US3744288A - Tensiometer - Google Patents

Tensiometer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3744288A
US3744288A US00210852A US3744288DA US3744288A US 3744288 A US3744288 A US 3744288A US 00210852 A US00210852 A US 00210852A US 3744288D A US3744288D A US 3744288DA US 3744288 A US3744288 A US 3744288A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stock
tension
force
stands
rod
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00210852A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Wykes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Industry Inc
Original Assignee
Morgan Construction Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Morgan Construction Co filed Critical Morgan Construction Co
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Publication of US3744288A publication Critical patent/US3744288A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/48—Tension control; Compression control
    • B21B37/52—Tension control; Compression control by drive motor control

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Mechanism for determining and varying the tension present in a rod being rolled as it passes between adjacent stands in a rod mill.
  • the read-out gives an indication enabling the operator to make manual speed adjustment of the rolls to change the rod tension to the desired norm, or through a feed-back device the roll speeds may be changed automatically to achieve the same result.
  • the mechanism operates on the principle of temporarily applying a transverse force moved through a fixed distance against the moving rod. The resistance to this force measured by a load cell and associated meters will give an indication of the then existing rod tension as it moves between adjacent roll stands and an indication of the adjustment to be made in roll speeds to change the rod tension to the desired norm.
  • Damage in the roughing mill takes the form of tensile cracks or ruptures which becomes elongated through subsequent rolling into seams and other defects. These defects continue in the stock throughout the rolling and show up in the finished rod making it unsuitable for drawing into small wire sizes.
  • the velocity of the stock leaving each stand times the cross-sectional area at the point must equal the velocity of the stock leaving all subsequent stands times the cross-sectional areas at those stands.
  • roll stand speeds must be carefully set. If, for example, the rolls of the second stand are running a little too slowly so that they are not receiving the rod quite as fast as it is being delivered by the first stand, then the rod between the first and second stands will sag or buckle. On the other hand, if the rolls of the second stand are running a little too fast and delivering a volume of rod slightly greater than that being delivered by the first stand, then tension will develop in the rod. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that the roll speeds of all stands be adjusted to accept rod from the preceding stand at the exact rate of delivery thereby avoiding saging of the rod in the one case, or placing it under undesirable tension in the other.
  • a mill can usually run for a substantial time before the development of unsatisfactory tension conditions in the rod between adjacent stands.
  • periodic checking of the condition of the rod between stands should be made so that if undesirable tension conditions have developed, adjustments in the roll speeds can forthwith be made. Making such adjustments is difficult in present installations, particularly when the mill is enclosed to maintain a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the operator has to decide what degree of tension is proper and thereafter try to maintain this condition.
  • the present invention is designed to give a reading on suitable visible instruments exterior of the mill which will tell the operator to what extent the tension (or slackness) in the rod between adjacent stands differs from the desired norm. With this information available, the operator may then successively adjust the speeds of the rolls in the different stands so that the rod passes through the mill with the correct tension present in the rod between each pair of stands.
  • the invention also contemplates the inclusion of feedback mechanism which will cause automatic adjustment of the rolls upon each application of the testing procedure.
  • the invention may be referred to as a tensiometer and consists of a plurality of indicating units with one unit functioning between each pair of adjacent stands. Thus, if there were four stands in the mill, three units would be needed to give the tension indications required.
  • Each unit comprises transverse force applying means preferably in the form of a roller located just below the stock line about half way between the roll housings. The roller is attached to one arm of a bell crank which can be raised and lowered by means of an air or hydraulic actuated cylinder and piston or any other suitable mechanism. Between the cylinder piston rod and the other arm of the bell crank is located a socalled load cell, or any other suitable device for giving strain indications.
  • Energizing the cylinder causes the roller to be raised into contact with the stock as it is passing from one stand to the next.
  • the roller is raised on each testing operation to a prescribed height above the normal center line of the stock and in this position the force exerted on the roller by the deflected rod may be converted through the included load cell to give an indication of the tension existing in this part of the moving rod.
  • the tension in the then deflected rod will be slightly less. That is to say, whatever the degree of original tension in the undeflected rod, the tension will be somewhat greater when the roller of the tensiometer has been moved to testing position.
  • strain gauges in the load cell customarily function as a wheatstone bridge in an electrical circuit.
  • a force application applied to the load cell causes a bridge imbalance which results in a potential difference proportional to the level of the applied force.
  • the resulting change in current when amplified produces a usable signal.
  • this signal in the case of the tensiometer would be to provide on a gauge an indication of the force applied by the moving stock to the roller which advice can be used by the operator to make adjustment of the roll speeds. Additionally, the indication from the force applied could be used to actuate a feedback system to achieve automatic speed adjustment of I the rolls.
  • a load cell suitable for use in the present disclosure is that made by W. C. Dillon & Co., Inc., 1462 Keswick St., Van Nuys, Calif, and known as DILLON RE- MOTE INDICATING ELECTRONIC LOAD CELL SYSTEM.
  • the initial setting would be made by first actuating the tensiometer to shift the roller against the moving rod thereby to hold the rod in deflected position. Then the stock tension in the deflected rod would be reduced by appropriate varying of the roll speeds until the tensiometer readout needle became unstable, indicating that the stock was on the point of buckling. Roll speeds would be adjusted to increase the tension until the needle became steady. This steady gauge reading would be considered the norm for this section of rod.
