 Behrman A Ducote Subcutaneously implanted electronic device
US3478746A (en) * 1965-05-12 1969-11-18 Medtronic Inc Cardiac implantable demand pacemaker
US3620220A (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-11-16 Cordis Corp Cardiac pacer with redundant power supply

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3209081A (en) * 1961-10-02 1965-09-28 Behrman A Ducote Subcutaneously implanted electronic device
US3478746A (en) * 1965-05-12 1969-11-18 Medtronic Inc Cardiac implantable demand pacemaker
US3620220A (en) * 1969-10-01 1971-11-16 Cordis Corp Cardiac pacer with redundant power supply

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020062137A1 (en) * 2000-09-26 2002-05-23 Dennis Digby Electrically active medical implant
WO2005004754A2 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-20 Js Vascular, Inc. Subcutaneous implantable non-thrombogenic mechanical devices
US20050021134A1 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-01-27 Opie John C. Method of rendering a mechanical heart valve non-thrombogenic with an electrical device
WO2005004754A3 (en) * 2003-06-30 2005-04-21 Js Vascular Inc Subcutaneous implantable non-thrombogenic mechanical devices
US8565872B2 (en) 2004-07-12 2013-10-22 Medtronic ATS Medical, Inc. Anti-coagulation and demineralization system for conductive medical devices
US20070244536A1 (en) * 2006-04-12 2007-10-18 Pederson Brian D System for conditioning surfaces in vivo
US10406355B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2019-09-10 Medtronic Vascular, Inc. System for conditioning surfaces in vivo
US9844667B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2017-12-19 Medtronic Ats Medical Inc. System for conditioning surfaces in vivo
US20090023004A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2009-01-22 Brian Pederson Method for Inhibiting Platelet Interaction with Biomaterial Surfaces
US8653632B2 (en) 2007-03-28 2014-02-18 Medtronic Ats Medical Inc. System and method for conditioning implantable medical devices
US9649499B2 (en) 2007-03-28 2017-05-16 Medtronic ATS Medical, Inc. Method for inhibiting platelet interaction with biomaterial surfaces
US20110200738A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2011-08-18 Brian Pederson System and Method for Conditioning Implantable Medical Devices
US20080243198A1 (en) * 2007-03-28 2008-10-02 Brian Pederson Method for Inhibiting Platelet Interaction with Biomaterial Surfaces
US11020515B2 (en) 2007-03-28 2021-06-01 Medtronic ATS Medical, Inc. Method for inhibiting platelet interaction with biomaterial surfaces
US11850335B2 (en) 2007-03-28 2023-12-26 Medtronic ATS Medical, Inc. Method for inhibiting platelet interaction with biomaterial surfaces

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AU465527B2 (en) 1973-09-13
GB1400070A (en) 1975-07-16
AU3972672A (en) 1973-09-13
JPS5610068B2 (en) 1981-03-05
JPS4829289A (en) 1973-04-18
NL7203826A (en) 1973-02-21
BR7205668D0 (en) 1973-11-01
DE2214215A1 (en) 1973-02-22

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Owner name: COOK PACEMAKER CORPORATION, INDIANA

Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:003852/0285

Effective date: 19810327

Owner name: COOK PACEMAKER CORPORATION, P.O. BOX 99, BLOOMINGT

Free format text: LICENSE;ASSIGNOR:ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:003852/0285

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