US3716710A - Lamp comprising an elongated light source,particularly a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp,and shade of transparent material - Google Patents

Lamp comprising an elongated light source,particularly a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp,and shade of transparent material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3716710A
US3716710A US00029088A US3716710DA US3716710A US 3716710 A US3716710 A US 3716710A US 00029088 A US00029088 A US 00029088A US 3716710D A US3716710D A US 3716710DA US 3716710 A US3716710 A US 3716710A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grooves
lamp
longitudinal
diagonal
light source
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00029088A
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English (en)
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F Clostermann
H Richter
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Trilux GmbH and Co KG
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Trilux Lenze GmbH and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V5/00—Refractors for light sources

Definitions

  • the lamp shade has its surface provided with a first set of grooves defining ridged elevations between them and extending parallel to the axis of the elongated light source, and two sets of diagonal grooves symmetrically crossing said first set of grooves in such a manner that the vertex lines defining the bottoms of the troughs formed by the diagonal grooves intersect on the lines of the ridges between neighboring longitudinal grooves and thereby divide the surface into panels of which each contains a prismatic center configuration having a face on each side of a longitudinal ridge, two quarter faces divided by a hip at each end of the ridge and a triangular base pyramid adjoining the foot of the face on each side of the ridge.
  • This invention relates to a lamp comprising an elongated light source, particularly a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp, and a shade of transparent material having a surface bearing a set of grooves extending parallel to the elongated light source and intersected by further grooves crossing them at an angled.
  • the intersecting sets of grooves thus give rise to the formation between them of prismatic configuration having a central crest and a sloping face on each side.
  • the principal object of the invention is to distribute the light of the lamp primarily in the broadside direction, a further object being to render the interiors of the lamps less visible than through the shades already known in the art. Moreover, it is also intended that the lamp shades and the tools needed for making the shades should be producible at an economical price.
  • the present invention provides a lamp comprising an elongated light source, such as a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp, and a lamp shade of transparent material having a surface provided with a first set of grooves defining ridged elevations between them and extending parallel to the axis of the elongated light source, and two sets of diagonal grooves symmetrically crossing said first set of grooves in such a manner that the vertex lines defining the bottoms of the troughs formed by the diagonal grooves intersect on the lines of the ridges between neighboring longitudinal grooves and thereby divide the surface into panels of which each contains a prismatic center configuration having a face on each side of a longitudinal ridge, two quarter faces divided by a hip at each end of the ridge and a triangular base pyramid adjoining the foot of the face on each side of the ridge.
  • an elongated light source such as a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp
  • a lamp shade of transparent material having a surface provided with a first set of grooves defining ridged elevations between them and
  • the diagonal grooves will define square or diamond panels in which the prismatic configurations rise in the center. Pyramids on a triangular base are formed at the base of each side of the central prismatic configurations. Moreover, the diagonal grooves cutting across the elevations between neighboring longitudinal grooves give rise to the quarter faces formed between the hips and a crest descending from the end of the ridge to the point of intersection of the vertices of the troughs of the diagonal grooves.
  • That this arrangement destroys the clear view through the shade is due to the creation of the multiplicity of relatively small surfaces, such as of the pyramid faces, which have a flashing effect like that of a cut diamond.
  • the directed useful light is principally transmitted through the sloping side faces of the prismatic center configurations.
  • the idea which underlies the invention comprises a large number of possibilities of directing the light into given directions by selecting the pitch of the side faces.
  • the invention further proposes that the cross sections of the diagonal grooves should be Vee-shaped.
  • This cross section of the diagonal grooves can be combined with any desired cross sectional contour of the longitudinal grooves and the latter may for instance have the form of symmetrical or asymmetrical cylinder and like rod-shaped lenses.
  • the diagonal grooves should be so disposed that the vertex lines defining the bottoms of the grooves intersect on the lines of the ridges between the longitudinal grooves when viewed from above.
  • the pitch of the sides of the longitudinal grooves may be varied. More particularly the side faces may include a discontinuity where the pitch abruptly changes.
