US3751808A

US3751808A - Apparatus for use in making patterns for elbows for cylindrical products, and other layouts

Info

Publication number: US3751808A
Application number: US00174067A
Authority: US
Inventors: J Price
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1971-08-23
Filing date: 1971-08-23
Publication date: 1973-08-14
Anticipated expiration: 1990-08-14

Abstract

Apparatus for use in making patterns for multi-piece elbows for cylindrical products such as pipes and the like, and for other layouts, comprising a flat elongated base bar marked with designations indicating numbers of pieces which may be embodied in the elbow, a spacing bar marked with designations indicating numbers of spaces into which the pattern stretch-out is to be divided, and also marked with designations indicating diameters, a pattern marking bar provided with holes arranged in rows for coinciding with space indicating lines on the pattern and for marking intersection lines as a guide to drawing the pattern, a pair of short bars, and means connecting bars in certain combinations and angular arrangements for use in dividing the pattern into a selected number of equal spaces, for establishing throat and pitch lines, and for marking intersections as a guide to drawing the pattern. The apparatus is useful for both ''''parallel line development'''' and ''''radial line development,'''' and is not limited to making elbow patterns.

Description

United States Patent [191 Price [45] Aug. 14, 1973 [76] inventor: James D. Price, 635 Joyce St.,

Golden, C010.

[22] Filed: Aug. 23, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 174,067

Primary Examinerl-iarry N. i-iaroian Attorney-Bertha L. MacGregor [5 7] ABSTRACT Apparatus for use in making patterns for multi-piece elbows for cylindrical products such as pipes and the like, and for other layouts, comprising a flat elongated base bar marked with designations indicating numbers of pieces which may be embodied in the elbow, a spacing bar marked with designations indicating numbers of spaces into which the pattern stretch-out is to be divided, and also marked with designations indicating diameters, a pattern marking bar provided with holes arranged in rows for coinciding with space indicating lines on the pattern and for marking intersection lines as a guide to drawing the pattern, a pair of short bars, and means connecting bars in certain combinations and angular arrangements for use in dividing the pattern into a selected number of equal spaces, for establishing throat and pitch lines, and for marking intersections as a guide to drawing the pattern. The apparatus is useful for both parallel line development" and radial line development, and is not limited to making elbow patterns.

4 Claims, 16 Drawing Figures PAIENIED mm 4.915

INVENTOR. JAMES 0. PRICE ATTORNEYS PATENIEU M19! 7 V I N VEN TOR. JAMES 0. PRICE SHEEI2B3 ATTORNEY PAIENIEB ms 1 4m SHEET 3 0F 3 INVENTOR.

JAMES 0. PRI

ATTORNEY APPARATUS FOR USE IN MAKING PATTERNS FOR ELBOWS FOR CYLINDRICAL PRODUCTS, AND OTHER LAYOUTS This invention relates to apparatus for use in making patterns for elbows for cylindrical products, such, for example, as sheet metal pipes and the like, and for other purposes.

Heretofore, the making of a pattern for the purpose stated has been performed manually by a draftsman with the aid of ordinary drafting tools, the procedure being time consuming, tedious and inexact in results. Descriptions of such prior art procedures are contained in Sheet-Metal Pattern Drafting and Shop Problems by James S. Dougherty, Copyrighted I922, known in the art as parallel line development. Reference is made to Problem 16, Four-Piece 90 Elbow, on page 38, and FIG. 52, on page 41.

The main object of this invention is to provide apparatus for use in making patterns for various purposes, and particularly for elbowsand the like for metal pipes and other cylindrical products, whereby the time required for making the pattern is reduced to approximately one fourth of that heretofore required, and the resultant pattern is accurate.