  • the tensiometers In the second application designed to make automatic adjustment of roll speeds, the tensiometers would be timed to be applied automatically at suitable intervals. The resulting error signal would be used to instruct the motor speed controller to make the appropriate speed correction.
  • the tensiometer signals agreed with predetermined normal values, the tensiometer would be lowered'to inoperative position. As a quality control aid, the tensiometer signals could be recorded' for a later correlation with rod inspection records.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic showing of the invention in which there are three tensiometers each located between adjacent stands in a four-stand mill.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevation of one of the actuating units with the roller arm in a down inoperative position.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged elevation similar to FIG. 2 showing the roller engaging the rod after having moved through the prescribed distance to cause rod deflection.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown schematically a four-stand rolling mill with the horizontal rolls of the first stand indicated at 2 and 3, the vertical rolls of the second stand indicated at 4, the horizontal rolls of the third stand indicated at 6 and 7, and the vertical rolls of the fourth stand indicated at 8.
  • the stock being rolled is indicated generally at 10 and its normal rolling position between successive stands is indicated at l2, l4 and 16.
  • the stock feeding into the rolls 2 and 3 is ordinarily in billet form and the rolled rod on leaving the rolls 8 of the fourth stand will have been reduced in cross-sectional area to the size desired.
  • the horizontal distance between the rolls of the several stands in a typical installation may be in the order of 4 feet, so that when the rod is passing through the mill under proper adjustment for tension between the stands, there will be little if any sagging of the rod below the normal center line positions at l2, l4 and l6.
  • fluid actuated cylinders shown at 18, 20 and 22. These cylinders are mounted on any suitable fixed structure as at 24, 26 and 28.
  • the fluid cylinder 18, illustrative also of cylinders 20 and 22, is shown in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the cylinder has therein a piston 30 from which extends a piston rod 32.
  • Fluid supply lines 34 and 36 under suitable valve control, alternately supply fluid to cause the piston 30 to move through a fixed stroke from one end of the cylinder to the other.
  • Piston 32 is connected at 40 to the load cell 38 of a tensiometer.
  • the other end of the load cell 38 is pivotally connected at 42 to the arm 44 of a bell crank 46 pivoted on fixed structure at 48.
  • the other arm 50 of bell crank 46 has mounted on its end a grooved roller 52 pivoted for free rotation at 54.
  • roller 52 With piston 30 in its down position as shown in FIG. 2, the roller 52 will be located and free of engagement with the moving stock or rod 10 as it advances from the horizontal rolls 2 and 3 to the vertical rolls 4 of the second roll stand.
  • bell crank 46 is rotated clockwise through a constant angle on each occasion of piston operation and causes the roller 52 to move transversely of the rod 10 to first engage the rod and then to lift it for a fixed distance at a localized position approximately midway between the roll stands as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the tension in the rod between the first and second stands will be increased and there will be a force against roller 52 directly related to the tension existing in rod 10 prior to its deflection by roller 52.
  • the lever system for actuating the force applying means could be altered to place the load cell 38 in compression without changing the movement of roller 52 against the rod 10.
  • the force of the deflected rod 10 against roller 52 whatever it may be, will be indicated on the tensiometer gauge 56 actuated by the tension (or compression, as the case may be) then existing in the load cell 38.
  • the second cylinder 20 and its related tensiometer is brought into operation to give an indication of the then existing tension in section 14 of the rod as it passes freely between the second and third stands.
  • the speeds of rolls 6 and 7 may be adjusted to bring the tension of section 14 of the rod to the desired norm.
  • the tensiometer controlled by cylinder 22 is brought into operation in the same manner in which cylinders 18 and 20 were actuated and a third tensiometer reading will be obtained on gauge 56 indicating the tension conditions existing in freely running undeflected section 16 of rod 10. Adjustments of the speed of rolls 8 may then be made to bring the tension of section 16 to the desired norm.
  • the invention as claimed is intended to encompass all types of rolling mills, ferrous or non-ferrous, regardless of the type of billet supply means. its preferred use has been in the rolling of non-ferrous rod fed by a continuous casting wheel.
  • transversely moving the stock at a position intermediate the said adjacent roll stands a standard fixed distance by the application of a transverse force thereby to deflect the stock and to increase the tension therein;
  • apparatus for determining the tension present in the product being rolled as it is passing from one stand to the next comprising: a product engaging element located between said stands; support means for carrying said product engaging element for movement in a direction transverse to the path traveled by the product passing between said stand; operating means associated with said support means for moving the product engaging element a predetermined constant distance whereby said element will engage the product and move the engaged part of the product a uniform transverse distance in relation to its normal path of travel between said roll stands and whereby the product will press against said element with a force which is predictably related to the undeflected product tension; a load cell included as part of said support means and located between said product engaging element and said operating means; and, means actuated by said load cell for indicating said force.
  • said support means is comprised of a bell crank pivotally mounted for movement about an axis spaced laterally from and extending in a direction transverse to the path traveled by the product passing between the roll stands, said product engaging element being mounted on one arm of the crank, and said load cell being pivotally attached at opposite ends respectively to the other of said crank and said operating means.
  • said operating means comprises a fluid operated piston-cylinder assembly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Control Of Metal Rolling (AREA)
US00210852A 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Tensiometer Expired - Lifetime US3744288A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21085271A 1971-12-22 1971-12-22

