US3755766A - Bistable electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents
Bistable electromagnetic actuator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3755766A US3755766A US00218770A US3755766DA US3755766A US 3755766 A US3755766 A US 3755766A US 00218770 A US00218770 A US 00218770A US 3755766D A US3755766D A US 3755766DA US 3755766 A US3755766 A US 3755766A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- armature
- case
- pole piece
- coil
- extending
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
- H01H51/22—Polarised relays
- H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
- H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
- H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
- H01F7/123—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by ancillary coil
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A bistable electromagnetic actuator has an armature maintained in one stable position magnetically, by means of a permanent magnet, and in a second stable position by means of a spring. Either position may be assumed by energization of a coil with current of the appropriate polarity or by application of mechanical force. A magnetic shunt maintains flux through the permanent magnet during energization of the coil.
- the movable member has two stable states, and may be readily changed from either state to the other either by manually moving the armature, or by providing a short pulse of direct current of appropriate polarity, in which only a relatively low amplitude pulse is required to change between the states in one direction, with a greater amplitude needed to change states in the reverse direction.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide such apparatus with means for holding the armature in either of its two stable positions, the armature being held in one of its stable positions by magnetic means.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide such apparatus in which the magnetic holding force is generated by a permanent magnet, with means arranged for maintaining a relatively high remanence of the permanent magnet.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide such apparatus which is of simple construction and is economical to fabricate.
- a solenoid having an armature movable between inner and outer positions, a surrounding coaxial coil, and a case of relatively high magnetic permeability surrounding the coil with means at one end of the case for establishing a path for magnetic flux through the armature, a permanent magnet located within the case, aligned with an end of the-armature and adapted for completing a magnetic circuit through the armature and case when the armature is in its inner position, spring means interconnected between the armature and the case to hold the armature in its extended position, and a magnetic circuit in shunt with the magnet for maintaining a relatively high remanence of the magnet.
- the attitude of the solenoid 9 illustrated in the draw- I ing is immaterial as it operates in an identical fashion however it may be positioned.
- the solenoid 9 incorporates a circular cylindrical armature 10 formed of material having a relatively high magnetic permeability.
- the armature 10 is preferably a body of revolution and has a flange 12 of increased cross section at its lower end, as shown in the drawing.
- the armature 10 is supported for axial movement relative to a case 14.
- the case is preferably U-shaped as shown, formed by bending a rectangular strip of ferromagnetic material.
- the width of the strip is preferably approximately the same dimension as the distance between opposite legs of the U-shaped case, so that the interior of the case is approximately square.
- the open end of the case 14 is closed by an end wall 16, having a central aperture for receiving the armature 10.
- a sleeve 18 is disposed within the aperture and is designed to receive the armature 10 in sliding relation.
- the sleeve 18 has an annular flange portion 20 adjacent the inner surface of the end wall 16, so that the sleeve 18 is retained in position, relative to the end wall 16, and the lower portion 22 of the sleeve 18 is designed to retain the armature 10 in position within the case 14 by bearing on the upper surface of the flange 12, when the armature is extended so that the lower surface of the flange 12 moves to the dashed line 12'.
- the lower portion of the sleeve 20 is provided with an enlarged cross section so that it holds a coil form 36 in a coaxial relation with the armature.
- the sleeve 18 fits closely around the armature 10 in order to minimize the air gap therebetween, but not so tight as to prevent free movement of the armature.
- the armature 10 is preferably coated with a thin layer of chemically inert TEFLON to resist corrosion and ease the sliding action of the armature.
- the sleeve 18 extends downwardly along the surface of the armature 10 for a distance, to provide a relatively great area of interface between the sleeve 18 and the armature 10, thereby to reduce reluctance therebetween.
- the end wall 16 is secured to the case 14 by any suitable means such as by swagging or staking the end wall and the case together.
- the case 14, the end wall 16, the sleeve 18 and the armature 10 are all formed of material having a relatively high magnetic permeability so that they can form various paths for magnetic flux, as described hereinafter.