  • the invention further proposes that such a discontinuity line should also appear on the quarter faces at the ends of the prismatic center configurations.
  • the sides of the diagonal grooves must likewise be divided by a discontinuity line dividing the sides into faces of different pitch.
  • the quarter faces of the prismatic configuration can thus also be used for directionally controlling the emitted light.
  • the flashing cut-diamond effect of the pyramids which prevents the interior of the lamp from being seen can be improved if, according to the invention, the faces of the pyramids are also divided by discontinuity lines. This can be achieved if the discontinuity lines on the side of the longitudinal and diagonal grooves are at a sufficiently low level.
  • the angle of intersection between the longitudinal and diagonal grooves may be less than 45.
  • the panels defined by the intersecting diagonals will be diamond-shaped, causing the side faces of the prismatic center configurations to be more elongated. This effect can also be utilized for controlling the direction of emission of light from the lamp.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a lamp with a shade provided with the proposed groovings
  • FIG. 1A is a side view of the lamp shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 1B is a partial end view of the lamp shown in FIG. 1 indicating the configuration of the grooves;
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view, on a larger scale, of several square panels defined by grooves provided in the lamp shade surface, the cross sections of the intersecting grooves being triangular;
  • FIG. 2A is a section on the line 2A2A of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 2B is a section on the line 28-28 of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 3, 3A and 3B show cross sections of a second embodiment with a pitch descontinuity forming a salient angle in the section;
  • FIGS. 4, 4A and 4B show a third embodiment comprising triangular-base pyramids having faces divided by discontinuity lines;
  • FIGS. 5, 5A and 5B show a fourth embodiment of a groove cross section having a pitch discontinuity forming a reentrant angle in the section;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a fifth embodiment having a configuration obtained by diagonal grooves intersecting the longitudinal grooves at an angle of less than 45;
  • FIGS. 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E and 7F illustrate other possible groove configurations of the cylinder lens type.
  • FIGS. 1, 1A, and 1B is a lamp casing, 10 is the associated shade of transparent material.
  • the undersurface of the shade 10 has the configuration proposed by the invention. It is provided with a set of parallel longitudinal grooves 11 extending parallel to the lamp or lamps. In cross section these grooves 11 are triangular. The elevations 12 between neighboring grooves are likewise triangular in cross section. The grooves are diagonally intersected at angles of 45 by two further sets of grooves 13, also of triangular cross section.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of several squares defined by the intersecting diagonal grooves and shows sections taken on the diagonal line AA and on the transverse line B-B.
  • section BB are the triangular section longitudinal grooves (section BB), 21 being the vertex lines of the troughs formed by these grooves.
  • the elevations 200 between the grooves 20 are likewise triangular in cross section and form ridges 22.
  • the section A-A shows the diagonal grooves 23 which are likewise triangular in cross section and form sharp-angled troughs 24.
  • the edges 23a of adjacent diagonal grooves 23 are spaced from each other.
  • the intersecting diagonal grooves 23 run at angles of 45 and define a system of squares having comers at the intersection points 27 where the vertex lines 24 of the troughs or grooves 23 intersect.
  • the intersection points 27 are located on the projections of the lines of the ridges 22.
  • the bottom end of the side face 26 on each side of the central prismatic elevation is adjoined by a pyramid 28 on a triangular base. These pyramids 28 complete the square.
  • the utilized light is emitted in desired directions at the calculated optical angles, particularly from the side faces 26. Light is also emitted through the quarter faces 25. By appropriately selecting the angles of the diagonal grooves the same emission effect can be imparted to these quarter faces 25.
  • the interior of the lamp is obscured particularly by the joint effect of the pyramids which surround each prismatic center elevation and generate the flashing effect of a cut diamond.
  • the cross section of longitudinal grooves 30 includes a Vee angle 31 of in the trough, whereas the angle at the ridge 32 is about due to the pitch of the sides including a discontinuity 33. These angles are governed by the desired directional emission of the light.
  • the diagonal grooves 34 are likewise of triangular cross section forming an angle in the troughs at 35 of 90, and they also have a similar discontinuity at 36.
  • the view of the surface in plan shows that the discontinuities 33 and 36 extend around the center elevation in a plane parallel to the base.
  • the quarter faces as well as the side faces are thus divided into component faces 36a, 36b of different pitch at the same angles of refraction.