The objects and advantages-of the apparatus for the purposes stated will be apparent from the drawings and following specification. Briefly, the apparatus comprises a combination of parts used for dividing the pattern stretch-out into a selected number of equal spaces; another combination of parts for establishing the throat and pitch lines; and another combination of parts for marking the pattern; some of the parts of the apparatus being used in more than one of the said combinations, and the base bar being a part of each said combinations. The combinations of parts aforementioned are employed by the pattern maker after he has drawn a horizontal base line and vertical end lines defining the stretch-out of the proposed pattern.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the base bar of my invention.

FIG. 2 is an elevational side view of the base bar.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of the spacing bar which is part of the pattern making apparatus embodying my invention.

FIG. 4 is an elevational side view of the spacing bar.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of one of four pattern marking bars which are part of the apparatus.

FIG. 6 is an elevational side view of the bar of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a plan view and FIG. 8 is an elevational side view of a short bar used with the base bar and the spacing bar of FIGS. 1 and 3, respectively.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a short bar used with the base bar and the pattern marking bar of FIGS. 1 and 5, respectively.

FIG. 10 is an elevational side view of one of three thumb nuts employed in assembling the apparatus for the several steps of pattern making.

FIG. '1 1 is a square block used as part of the apparatus for establishing the throat and pitch lines.

FIG. I2 is an elevational side view of the block of FIG. 11.

FIG. 13 illustrates the use of the apparatus for dividing the pattern layout into equal spaces.

FIG. 14 illustrates the use of the apparatus for establishing the throat and pitch lines of the pattern.

FIG. I5 illustrates the use of the apparatus for establishing spaced intersection lines marking the outline of the pattern.

FIG. 16 illustrates the outline of one gore of the pattern resulting from drawing a curved line intersecting the intersections of FIG. 15.

FIGS. 1-12 illustrate the several parts of the apparatus embodying my invention. The base bar 20 comprises a flat elongated rectangular bar provided with two threaded

bolts

21, 22, respectively, which rise vertically from the bar 20 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A semi-circular notch 24 is located in one longitudinal edge of the bar 20 as shown in FIG. I and adjacent the same edge the bar 20 is marked with transversely extending lines 25 identified by

designations

3P, 4P, etc. to 10F indicating the number of pieces to be used for making the elbow.

A spacing bar 26, shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, consists of a flat elongated rectangular bar, narrower than the base 20, terminating at its right end in an end 27 provided with an aperture 28. The end 27 is not necessarily pointed. The end area 27 is a slightly raised plane relatively to the rest of the bar 26 as shown in FIG. 4. The face of the spacing bar 26 is marked with transversely extending lines 29 each ending in a small hole 30, the holes 30 being arranged in a row about midway between the two longitudinal edges of the bar 26. The lines 29 extend from the holes 30 to one longitudinal edge of the bar and are marked I, 2, 3, etc. to 16 to indicate points to be used in marking the pattern for equal spacing as will be explained hereinafter. Another series of transversely extending lines 31 extends from the opposite longitudinal edge of the bar 26 to holes 32 arranged in a row about midway between the two longitudinal edges of the bar 26. The lines 31 are marked with fractional designations as shown in FIG. 3. The markings on bar 26 have two functions: first, the whole numbers, I-I6, designate 16 equal spaces; second, the whole numbers and fractions refer to diameters and are read in a manner similar to reading a rule calibrated in inches: for example, 2 X; inches diameter, 3 inches diameter, 3 h inches diameter, 4 inches diameter, etc. The diameters with fractions are what is known in the pipefitting trade as Standard CD. Diameters. After 12 341 inches the standard O.D. diameters run to whole numbers.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show one of four similarly shaped bars 33 referred herein as pattern marking bars, each provided with threaded bolts 34 rising from the opposite ends of the bar. The bar 33 is provided with a series of holes 35 located on a line marked 12 F as shown in FIG. 5. Another series of holes 36 is located on a line marked 12 I4. Additional bars similar to the bar 33 are marked 16 F, 20 F and 24 F, respectively, and each is provided with holes. The series of

holes

35, 36, in each of the four bars represents a projection of ordinates from equally spaced division points on a half circle (or a one quarter circle) to a base line drawn through the center of the circle. The information herein concerning the bar 33 and holes on lines marked 12 F and 12 V4 applies to all four bars 33. The series of holes 35 on line 12 F are six equal spaces projected from a half circle to said line whose diameter is equal to the distance between the outside holes of said line. The center hole is the center point for scribing the half circle. The series of holes 36 on the line marked 12 is are three equal spaces projected from a quarter circle to said line,

whose radius is equal to the distance between the outside holes on said line. The hole marked C (center line) is the center point for scribing the quarter circle.