- the permanent magnet 24 is disposed, held in position by being cemented to the case with a thin layer of cement.
- the magnet is preferably formed from material having a high magnetic remanence such as Alnico V or the like.
- a pole piece 26 is secured to the top portion of magnet 24.
- the pole piece 26 has a lower portion 28 of increased cross section adapted to match the cross section of the upper surface of the magnet 24, and an upper portion 30 of reduced cross section.
- the pole piece 26 is preferably a body of revolution, so that its upper portion 30 has a circular cylindrical surface.
- a shunt plate 32 Secured within the case 14 and in contact with the case is a shunt plate 32 having a centrally disposed circular aperture.
- the shunt plate 32 is disposed at a position within the interior of the case 14 opposite the upper portion 30 of the pole piece 26.
- the coil form 36 formed of low permeability material, separates the shunt plate 32 from the pole piece 26 to form an annular gap. This gap completes a magnetic circuit extending through the pole piece 26, the magnet 24, the lower portion of the case 14 and the shunt plate 32.
- the diameter of the upper portion 30 of the pole piece 26 is chosen in relation to the inside diameter of the annular shunt plate 32 to give an air gap of the size required to permit a sufficient amount of flux to flow continuously through the magnetic circuit, in order to prevent demagnetization of the magnet 24.
- a disk 33 formed of low permeability material, separates the lower portion 28 of the pole piece 26 from the shunt plate 32.
- a coil 34 is wound on the circular cylindrical form 36, between flanges 35 and 37 which are pressed onto the coil form 36.
- the flanges 35 and 37, as well as the coil form 36, are formed of low permeability material.
- the coil 34 and the coil form 36 are held in position by a resilient spring washer 39, interposed between the upper flange 35 of the coil form 36 and the flange 20 of the sleeve 18.
- the coil form 36 surrounds the lower portion of the sleeve 18, the lower portion of the annature 10, and the upper portion 30 of the pole piece 26.
- the coil 34 comprises a solenoid coil formed in a conventional manner and terminating in a pair of wires passing out through appropriate apertures in the end wall 16 for connection to an external circuit.
- the actuator 10 At a position spaced outwardly from the end wall 16, the actuator 10 is provided with an annular groove which accommodates an E-ring 31.
- a compression spring 38, surrounding the armature 10, is disposed between the E-ring 31 and the end wall 16.
- the solenoid is shown in the drawing with the armature 10 in its lowermost stable position. In this position there is formed a flux path extending from the magnet 24, through the entire case 14, the end wall 16, the bearing 18, the armature l and the pole piece 26. As there is no air gap in this path, the path has relatively little reluctance and, accordingly, a large amount of flux flows through this path. This flux holds the armature in its lower position, and any attempt to move the armature 10 upwardly relative to the pole piece 26, as by the spring 38, is resisted by magnetic force.
- a second stable position for the armature 10 is with the armature moved upwardly from the position illustrated in the drawing so that the upper surface of the flange l2 abuts the lower edge of the sleeve 22, the lower surface of the flange 12 then being positioned at the dashed line 12'.
- the armature When the armature is in this position there is a large air gap between the bottom of the armature l0 and the top of the pole piece 26, so that relatively little flux flows through the magnetic path therebetween, and, accordingly, there is little magnetic force attempting to return the armature to the lower position illustrated in the drawing.
- the spring 38 supplies a sufficiently large force to hold the armature 10 in its upper position against the magnetic force.
- the force of the spring 38 is even greater when the armature 10 is in its lower stable position, but the magnetic force maintaining the armature in this position is sufficiently great to overcome the force of the spring.
- An aperture 40 is provided in the outer end of the armature 10 to permit a link or coupling to be connected to the armature 10.
- the armature 10 may be moved from one position to another manually or by application of a mechanical force overcoming the spring or magnetic forces, as the case may be, after which the armature 10 remains in its new position after the mechanical force is removed.