  • the prismatic elevation has the appearance of being faceted. 38 are lateral pyramids.
  • discontinuity 43 respectively 46 in the longitudinal grooves and the diagonal grooves are at a lower level. Consequently a discontinuity line 49 also cuts the faces of the pyramids 48 and these pyramids therefore likewise appear as if they were bevelled. The cut diamond effect of the pyramids is thus increased.
  • the angle at the ridge 52 is 90. It has been found that when this is the case some reflection occurs in the neighborhood of the ridge and that this contributes to preventing the interior of the lamp from being seen, as intended by the invention. If the vertex angle in the trough 51 of the grooves is 130 a discontinuity forming a re-entrant dihedral angle appears at 53.
  • the angle 63 between longitudinal grooves 61 and diagonal grooves 65 is less than 45 when seen in plan.
  • the squares are therefore changed to diamonds and the side faces 62 are more elongated and enlarged.
  • these may be arched, forming elongated cylinder lenses, possibly of differing cross sections, as illustratively indicated in FIGS. 7, 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, 7E and 7F.
  • the arched surfaces may be concave as at 72, convex as at 70, symmetrical as at 71 or asymmetrical as at 73, 74 and 76. They may also be combined with flat faces 75.
  • Vee-section diagonal grooves may be provided and so disposed that the lines of intersection, i.e. the hips, adjoin the ridges and the vertex lines of the troughs.
  • the diagonal grooves may also have arched sides, care being taken to see that the discontinuity lines where the pitch changes abruptly are also contour lines.
  • the invention is applicable to lamps having elongated light sources of all kinds, particularly rod-shaped fluorescent lamps, but also to linear arrays of incandescent lamps and so forth.
  • the invention is further applicable to trough-shaped, tubular or disc-shaped lamp shades made of silica glass or transparent plastics.
  • the prismatic and pyramidal configurations are elevations.
  • the prismatic and pyramidal configurations are elevations.
  • the invention can be carried into effect by simple production methods because the longitudinal and diagonal grooves are quite easily producible on conventional machine tools, for instance by cutting the grooves into steel platens which may then be used as dies for pressing the shade if the configurations are to be depressions. On the other hand, if the configurations are to be elevations, as in the described embodiments, then the tools required for pressing must, be negative copies of the machined matrices.
  • the proposed configurations may be provided on the insides or outsides of the shades.
  • a lamp comprising an elongated light source, such as at least one rod-shaped fluorescent lamp, and a lamp shade of transparent material, one surface of said shade having a plurality of spaced parallel longitudinal V- shaped grooves extending in a direction substantially parallel to the said elongated light source and forming parallel ridges between adjacent pairs of said longitudinal grooves, and two sets of equally spaced parallel V-shaped grooves extending diagonally to said longitudinal grooves, one of said sets being transverse to said other set and the vertex lines of said diagonal grooves having points of intersection which are in a vertical plane with said ridges between the longitudinal grooves, the edges of both sets of adjacent parallel diagonal grooves being spaced from each other by a flattened ridge area, whereby configurations on hexagonal bases surrounded by pyramids on triangular bases are formed within each zone of the surface of the shade defined by adjacent pairs of diagonal grooves of both sets, said configurations on the hexagonal bases are elongated prisms with a ridge line extending parallel to the elongated light source,
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein the vertex lines of said diagonal grooves form squares, each square containing one of said configurations on the hexagonal base and two of said pyramids on triangular bases, said longitudinal grooves extending diagonally across each of said squares parallel to said elongated light source and the vertex lines of adjacent longitudinal grooves passing through opposite corners of each of said squares define isosceles, right angled triangles, the legs of which are half the length of a side of the square.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein the angle at the ridge of the prismatic configuration is approximately 6.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein the vertex angle of both said longitudinal and diagonal grooves is about 90.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein the angle of the ridge of the prismatic configurations is approximately 8.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein the vertex angle of said longitudinal and diagonal grooves is approximately 130.
  • a lamp according to claim 1 wherein the surface of the lamp shade comprises depressions corresponding to the elevations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Securing Globes, Refractors, Reflectors Or The Like (AREA)
US00029088A 1969-04-21 1970-04-16 Lamp comprising an elongated light source,particularly a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp,and shade of transparent material Expired - Lifetime US3716710A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1920071A DE1920071C3 (de) 1969-04-21 1969-04-21 Leuchte mit langgestreckten Lampen und einer transparenten Abdeckung