Publications (1)

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US3744288A true US3744288A (en) 1973-07-10

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US00210852A Expired - Lifetime US3744288A (en) 1971-12-22 1971-12-22 Tensiometer

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3744288A (de)
JP (1) JPS4873185A (de)
DE (1) DE2261176C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2164822B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1384719A (de)
ZA (1) ZA728767B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4367832A (en) * 1979-03-26 1983-01-11 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Loop lifter
US6112566A (en) * 1998-07-14 2000-09-05 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Rolling method for rod-shaped rolling stock, Particularly rod steel or wire
US20100229614A1 (en) * 2009-03-15 2010-09-16 Tyl Thomas W Method to straighten metallic filament
CN105562443A (zh) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 合肥神马科技集团有限公司 一种拉丝机及其张力反馈系统的调节和检测方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5956134A (ja) * 1982-09-25 1984-03-31 Mitsubishi Electric Corp ケ−ブル延線張力検出装置
DE3419697A1 (de) * 1984-05-25 1985-11-28 SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Einrichtung zur regelung des bandzuges in einer warmbandwalzenstrasse
IS2972A7 (is) * 1985-01-21 1986-01-21 Style Ltd., Ragnar Magnusson Sjálfvirk, örtölvustýrð færavinda.

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2345765A (en) * 1942-04-13 1944-04-04 Aluminum Co Of America Tension controlling apparatus
US3169420A (en) * 1960-07-06 1965-02-16 United Eng Foundry Co Apparatus for tensioning strip
US3169422A (en) * 1960-09-28 1965-02-16 Davy & United Eng Co Ltd Tension looper system
US3188841A (en) * 1962-03-16 1965-06-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Multistand sampling tension regulating system
US3334502A (en) * 1962-12-24 1967-08-08 Siemens Ag Strip thickness control apparatus for a rolling mill
US3581536A (en) * 1969-04-17 1971-06-01 Gen Electric Apparatus for sensing the unstressed shape of a thin strip subjected to high tensile stress

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB970411A (en) * 1959-12-03 1964-09-23 Davy & United Eng Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the control of tension of moving elongate material ina rolling mill

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2345765A (en) * 1942-04-13 1944-04-04 Aluminum Co Of America Tension controlling apparatus
US3169420A (en) * 1960-07-06 1965-02-16 United Eng Foundry Co Apparatus for tensioning strip
US3169422A (en) * 1960-09-28 1965-02-16 Davy & United Eng Co Ltd Tension looper system
US3188841A (en) * 1962-03-16 1965-06-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Multistand sampling tension regulating system
US3334502A (en) * 1962-12-24 1967-08-08 Siemens Ag Strip thickness control apparatus for a rolling mill
US3581536A (en) * 1969-04-17 1971-06-01 Gen Electric Apparatus for sensing the unstressed shape of a thin strip subjected to high tensile stress

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4367832A (en) * 1979-03-26 1983-01-11 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Loop lifter
US6112566A (en) * 1998-07-14 2000-09-05 Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Rolling method for rod-shaped rolling stock, Particularly rod steel or wire
US20100229614A1 (en) * 2009-03-15 2010-09-16 Tyl Thomas W Method to straighten metallic filament
CN105562443A (zh) * 2014-11-10 2016-05-11 合肥神马科技集团有限公司 一种拉丝机及其张力反馈系统的调节和检测方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA728767B (en) 1973-08-29
GB1384719A (en) 1975-02-19
DE2261176A1 (de) 1973-07-05
JPS4873185A (de) 1973-10-02
DE2261176B2 (de) 1978-03-30
FR2164822B1 (de) 1976-08-27
DE2261176C3 (de) 1978-11-23
FR2164822A1 (de) 1973-08-03

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