- the coil 34 is also operable to cause the armature 10 to move from one to the other of its stable positions by a pulse of magnetic force.
- the armature When the armature is in the lower stable position, as illustrated, application of one voltage polarity to the terminals of the coil 34 produces a flux within the armature 10 which flows in the opposite direction as the flux generated by the magnet 24. This flux flows in a path including the armature 10, the end wall 16, the upper portion of the case 14, the shunt plate 32 and the upper portion of the pole piece 26.
- the magnetic force acting between the flange l2 and the pole piece 26 is reduced below the level of the force applied in the other direction by the spring 38. Accordingly, the spring 38 becomes effective to move the armature upwardly to its upper stable position.
- the armature is designed to have a A inch stroke with the spring urging the armature upwardly from its lower position with a force of 6 pounds, and in which the coil 34 has a resistance of 6.0 ohms and is constructed of 500 turns of number 31 wire, the armature is caused to move to its upper position by a pulse of 250 ma., or by the discharge of a 200 ufd. capacitor charged to l 1 volts.
- the various electrical and mechanical characteristics of the apparatus may be modified as desired by establishing different values for some of the physical constants of the apparatus.
- a spring having a smaller spring constant
- a greater force is required to move the armature to its upper position and a lower force is required to move it to its lower position.
- a spring is chosen with a larger spring constant, the opposite is true.
- a relatively stiff spring is employed in order to enable the apparatus to change its state by application of a low energy pulse, especially when resetting to the other stable state is accomplished mechanically.
- the length of the sleeve 18 is increased, to shorten the stroke of the armature 10, and thus to limit the maximum air gap, there is greater residual field across the air gap between the flange 12 and the pole piece 26 when the armature 10 is in its upper position, so that a weaker pulse applied to the coil 34 is effective to move the armature to its inward position. If the stroke is made greater, by raising the level of the bottom 22 of the sleeve 18, the opposite is true. In this event, the upper end of the sleeve should also be extended, relative to the flange 20, in order to avoid reducing the area of interface between the sleeve 18 and the armature 10.
- the interface between the flange 12 and the pole piece 26 is shown as a plane in the drawing, but this may be modified if desired. If the interface is made conical, for example, a different current-force characteristic is obtained for the solenoid, as well known to those skilled in the art.
- a particular advantage of the apparatus described in the foregoing is the retention of a large magnetic remanence by the magnet 24.
- the flux produced by the coil 34 does not function to demagnetize the permanent magnet 24 since it is not required to pass through the permanent magnet 24 itself.
- the flux passing through the magnet 24 is maintained at a high level, to assure high remanence.
- the open sides of the case 14 may be closed with material having a high magnetic permeability, or alternatively the case 14 may be replaced by a hollow cup-shaped body.
- the case l4, the end wall'16, and the other elements may all be made bodies of revolution.
- a solenoid device comprising a case having first and second opposed end walls and side walls extending between said end walls, a permanent magnet element positioned within said case and interconnected at one end with one of said end walls, an armature extending into said case through the other of said end walls and in magnetic circuit with said other of said end walls, said armature being reciprocable axially of said armature toward and away from said magnet element in said case, coil means in said case surrounding the portion of said armature extending within said case, said coil means extending beyond said armature toward said magnet element, a pole piece interconnected with the inward end of said magnet element and extending into said coil in coaxial alignment with said armature, and a shunt member positioned to provide a magnetic flux path from said pole piece to said side walls between said magnet element and said coil with a gap of low magnetic permeability in said path, said armature contacting said pole piece within said coil at the inward end of such reciprocating movement of said armature to pass substantially all of the magnetic flux generated by said