The proper bar 33 is selected according to the stretch-out" spacing chosen for laying out elbows, tees, laterals, etc. The bar 33 marked 12 F is used when 12 spaces have been chosen, the bar marked 16 F when 16 spaces have been chosen, etc. The marking 12 A or 16 5 etc., is used for quarter patterns.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a short flat rectangular bar 37 provided with a threaded vertical bolt 38 adjacent the left end and a round aperture 39 near the opposite end of the bar. This bar is used with the base bar 20 and spacing bar 26 for dividing the pattern stretch-out" into a selected number of spaces, as more fully explained hereinafter.

FIG. 9 shows a short bar 40 provided with

apertures

41, 42, at opposite ends, used with the base bar 20 and one of the bars 33, as explained hereinafter.

A thumb nut 43 shown in FIG. 10 is one of three similar nuts used in the apparatus. A square block 44, used with the base bar and spacing bar 26, is shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. A knob 45 on the plate 44 facilitates handling.

The functions of the aforementioned parts will be explained by reference to FIGS. 13-16, where the apparatus has been shown as used for making one piece of a 7 inch diameter 90 elbow which the pattern maker has arbitrarily chosen to make in four pieces. In this description it has been assumed that the pattern maker has chosen to divide the circumference into 12 equal spaces.

In FIGS. 13-16, the edges of the sheet are designated 50, and a straight edge ruler is designated 51. The first step in the use of the apparatus for the purpose stated is to draw a horizontal base line 52 and two

vertical lines

53, 54. The length of the base line or distance between the

vertical lines

53, 54, is equal to the circumference of the proposed elbow, i.e., 22 inches for a 7 inch diameter elbow in this example.

To divide the 22 inch area between the

vertical lines

53, 54, into 12 equal spaces, the pattern maker draws a diagonal line 55 (FIG. 13) from an arbitrary point 56 on vertical line 53 to a point 57 where it intersects the base line 52 and the right vertical line 54. To do this, the pattern maker may use the base bar 20 or a straight edge.

Next, the spacing bar 26 is used in dividing the stretch-out," i.e., the 22 inch area representing the circumference of the elbow, into the chosen number of spaces, which in this example is 12 spaces. For this purpose, the short bar 37 is attached to the base bar 20 by the bolt 22 of the base bar 20 inserted through the aperture 39 of bar 37, and the bolt 38 of bar 37 is inserted through the aperture 28 of spacing bar 26. The bar 37 is positioned so that the bottom of the pivot bolt 38 fits in the semi-circular notch 24 of the base bar 20. Then the angle of the spacing bar 26 is adjusted so that while the upper edge of the base bar 20 coincides with the base line 52 of the drawing, the hole 12 of the spacing bar registers with the arbitrary point 56 on the left vertical line 53, as shown in FIG. 13. Then a thumb nut 43 is applied to the bolt 22 in hole 39 of bar 37, and tightened, and another thumb nut 43 is applied to the bolt 38 in hole 28 of the spacing bar 26, and tightened.

Now the apparatus appears as shown at the left of FIG. 13. The pattern maker then moves the tool to the right, as shown in FIG. 13, marking a horizontal line at each point where holes 11, 10, 9, 8, etc., cross the diagonal line as the tool is being moved. The intersection points 59 indicate the 12 equal spaces beteween the

lines

53 and 54. By drawing vertical lines 58 through the intersection points 59 the stretch-out is divided into 12 equal spaces.