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US3716710A true US3716710A (en) 1973-02-13

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US00029088A Expired - Lifetime US3716710A (en) 1969-04-21 1970-04-16 Lamp comprising an elongated light source,particularly a rod-shaped fluorescent lamp,and shade of transparent material

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US (1) US3716710A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT297843B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1920071C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2045490A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1302603A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL164126C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4862330A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-08-29 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Vehicle lamp
US4964636A (en) * 1988-02-23 1990-10-23 Hideyuki Ashihara Police baton with rotatable crosshandle
US4984144A (en) * 1987-05-08 1991-01-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company High aspect ratio light fixture and film for use therein
US5190370A (en) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company High aspect ratio lighting element
US5197734A (en) * 1989-01-20 1993-03-30 Hideyuki Ashihara Crosshanded guard baton (A)
US5197792A (en) * 1992-04-21 1993-03-30 General Motors Corporation Illuminator device for a display panel
US5274536A (en) * 1991-07-02 1993-12-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Mochiro Kikaku Illumination cover for fluorescent lamp
US5890791A (en) * 1995-10-13 1999-04-06 Konica Corporation Light control sheet, surface light source unit and liquid crystal display device
US5949346A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-09-07 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Light-driven display device
US5971570A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-10-26 Simon; Jerome H. Decorative prismatic lens jacket for a lineal source
US6033094A (en) * 1997-10-02 2000-03-07 Fresnel Technologies, Inc. Microlens array for improved illumination patterns
US6523980B2 (en) * 1999-05-20 2003-02-25 Zumtobel Staff Gmbh Optical element for deflecting light beams and method of production
US20040141241A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-07-22 Fresnel Technologies Inc. Imaging lens for infrared cameras
US20050271348A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-08 Hsin-Hsin Huang Hsu Prism sheet for a backlight module
US20070035843A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-02-15 Optical Research Associates Optical apparatus with flipped compound prism structures
US20070086207A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-04-19 Optical Research Associates Display systems including light enhancing structures with arrays of elongate features
US20070086086A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-04-19 Optical Research Associates Light enhancing structures with three or more arrays of elongate features
US20070091616A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-04-26 Optical Research Associates Light enhancing structures with multiple arrays of elongate features of varying characteristics
US20080080161A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Illumination device and inspection system having same
US20090027885A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Sony Corporation Optical film, lighting device and display unit
US20090073565A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US20090244907A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-10-01 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet
US20100002416A1 (en) * 2008-07-04 2010-01-07 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Optical plate and backlight module using the same
US20100188858A1 (en) * 1999-02-23 2010-07-29 Parker Jeffery R Light redirecting films and film systems
US7866871B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2011-01-11 Avery Dennison Corporation Light enhancing structures with a plurality of arrays of elongate features