- a solenoid device comprising a case having first and second opposed end walls and side walls extending between said end walls; a permanent magnet element positioned within said case and interconnected at one end with one of said end walls; an armature extending into said case through the other of said end walls and in magnetic circuit with said other of said end walls, said armature being reciprocable axially of said armature toward and away from said magnet element in said case; coil means in said case surrounding the portion of said armature extending within said case; a pole piece having a first portion in contact with the inward end of said magnet element, a second portion of a lesser cross section than said first portion and extending toward said armature, and having an annular shoulder between said first and second portions; a disk of low magnetic permeability material on said shoulder; said coil means including a coil form of low magnetic permeability material which extends circumjacent said second portion of said pole piece; a shunt member contacting said case and circumscribing the portion of said coil form around said second portion and seated against said
- a solenoid device comprising a case having side walls between two opposed ends of such case; a permanent magnet element positioned within said case adjacent one end thereof, said magnet being interconnected at one pole portion with one end of said side walls and having an opposite pole portion exposed within said case; an armature extending into said case through the other end of said case and in magnetic circuit with the respective adjacent end of said side walls, said armature being reciprocable axially of said annature toward and away from said exposed pole portion of said magnet element in said case; coil means in said case surrounding said armature; a pole piece interconnected with said exposed pole portion of said magnet element within said case and extending toward said armature in coaxial alignment with said armature; a shunt member contacting said side walls and extending closely adjacent to said pole piece to provide a magnetic flux path from said pole piece to said side walls between said magnet element and said coil, said shunt member being spaced from said pole piece to provide a gap of low magnetic permeability therebetween in said path; said armature contacting said pole piece at the in
- said shunt member is an annular member having a central aperture of a cross section mating with the cross section of the adjacent portion of said pole piece, and said shunt member circumscribing said pole piece, whereby said gap is an annular gap between said pole piece and the surface of said shunt member defining said aperture.
- Apparatus according to claim 3 including resilient means for urging said armature outwardly relative to said case.
- Apparatus according to claim 5 including flange means secured to said armature at a location spaced outwardly from said case, and spring means surrounding said armature between said case and said flange means.
- Apparatus according to claim 7, including a flange projecting outwardly from said sleeve, said flange being adapted to engage the inner surface of said other of said end walls, said resilient element being confined between said flange of said sleeve and said other end flange of said coil means.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21877072A | 1972-01-18 | 1972-01-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3755766A true US3755766A (en) | 1973-08-28 |
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ID=22816440
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00218770A Expired - Lifetime US3755766A (en) | 1972-01-18 | 1972-01-18 | Bistable electromagnetic actuator |
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US (1) | US3755766A (en) |
Cited By (42)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3792390A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1974-02-19 | Allis Chalmers | Magnetic actuator device |
US3893052A (en) * | 1974-09-26 | 1975-07-01 | Gen Electric | Shock-resistant indicating device |
US3944957A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-03-16 | General Electric Company | Flux-transfer trip device for a circuit breaker |
US3946851A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1976-03-30 | Burroughs Corporation | Electromagnetic assembly for actuating a stylus in a wire printer |
US3995243A (en) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-11-30 | North American Philips Corporation | Fault detection indicator |
US4072918A (en) * | 1976-12-01 | 1978-02-07 | Regdon Corporation | Bistable electromagnetic actuator |
US4127835A (en) * | 1977-07-06 | 1978-11-28 | Dynex/Rivett Inc. | Electromechanical force motor |
US4251789A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-02-17 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker trip indicator and auxiliary switch combination |
US4259653A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1981-03-31 | Magnetic Laboratories, Inc. | Electromagnetic reciprocating linear actuator with permanent magnet armature |
US4288771A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1981-09-08 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic driven device |
US4442418A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1984-04-10 | Ledex, Inc. | Trip solenoid |
