US375676A

US375676A - julien

Info

Publication number: US375676A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1887-12-27
Anticipated expiration: 1904-12-27

Description

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1..

" E. JULIEN.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 375,676. Patented Dec. 27, 1887.

WITNESSES:

5? and jmwv vk uoumgwrfi INVENTOR ATTORNEY-F,

(N9 Modei.) I 3 Sheets-Shet, 2. E. JULIEN.

ELECTRIC MOTOR. No. 375,676. Patented Dec. 27, 1887-.

' WITNESSES: INVENTOR A T T ORNEYJ' (No Model.)

- 3 Sheet s Sh eet 3. E. JULIEN. ELECTRIC MOTOR.

N0. 375,676. Patented Dec. 27, 1887.

I; 1 TNESSES.- BY 4 m A TTORNEYJ' grammatic View in plan.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDMOND JULIEN, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, ASSIGNOR TO THE J ULIEN ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 375,676, dated December 2?, 1887.

Application filed November 30, 1886. Serial No. 220282. (No model.) Patented in France November 8, 1886, No. 179,516, and

' in Belgium November 19, 1886,.No. 75,287.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDMoND J ULIEN, asubject of the King of Belgium, residing at Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Motors, of which the following isa specification.

This invention is embodied in French Pat- 'cnt No. 179,516, dated November 8,1886, and

in-Belgian Patent No. 75,287, dated November 19, 1886.

My improvements in electric motors, although applicable to all classes of such motors for whatever purpose employed, are especially intended for those for traction. As a consequence I give to the motor a form best adapted to enable it to be readily placed under the body or box of a car or other vehicle.

I will first describe with reference to the accompanying drawings my improved motor, and then point out specifically in the claims the novel features.

In the said drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the motor. Fig. 2 is a trans verse section of the motor on line 2 2, Fig. 1, omitting the armature-coils. Fig. 3 is a dia- Fig. 4 is an end view. v

The motor consists, essentially- (1. Of two field-magnets having two arms or members, A, with their like poles united and provided with polar ehlargements B, hollowed caults currents.

in such manner as to embrace the armature which turns between them. These polar pieces may be split or divided, as shown in Fig. 3, in such manner as to destroy the action of Fou- The arms of the field-magnets form foursolid cores,on which are wound two different coils of wire. The first coil, 0, is of thick wire and forms a part of the circuit of the motor. The second, D, is composed of fine wire and forms parts of an independent circuit.

b. Of two solid or built-up end pieces, E, on which the field-magnets are supported in such manner as to form a rigid rectangular frame. Theseend pieces carry the armature, the shaft of which turns in long bearings or boxes retained in place by caps or glands. They have at their base two lugs, which serve to fix the machine to its support.

0. Of an armature comprising- First, a steel shaft, F, hollowed for a certain part of its length at the extremity carrying the commutator to receive the connectingwires of the armature-coils. These wires enter the shaft at a point, f, at which point the shaft has a swelling or enlargement, which strengthens it, and at the same time serves as a shoulder for hearing against the shaft-box and preventing endwise movement.

Second, a cylindrical body consisting of two bronze end plates, G, cut away to permit at several point-s the passage of air and keyed or otherwise fixed upon the shaft F. These end pieces have on their interior surfaces recesses which carry three diverging bars of wood, H, which touch at the base where they surround the shaft on which they rest, being grooved to bearthereon throughout. This arrangement forms, therefore, an elongated frame or spider, of which the end pieces are the bases, and to which is fixed the core ofthe armature.

Third, the core I, made up of a large number of thin fiat rings of soft iron furnished with projecting teeth. These teeth provide between them intervals of equal width and parallel to the shaft, and in these intervals or depressions are wound the coils. The rings have on their inner circumferences grooves, which fix them to the wooden frame or spider on which they are mounted, being separated from each other by similar rings of pastcboard. When assembled these constitute a cylindrical toothed core'held between the end plates, or disk-s. The openings in the end plates which correspond with the free spaces between the wooden bars of the spider, allow passage to the air-currents, whose object is to lessen the heating of the wires of the armature.

