US374056A

US374056A - gaume

Info

Publication number: US374056A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1887-11-29
Anticipated expiration: 1904-11-29

Description

t 6 8 h s S M e h S 4 H M U A G B J G (No Model.)

. GAS ENGINE. No. 374,056.

Patented Nov. 29, 1887.

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c. J. B. GAUME GAS ENGINE. i No. 314,056. Patented Nov. 29, 1887.

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0. J. B. GAUME.

GAS ENGINE. No. 374,056. Patented Nov, '29, 1887'.

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UNITED STATES l PATENT ()FEIQE.

CHARLES J. GAUME, OF- BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO THE CONTINENTAL GAS ENGINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y;

GAS-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 374,056 dated November 29, 1887,

Application filed February 8, 1887. Serial No. 226,62. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, CHARLES J. B. GAUME, of the city of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gas-Engines, of which the following is a full, true, and complete description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to an improvement in to compression gas-engines in which the firing is done by aflame of gas carried from them:- ternal air and gas-supp] y into communication with the mixture within the engine to be exploded. It also relates to improvements in the valve mechanism and to structural details in machines which are applicable to other forms of gasengine beside that which I shall here specifically describe.

My invention is shown as applied to an engine in which the piston is used during one stroke to compress the gas which is fired on the next stroke. The general structure is such that as the piston advances during the first 2 5 stroke the mixture of air and gas are drawn into it, and on the return-stroke they are compressed. On the following or third movement they are fired, and on the fourth movement they are expelled and the series of operations recommences.

In my drawings similar letters refer to similar parts.

Figure 1 represents an external plan View of my engine; Fig. 2, a lateral elevation of the same on the fly-wheel side. Fig. 3, an end view, partly in section, showing the cylinder and governor; Fig. 4., a horizontal central section through the cylinder-head, showing various connections; Fig. 5, a section at right 4o angles to Fig. 4, through the cylinder-head on the line 5 5, Fig. 10; Fig. 6, a section through the cylinder-head on the line 6 6, Fig. 10; Fig. 7, a sectional view of the exhaust-valve; Fig. 8, an external view of the cylinder-head cap; 5 Fig. 9, a view of the outside of the cylinderhead with the cap removed; Fig. 10, a view of thecylinder side of the cylinder-head,showing the ports and connections; Fig. 11, a view of the cylinder-head at right angles to the view shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 12, an outside view of the cylinder with the port-plate in position, showing the method of supporting the same; Fig. 13, an inside view of the revolving valve; Fig. 14, a side view of the same, showing the valve-stem; Fig. 15, a view of the outside of the revolving valve; Fig. 16, a View of the inside of the port-plate; Fig. 17, a View of the outside of the port-plate corresponding to the View shown in Fig. 12; Fig. 18, a vertical sec tion through the cylinder-head and connecting parts.

My apparatus consists, generally, of a cylinder, 0, piston-rod, crank-shaft, and'fly-wheel B, mounted upon a suitable bed, A.

The valves for admitting air and gas to the engine areal-ranged generally at the end of the cylinder most distant from the fly-wheel, the opposite end of the cylinder being open.

The piston is shown at P.

The movement of the valves is controlled by the gear-wheel G, which is driven by the pinion F, which is driven by the shaft D and miter-gears E E, Fig. 1. These gears are so arranged as that the-main shaft revolves twice for one revolution of the gear-wheel G.

Within the gear-wheel G are two cam-wheels,

g g, which revolve together with the gearwheel. The outside cam-wheel, g, has a camsurface, f, and the inside cam-wheel, g, has a cam-surface, f, Fig. 3,for the purposes of regu- 8o lating the exhaust and. gas-supply, respectively, as will be hereinafter explained.

The gear-wheel G is extended outward, as shown at 6, Fig. 18, and by a suitable feather and slot or other suitable mechanism rotates 8 5 the valve-stem a, which is capable of longitudinal movement through the wheel G. This stem 0 rotates the valve V, which valve is drawn back against the cylinder-head H by means of the spring s and nut t, Fig. 18, thereby 9o maintaining a tight joint between the valve V and the cylinder-head H.