US4462013A (en) * | 1977-10-13 | 1984-07-24 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic device with dust-tight enclosure |
US4470030A (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-09-04 | Ledex, Inc. | Trip solenoid |
US4641117A (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1987-02-03 | General Electric Company | Combined accessory and trip actuator unit for electronic circuit breakers |
US4660012A (en) * | 1984-11-22 | 1987-04-21 | Merlin Gerin | Polarized electromagnetic relay with magnetic latching for an electric circuit breaker trip release |
US4683452A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1987-07-28 | Regdon Solenoid, Inc. | Bi-stable electromagnetic actuator |
US4737750A (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-04-12 | Hamilton Standard Controls, Inc. | Bistable electrical contactor arrangement |
GB2201291A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-24 | Lectron Products | Bistable solenoid actuator for a vehicle fuel filler flap |
USRE33325E (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1990-09-04 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Remotely controllable circuit breaker |
AU624029B2 (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1992-05-28 | Eaton Electric N.V. | A trip device for an electric switch |
US5275065A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-01-04 | Grand Haven Stamped Products, Div. Of Jsj Corporation | Vehicle transmission shifter with park lock controlled by magnetic latch |
DE4332960A1 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-06 | Schrott Harald | Bistable electromagnet, especially solenoid valve |
US5364252A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-11-15 | General Motors Corporation | Gas injector with retractable nozzle for assist of plastics injection molding |
US5428330A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1995-06-27 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Magnet switch |
US5497135A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-03-05 | Harald Schrott | Bistable electromagnet, particularly an electromagnetic valve |
US6646529B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2003-11-11 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Electromagnetic release |
US6791442B1 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-09-14 | Trombetta, Llc | Magnetic latching solenoid |
US20050024174A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-03 | Kolb Richard P. | Single coil solenoid having a permanent magnet with bi-directional assist |
US20070025046A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2007-02-01 | Christophe Maerky | Electromagnetic dual-coil valve actuator with permanent magnet |
WO2009030664A1 (en) | 2007-09-03 | 2009-03-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Magnetic drive system for a switchgear |
US20110168813A1 (en) * | 2010-01-08 | 2011-07-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | Solenoid actuated device and methods |
US20130049904A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2013-02-28 | Eaton Industries (Netherlands) B.V. | Trip unit |
US20130169387A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Lsis Co., Ltd. | Shortage voltage trip device of molded case circuit breaker |
US20130321971A1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2013-12-05 | Eaton Corporation | Electronically-Controlled Solenoid |
US8669836B2 (en) * | 2009-06-24 | 2014-03-11 | Johnson Electric Dresden Gmbh | Magnetic trigger mechanism |
US9046188B2 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2015-06-02 | Techspace Aero S.A. | Solenoid actuator with magnetic sleeving |
US20160118174A1 (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2016-04-28 | Hydac Electronic Gmbh | Electromagnetic actuating apparatus |
US9368266B2 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2016-06-14 | Trumpet Holdings, Inc. | Electric solenoid structure having elastomeric biasing member |
DE102017004105A1 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | Luitpold Greiner | Magnetically bistable axisymmetric linear actuator with pole contour, device with this and switching matrix for tactile applications |
WO2018197052A1 (en) | 2017-04-29 | 2018-11-01 | Luitpold Greiner | Tactile display having a magnetically bistable axially symmetrical linear actuator having a pole contour and switching matrix, and optical-tactile seeing aid having same |
WO2019057401A1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-28 | Kendrion (Villingen) Gmbh | Adjusting device with a sealed guide cylinder |
US20210057178A1 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2021-02-25 | Tdk Electronics Ag | Switching Device |
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US2915681A (en) * | 1957-11-20 | 1959-12-01 | Indiana Steel Products Co | Magnet assemblies |
US3022450A (en) * | 1958-09-15 | 1962-02-20 | Bendix Corp | Dual position latching solenoid |
US3040217A (en) * | 1959-08-10 | 1962-06-19 | Clary Corp | Electromagnetic actuator |