Fourth, the induced coil, consisting of bobbins J of any desired number, the wire of which is wound in the form of a rectangle in the spaces formed between the lines of teeth of the core. Each space or interval contains a dicated in Fig. 3. Each circle contains a number of plates equal to the number of coils of the armature. Wires N form the connections of these coils, enter the hollow part of the shaft, come out at its end, are soldered-to the corresponding plates of the exterior circle, and the latter are connected by conductors O, which pass through the insulating-spool L, to those of the interior circle which are diametrically opposite. This arrangement allows the placing of the collecting-brushes in a single plane and on the same line of commutation.

0. Of two pairs of brushes, P, one or the other being employed according to the direction of rotation of the armature. The two brushes of one pair are keyed in insulated compartments of the brush-carrier a or I), Fig. 4, which turns on a pin or stud fixed to the end piece of the motor. The brush-carriers have small rigid projections or arms 0, to which are attached tension-springs T, which force the brushes temporarily in action to touch the commutator with a pressure which can be regulated at will. The brush-carriers carry also arms 0 or d, having at their lower ends anti-friction rollers, which rest on a cam,whose object is to prevent the two pairs of brushes from touching the commutator at the same time. Itis well known that with the reversal of the current and the consequent reversal of direction of rotation the displacement of the mag netic field changes in direction, and thus necessitates a corresponding change in the lead of the brushes. This change of lead I accomplish by the use of the two pairsof brushes disposed as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, so that while the brushes of each pair are in a single plane and on the same line of commutation the pairs are respectively on opposite sides of and at equal distances from the theoretical line of diameter of commutation, which is a line perpendicular to the axis of the magnetic lower plane. In this position the brushes are raised and do not touch the commutator. If the cam be drawn to one extremity of its movement, as is shown in Fig. 4, the operating-arrn d of one brushcarrier, a, rises to the upper plane of the cam and its brushes are removed still. farther from the commutator. Atthe same time the operating-arm c of the other brush-carrier falls into the hollow of the cam, and the action of the spring becoming free obliges the brush of this carrier to descend and touch the collector. If the cam be drawn to the extremity of its movement in the opposite direction, the direction of rotation of the armature is reversed.

9. Of a pulley, S, keyed to the armatureshaft at the extremity opposite to that carrying the commutator. The pulley is not shown in the diagrammatic view Fig. 3. In case of transmission of the motion of the motor to the machinery driven by means of cords, I make this pulley with V-grooves, preferably undulatory, as shown in Fig. 1.

The electric motor herein described presents the following essential peculiarities of construction: that its compact and solid form enables it to resist successfully the incessant shocks and trembling motions of vehicles; that it occupies a comparatively small space, and is thus completely suited for its purpose; that it possesses two exciting-circuits on its field-magnets, of which one is independent of the principal circuit; that its commutator is different from those now in use; that its collecting-brushes touch the commutator on the same generating-line onthe upper side of the commutator; thatit is furnished with a special arrangement for operating the brushes and reversing the movements of the motor-shaft. and that when grooved pulleys are employed on the motor-shaft the grooves are made of undulatory or other appropriate form. These various peculiarities of the motor render it eminently applicable to electric traction, as will appear from the following statement:

First. The employment of a second exciting-circuit on the field-magnet of the motor independent of the main circuit is necessitated in most cases of application of the motor to a wheeled vehicle by the variations in the work that the motor must perform. The factis that when the motor is working under normal conditions the current which passes through the machine and the circuit of thick wire of the field-magnet is sufficient for the magnetizing action; but in this condition when the machine encounters a resistance to be overcome superior to that which exists normallyas, for example, if the vehicle be obliged to mount an inclinationthe number of revolutions of the armatures and in consequence the speed of the vehicle, tends to diminish just as the effort to be exerted increases. To remedy this serious inconvenience, I then pass an excitingcurrent in the secondinducing-circuit, and the increasing magnetism resulting from this re- ICO IlO

establishes the speed of the armature. This result is easily obtainable by taking the exciting-current of the second circuit directly from the source of electricity supplying the main current of the motor, or it may be obtained as a derived circuit from the main circuit of the motor. The arrangement is of great utility, and has not as yet been used under the same conditions for the traction of vehicles.