' Within the valve V is the port-plate K. This port-plate K is prevented from revolving by suitable guides, g, which slide in guid- 5 ing-slots in the cylinder-frame, and is drawn back against the revolving valve by tensionrods 1' and springs having their hearings in the cylinder-head H, as shown in Fig. 18. This port-plate is made hollow to allow of a current of water flowing through it. This water passes through the pipes u a, Fig. 4, which aremade sufficiently flexible to allow of the adjustment of the portplatc against the valve by the tension of the springs. It will be seen that by this arrangement the revolving valve is packed against the cylinder-head and the port-plate against the valve by the tension of constantly drawing springs, which arrangement makes those parts'tight and allows for any wear. 7

Gas is admitted to the apparatus through pipes 0 and o, and the firing-gas is admitted through the pipe w. The pipe 0 admits the gas which operates the machine. The pipe 1) admits the gas used in filling the chamber in the valve which tires the gas within the cylindcr.

Outside of the cylindcrhead II is the covercap J, which has but one opening, 1), (shown in Fig. 8,) which is opposite the outlet of the firing-pipe m, Fig. 5. The cylinder-head has a passage, b", corresponding to the opening I) in the cap, and which communicates directly with the chimney b, as shown in Fig. 5.

The ports in the cylinder-head and its gencral structure are shown clearly in detail in Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12. The cylinder-headis provided with five ports opening inward, as shown in Fig. 10. The port b communicates direct-iv with the chimney b, as shown in Fig.

5. The port Z) is op )osite the firing-pi )e w. I

The port 2' communicates with the pipe 2; and serves to deliver gas for tiring to the chamber within the valve. The port h communicates with the suction air-pipe h, as shown in Fig. 6, and the port d communicates directly with the gas-pipe 0, as shown in Fig. 10.

The revolving valve is shown clearly in Figs. 13, 1t, and 15. This valve has three ports or openings on the cylinder-head side and one opening on the port-plate side. It has a hollow chamber, (1, within it, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 13 and 15. Its direction of revolution is indicated by the arrows. On the cylinder-head sidethere are three openings or ports into the chamber in the valve-m, which corresponds at some point of the revolution with the port I) in the cylinder-head; 7:,

which corresponds with the openings h and b" in the revolution of the valve, and l, which corresponds with the openings (1 and z in the head in the course of the revolution. On the opposite side of the valve there is only one opening, 7;, (shown in Fig. 13,) which come sponds in its revolution with the openings at and p, out directly through the port-plate it.

The operation of the valve and firing apparatus can now be understood. The piston in its traverse does not move up to the cylinderhead, and does not at any point of its stroke entirely cover the exhaust-port R in the side of the cylinder. Assume the cylinder to be empty and the piston commencing the first outward stroke. As it moves forward, the valve V is so connected that the port Z of the valve begins to come into connection with the gas-port d in the cylinder-head, and simultaneously the port it in the valve comes into communication with the air-port h in the head, which connections continue during the first or out stroke of the piston. During this same time the port 7.1 on the inside of the valve is in communication with the port a in the port plate. These communications cause air and gas to be drawn into the cylinder as the piston recedes during that quarter of the revolution of the valve. At the end of that quarter-revolution and at the commencement of the instroke or second movement of the piston the ports last named pass out of corre spondence, but the port 7; in the valve begins to correspond with the firingport b" in the cylinder-head, and simultaneously-the port Z in the valve comes into communication with the gas-porti in the head. At the same time the port in in the valve comes into communication with the port I) in the cylinder-head. This position is shown in Fig. 5, when the operation of the chimney draws air and gas into the chamber d within the valve, which are immediately fired by reason of the fact that the firingport Zfcommunicates with said chamber through the port kin the valve. At this point it will be observed there is no communication with the interior of the cylinder; but the chamber within the valves become filled with burning gas, while simultaneously the gas and air in the cylinder is being compressed by the return of the piston. Immediatcly after passing the center on the commencement of the third movemcntor second outstroke of the piston the port in the valve communicates with the firing-port p in the port-plate, thereby igniting the compressed gas and air behind the piston. The period of time between charging the chamber in the valve and its communication with the firingport 1) for firing the charge is so small that combustion still continues. Du ring the third stroke of the piston all the valveports remain closed, which is likewise the case during the fourth movement or second instroke ot' the piston, excepting that at the commencement of this stroke the exhaust-valve is opened. This exhaust-valve is shown in detail in Fig. 7.

The exhaust-valve consists of a puppetvalve, j, closing downward. Itis forced to its seat by a spring, j. Its valve-stem rests upon the end 01' the bcllcrank lever L, which is carried outward by a horizontal arm in bearing L, Fig. 2, so that its upper arm shall be operated by the cam-surface f, so as to elevate its other end and raise the valve j during about a quarter of the revolution. The exhaust passing by the valve j escapes by the chimney M.