Next the pattern maker establishes the throat height of the first gore or piece of the elbow, and then the picth height. The pitch height is the same as the throat height, above the throat of the first piece or gore of the elbow. The tool is placed so that the upper edge of the base bar 20 coincides with the base line 52 as shown in the lower left portion of FIG. 14. The one inch square block 44 is placed so that its right edge is aligned with the line 25 designated 4 P (for four pieces, in this example) on the base bar 20. The spacer bar 26 is then swung until it touches the square block 44. In that position the thumb nuts 43 are tightened to maintain the

bars

20, 37 and 26 as shown in FIG. 14. This setting of the apparatus causes the bar 26 to cross the vertical line 53 at the left of the pattern. At the point where the seventh hole 30 (seven inch diameter of elbow) intersects the vertical line 53, the pattern maker makes a mark 60 which indicates the height of the throat, and then draws a horizontal line 61 to indicate the top of the throat. The top of the throat is the bottom of the pitch.

Leaving the tool set as shown in the lower left portion of FIG. 14, the pattern maker moves it up to the top of the throat line 61 which becomes a new base line. Then he marks the intersection 62 of hole 7 and the left vertical line 53 to establish the pitch height.

Having established the pitch height, the next step in use of this apparatus is to draw the pattern. For this purpose, the spacing bar 26 and short bar 37 are removed from the base bar 20, and bars 20, 40 and 33 are assembled. Bar 33 is one of the pattern marking bars 33 heretofore described. The bar 40 is placed on the base bar 20 by inserting the base bar bolt 22 in the hole 42 of the bar 40. The bolt 34 at the right of pattern making bar 33 is inserted in hole 41 of bar 40 and thumb nuts 43 are applied to the

bolts

22 and 34 after the 12 F bar 33 has been adjusted so that its top hole 35 (FIG. 5) indicated at 63 (FIG. 15) in the line of holes on line 12 F registers with the pitch height line 62 at the vertical left line 53, and the bottom hole 64 (FIG. 15) of that line of holes on line 12 F registers with the pitch line 61.

Then the tool is moved to the left so that the center hole of the row of holes in line 12 F intersects vertical line 53 and is marked 65; then the tool is moved to the right ahd the next hole above the center hole registering with the next vertical space line is marked 66 by a horizontal line; then the tool is moved to the right again and the next hole above the one just mentioned, registering with the next vertical space line, is marked 67 by a horizontal line; and then the tool is moved to the right again and the -next hole above the previously mentioned one, namely the top hole of that row of holes, registers with the fourth vertical line as indicated at 68. Then the marking is continued by using the holes downwardly successively until the lowest hole crosses the tenth line of the space lines 58. The registering points following the high point 68 are indicated at 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 and 74; then the marking proceeds upwardly as indicated at 75, 76, 77.

Finally a curved line 80, FIG. 16, is drawn through the intersections of the vertical space lines 58 and the horizontal intersection lines 65-77, produced by use of the assembly shown in FIG. 15, which shows the pat tern for the first gore. Other gores are copies of the first gore.

The apparatus of my invention is useful for the described method of making patterns for elbows, and also for projecting lines or points from an imaginary circle. It can also be used in the method known as radial line development as well as the described example of parallel line development.

I claim:

1. ln apparatus for use in making patterns for multipiece elbows for cylindrical products, means for dividing a pattern stretch-out into equal spaces by vertical space lines and for establishing throat and pitch lines, comprising a. a flat parallel edged base bar adapted to slidingly engage a straight edge member and provided with threaded bolts rising from near opposite ends and marked adjacent one longitudinal edge with designations indicating numbers of pieces that may be embodied in the elbow,

b. a spacing bar provided with an aperture near one end for reception of a threaded bolt and marked adjacent one longitudinal edge with designations indicating the number of spaces into which the pattern stretch-out may be divided, and marked adjacent its other longitudinal edge with designations indicating diameters of the product for which the pattern is being made,

c. a first short bar having a threaded bolt received in the aperture in the spacing bar and having an aperture at the other end,

means on a threaded bolt of the base bar when said bolt has been inserted in the aperture of the first short bar pivotally connecting said bars together, e. means on the threaded bolt of the first short bar when said bolt has been inserted in the aperture of the spacing bar for pivotally connecting said bars together, and

a square block insertible between the proximate edges of the base bar and spacing bar when the base bar has been pivotally connected to the first short bar and the said first short bar has been pivotally connected to the spacing bar for positioning the spacer bar relatively to the base bar in selected position.