CH395271A (en) * | 1961-05-12 | 1965-07-15 | Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester | Residual current circuit breaker or residual current relay with a release containing a permanent magnet |
-
1972
- 1972-01-18 US US00218770A patent/US3755766A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2915681A (en) * | 1957-11-20 | 1959-12-01 | Indiana Steel Products Co | Magnet assemblies |
US3022450A (en) * | 1958-09-15 | 1962-02-20 | Bendix Corp | Dual position latching solenoid |
US3040217A (en) * | 1959-08-10 | 1962-06-19 | Clary Corp | Electromagnetic actuator |
CH395271A (en) * | 1961-05-12 | 1965-07-15 | Felten & Guilleaume Ag Oester | Residual current circuit breaker or residual current relay with a release containing a permanent magnet |
Cited By (55)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3946851A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1976-03-30 | Burroughs Corporation | Electromagnetic assembly for actuating a stylus in a wire printer |
US3792390A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1974-02-19 | Allis Chalmers | Magnetic actuator device |
US3893052A (en) * | 1974-09-26 | 1975-07-01 | Gen Electric | Shock-resistant indicating device |
US3995243A (en) * | 1974-10-17 | 1976-11-30 | North American Philips Corporation | Fault detection indicator |
US3944957A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1976-03-16 | General Electric Company | Flux-transfer trip device for a circuit breaker |
US4072918A (en) * | 1976-12-01 | 1978-02-07 | Regdon Corporation | Bistable electromagnetic actuator |
US4127835A (en) * | 1977-07-06 | 1978-11-28 | Dynex/Rivett Inc. | Electromechanical force motor |
US4462013A (en) * | 1977-10-13 | 1984-07-24 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic device with dust-tight enclosure |
US4259653A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1981-03-31 | Magnetic Laboratories, Inc. | Electromagnetic reciprocating linear actuator with permanent magnet armature |
US4288771A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1981-09-08 | Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha | Electromagnetic driven device |
US4251789A (en) * | 1979-09-04 | 1981-02-17 | General Electric Company | Circuit breaker trip indicator and auxiliary switch combination |
US4442418A (en) * | 1981-05-01 | 1984-04-10 | Ledex, Inc. | Trip solenoid |
US4470030A (en) * | 1983-05-18 | 1984-09-04 | Ledex, Inc. | Trip solenoid |
US4660012A (en) * | 1984-11-22 | 1987-04-21 | Merlin Gerin | Polarized electromagnetic relay with magnetic latching for an electric circuit breaker trip release |
USRE33325E (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1990-09-04 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Remotely controllable circuit breaker |
US4641117A (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1987-02-03 | General Electric Company | Combined accessory and trip actuator unit for electronic circuit breakers |
US4683452A (en) * | 1986-06-30 | 1987-07-28 | Regdon Solenoid, Inc. | Bi-stable electromagnetic actuator |
US4737750A (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1988-04-12 | Hamilton Standard Controls, Inc. | Bistable electrical contactor arrangement |
GB2201291A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1988-08-24 | Lectron Products | Bistable solenoid actuator for a vehicle fuel filler flap |
AU624029B2 (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1992-05-28 | Eaton Electric N.V. | A trip device for an electric switch |
US5166653A (en) * | 1989-10-31 | 1992-11-24 | Holec Systemen & Componenten B.V. | Trip device for an electric switch |
US5428330A (en) * | 1992-07-31 | 1995-06-27 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Magnet switch |
US5364252A (en) * | 1992-08-26 | 1994-11-15 | General Motors Corporation | Gas injector with retractable nozzle for assist of plastics injection molding |
US5275065A (en) * | 1992-10-02 | 1994-01-04 | Grand Haven Stamped Products, Div. Of Jsj Corporation | Vehicle transmission shifter with park lock controlled by magnetic latch |
DE4332960A1 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-06 | Schrott Harald | Bistable electromagnet, especially solenoid valve |
US5497135A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-03-05 | Harald Schrott | Bistable electromagnet, particularly an electromagnetic valve |
US6646529B1 (en) * | 1999-06-24 | 2003-11-11 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Electromagnetic release |
US20070025046A1 (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2007-02-01 | Christophe Maerky | Electromagnetic dual-coil valve actuator with permanent magnet |
US8274348B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2012-09-25 | Woodward, Inc. | Single coil solenoid having a permanent magnet with bi-directional assist |
US20050024174A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-02-03 | Kolb Richard P. | Single coil solenoid having a permanent magnet with bi-directional assist |
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