Second. The employment of the commutator and collecting-brushes of the-form described has the advantage of avoiding the difficulty arising from fixing the brushes diametrically opposite each other, while much Simplifying the ordinary four-brush arrangement.

Third. The apparatus for manipulating brushes and reversing the movements of the motor enables the effecting of these operations under the most practical and simple conditions, as the operation of the cam can take place from any point more or less distantfrom the motor by means of rods, chains, or other mechanism.

Fourth. The pulley represented in Fig. 1 is especially intended for the transmission of power by means of cords. The grooves of the pulley are undulatory and have unbroken bearing-surfaces.

In part the features of this motor, particularly the arrangement of a double excitingcircuit, as applied to a motor for vehicles, and the adjustable support are claimed in my application for patent for a general system of electric traction, filed February 17, 1886, Serial No. 192,249.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. In a cylindrical armature for an electric machine,-the combinatiomwith the armatureshaft and core consisting of a series of toothed metallic rings, of a spider formed of wooden bars having longitudinal grooves,whereby said bars may be fitted radially on said shaft and serve to support said toothed rings, and end plates fixed to the shaft and secured to said spider and having cut-away portions to admit the passage of air, corresponding to the spaces between the bars, substantially as set forth.

2. In a motor or electric machine, the combination, with a commutator formed of insulated plates arranged in two parallel circles in number equal to the connections of the armature-coils, and having the plates of the outer circuit, which are diametrically opposite to those of the inner circuit, connected thereto by conductors, and being thus of like sign, of two pairs of collecting-brushes, of which the brushes of each pair are in a single plane and on the same line of commutation, and the pairs are respectively on opposite sides of and at equal distances from the theoretical line of commutation, substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a motor or electric machine, the combination of a commutator divided in two parallel circles with plates of opposite sign in the same generating-line, four collecting-brushes arranged in two pairs, the two brushes of each of which pairs are in one plane touching the two circuits in the same line, each of which pairs are on opposite sides of and equidistant from the theoretical line of commutation, and a cam or other equivalent mechanism for s1- multaneously effecting the contact of one pair of brushes with the commutator and releasing the other from such contact.

4. The combination, with the armature and shafthaving ahollow portion with perforations therethrough, of an insulating-spool mounted on the hollow portion of said shaft, two separate rows of contact-plates fixed around the periphery of said spool, conduc'tingwires connecting the plates of one row with the diametricallyopposite plates of the other row, and conducting-wires N, connected with the plates of one row and extending through the hollow shaft and its perforations to the armature-coils.

5. The combination, with the pivoted brushcarrier having an oscillating arm, of a sliding bar or plate having cam surfaces and means of operation, whereby the cam surfaces are brought in contact with said arm and the brush-carrier thereby rocked on its pivot, substantially as explained.

6. In combination with a commutator having two parallel sections, two collectingbrushes touching said commutator on a single generating-line and a single brush-carrier having separately-insulated compartments for receiving both of said brushes and movable on an axis, substantially as described.

7. In a motor or electric machine, in combination with two brush-carriers, a sliding cam having a hollow or depression in its center with double inclinations at each side, substantially as shown, and means of operating such cam, whereby either of the brushes may be placed in active position or both at a neutral position.

EDMOND J ULIEN.

Witnesses:

HARRY E. KNIGHT, H. S. KNIGHT.

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