A suitable gas-valve, N, by preference a puppet-valve, is placed in the gas-supply pipe 0. This valve is operated by a bell-crank lever, S, pivoted at S. The lower arm of this lever, S", by preference slightly curved, opens the gas-valve N when the camsurl'acef engages with the uppcr arm of the bell-crank lever S, provided the arm T is interposed between the arm S and the valve-stem of valve N. This arm T is pivoted at T to the lever Tfipivoted at T The lower end of the lever T communicates at T with the link '1 through the long rock-shaft T".

The link T is operated by the lever T ,pivoted at T The upper end of this lever is expanded into a collar, T, which can move longitudinally in and out upon the main shaft of the fly-wheel.

An ordinary ball governor, T is arranged, as shown in Fig. 3, so that when the revolution is too rapid the balls move outward compressing the springs, drawing outward the rods and connecting-links T, moving the collar outward and the arm T inward, and thereby through the levers shown withdrawing the arm T from between the arm S and the valve-stem N, when the arm S can no longer depress the valve. By this method the gas-supply can be exactly controlled. The

cylinder itself is preferably water-jacketed,as shown, and the circulation of water maintained through the waterjacket and also through the port-plate.

By my invention, as will be seen, the operation of admitting air and gas and firing the gas is done by the movementof one valve. It will be further seen that there is at no time a direct communication between the firing-flame and the inside of the cylinder, so that thereis no liability to blow out this flame or to permit an escape of the compressed gas at the time of firing, which is manifestly a great advantage in this class of contrivances.

The apparatus is likewise very simple and easy to construct.

I am aware that it is old in gas engines to interpose between the valve in the gas-supply pipe and a cam on a rotary shaft which intermittently operates said valve a rod carrying aprojection, which, Whentheengineis running at normal speed, is impinged upon by a lever operated by the said cam, which rod is connected with and has its position controlled by a governor, so that when too high a speed is attained the projection onsaid rod will be with drawn and connection between the said valve and cam broken. I therefore disclaim such construction; but that which I have herein shown for a similar purpose differs therefrom and possesses features of novelty which especially adapt it to the machine upon which it is shown.

What I claim as myinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is*

1. The combination, in a gas-engine, with the cylinder and the gas and air supply pipes, of a moving valve having a chamber therein, ports adapted, when the valve is in proper position, to make communication through said chamber with the cylinder and the air and gas supply pipes, a port or ports through which said chamber is filled and fired when not in communication with the cylinder, and a port or ports whereby the inflamed gas in said chamber is brought into communication with the charge in the cylinder when the communication with the exterior of the cylinder is shut off, substantially as described.

2. In agas-engine,the combination, with the cylinder and the air and gas supply pipes, of a port-plate, a cylinder-head, and a valve rotating between the same and provided with passages communicating with the air and gas supply pipe and with the cylinder, and also with a passage for firing the charge communicating with the cylinderafter the chargingpassages have been closed, substantially as described.

3. In a gas-engine, the combination, with the cylinder and the air and gas supply pipes, of a rotating valve having formed therein passages aclapted, when the'valvc is in proper position, to make communication between the air and gas supply pipe and the cylinder, and

having formed therein a chamber with ports opening therein and adapted, when the valve is in proper position, to make communication with a draft-chimney, a pipe for charging the chamber with gas, and an igniting-flame, said chamber also having a port adapted, immediately after the gas in the chamber has been fired, to make communication with the cylinder to fire the charge therein, the relation of the ports being such that when the charge is fired all communication between the cylinder p and the exterior air and the chamber and the flame which ignited the gas therein is out off, substantially as described.

4. The combination, in a gasengine, of the cylinder-head H, having ports (1, h, i, bf, and lg, the valve V, having ports la, 70, Z, and m and chamber (1', and the port-plate K, having ports 1) and a, substantially as described.

5. The combination, in a gas-engine, ofrolating valve V, held against the seat. by spring 8, and the non-rotating port-plate K, held against the valve by springs, substantially as described.

6. In a gas-engine, the combination of the cam-surfacef; bell-crank lever S, borne upon by the said cam, gas-valve N, provided with a stem in proximity to the free arm of lever S, an arm, T, normally interposed between the said lever and valve-stem, and mechanism for withdrawing the same upon the increase of speed of the engine, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

- O. J. B. GAUME.

Witnesses:

' ANTHONY GREF,

WM. A. POLLOOK.