2. The apparatus defined by claim 1, in which the means of elements (d) and (e) are thumb nuts.

3. ln apparatus for use in making patterns for multipiece elbows for cylindrical products, means for mark ing intersection lines coinciding with vertical space lines previously established on a drawing as a guide for drawing the pattern for one piece of the elbow, comprising a. a flat parallel edged base bar adapted to slidingly engage a straightedge member and provided with threaded bolts rising from near opposite ends and marked adjacent one longitudinal edge with designations indicating numbers of pieces that may be embodied in the elbow,

b. a second short bar provided with apertures at near opposite ends,

c. a pattern marking bar provided with threaded bolts rising from near opposite ends and having holes arranged in rows for coinciding with space indicating lines previously placed on a drawing for marking intersections as a guide for drawing the pattern,

d. means on a threaded bolt on the base bar when inserted in an aperture of the second short bar for pivotally connecting said bars, and

e. means on a bolt of the marking bar when inserted in the other aperture of the second short bar pivotally connecting said bars together for positioning the marking bar in selected position.

4. The apparatus defined by claim 3, in which the means of elements (d) and (e) are thumb nuts.

* t l it

Claims

1. In apparatus for use in making patterns for multi-piece elbows for cylindrical products, means for dividing a pattern stretch-out into equal spaces by vertical space lines and for establishing throat and pitch lines, comprising a. a flat parallel edged base bar adapted to slidingly engage a straight edge member and provided with threaded bolts rising from near opposite ends and marked adjacent one longitudinal edge with designations indicating numbers of pieces that may be embodied in the elbow, b. a spacing bar provided with an aperture near one end for reception of a threaded bolt and marked adjacent one longitudinal edge with designations indicating the number of spaces into which the pattern stretch-out may be divided, and marked adjacent its other longitudinal edge with designations indicating diameters of the product for which the pattern is being made, c. a first short bar having a threaded bolt received in the aperture in the spacing bar and having an aperture at the other end, d. means on a threaded bolt of the base bar when said bolt has been inserted in the aperture of the first short bar pivotally connecting said bars together, e. means on the threaded bolt of the first short bar when said bolt has been inserted in the aperture of the spacing bar for pivotally connecting said bars together, and f. a square block insertible between the proximate edges of the base bar and spacing bar when the base bar has been pivotally connected to the first short bar and the said first short bar has been pivotally connected to the spacing bar for positioning the spacer bar relatively to the base bar in selected position.

3. In apparatus for use in making patterns for multi-piece elbows for cylindrical products, means for marking intersection lines coinciding with vertical space lines previously established on a drawing as a guide for drawing the pattern for one piece of the elbow, comprising a. a flat parallel edged base bar adapted to slidingly engage a straightedge member and provided with threaded bolts rising from near opposite ends and marked adjacent one longitudinal edge with designations indicating numbers of pieces that may be embodied in the elbow, b. a second short bar provided with apertures at near opposite ends, c. a pattern marking bar provided with threaded bolts rising from near opposite ends and having holes arranged in rows for coinciding with space indicating lines previously placed on a drawing for marking intersections as a guide for drawing the pattern, d. means on a threaded bolt on the base bar when inserted in an aperture of the second short bar for pivotally connecting said bars, and e. means on a bolt of the marking bar when inserted in the other aperture of the second short bar pivotally connecting said bars together for positioning the marking bar in selected position.