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2527287B2 (de) * 1975-06-19 1979-11-29 Sylvan R. Shemitz And Associates, Inc., West Haven, Conn. (V.St.A.) Beleuchtungsanordnung zum Beleuchten eines Arbeitsplatzes
US4450509A (en) * 1982-08-17 1984-05-22 Thorn Emi Plc Lanterns for area lighting
NL8403064A (nl) * 1984-10-09 1986-05-01 Philips Nv Verlichtingseenheid.
DE19731142B4 (de) * 1997-07-18 2004-05-13 Kaul, Sabine Lichtverteilstruktur
DE102012102987A1 (de) 2012-04-05 2013-10-10 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik Gmbh Prismenplatte mit variierenden Flankenwinkeln
DE102012102986A1 (de) 2012-04-05 2013-10-10 Siteco Beleuchtungstechnik Gmbh Prismenplatte mit variierenden Flankenwinkeln

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2558422A (en) * 1948-08-27 1951-06-26 Leo Nickolas M De Antiglare lens with a central reticulated area and differently reticulated surrounding area

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4984144A (en) * 1987-05-08 1991-01-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company High aspect ratio light fixture and film for use therein
US4862330A (en) * 1987-09-21 1989-08-29 Koito Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Vehicle lamp
US4964636A (en) * 1988-02-23 1990-10-23 Hideyuki Ashihara Police baton with rotatable crosshandle
US5197734A (en) * 1989-01-20 1993-03-30 Hideyuki Ashihara Crosshanded guard baton (A)
US5274536A (en) * 1991-07-02 1993-12-28 Kabushiki Kaisha Mochiro Kikaku Illumination cover for fluorescent lamp
US5190370A (en) * 1991-08-21 1993-03-02 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company High aspect ratio lighting element
US5197792A (en) * 1992-04-21 1993-03-30 General Motors Corporation Illuminator device for a display panel
US5949346A (en) * 1995-06-07 1999-09-07 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Light-driven display device
US5890791A (en) * 1995-10-13 1999-04-06 Konica Corporation Light control sheet, surface light source unit and liquid crystal display device
US5971570A (en) * 1995-11-13 1999-10-26 Simon; Jerome H. Decorative prismatic lens jacket for a lineal source
US6033094A (en) * 1997-10-02 2000-03-07 Fresnel Technologies, Inc. Microlens array for improved illumination patterns
US8398274B2 (en) * 1999-02-23 2013-03-19 Rambus International Ltd. Light redirecting films including intersecting optical elements with flat and curved surfaces
US20100188858A1 (en) * 1999-02-23 2010-07-29 Parker Jeffery R Light redirecting films and film systems
US6523980B2 (en) * 1999-05-20 2003-02-25 Zumtobel Staff Gmbh Optical element for deflecting light beams and method of production
US20040141241A1 (en) * 2002-10-07 2004-07-22 Fresnel Technologies Inc. Imaging lens for infrared cameras
US7187505B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2007-03-06 Fresnel Technologies, Inc. Imaging lens for infrared cameras
US7474477B2 (en) 2002-10-07 2009-01-06 Fresnel Technologies, Inc. Imaging lens for infrared cameras
US20050271348A1 (en) * 2004-06-02 2005-12-08 Hsin-Hsin Huang Hsu Prism sheet for a backlight module
US20070091616A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-04-26 Optical Research Associates Light enhancing structures with multiple arrays of elongate features of varying characteristics
US7366393B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2008-04-29 Optical Research Associates Light enhancing structures with three or more arrays of elongate features
US20070086086A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-04-19 Optical Research Associates Light enhancing structures with three or more arrays of elongate features
US7545569B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2009-06-09 Avery Dennison Corporation Optical apparatus with flipped compound prism structures
US9075177B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2015-07-07 Avery Dennison Corporation Light enhancing structures with a plurality of arrays of elongate features
US20070035843A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-02-15 Optical Research Associates Optical apparatus with flipped compound prism structures
US7674028B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2010-03-09 Avery Dennison Corporation Light enhancing structures with multiple arrays of elongate features of varying characteristics
US20070086207A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-04-19 Optical Research Associates Display systems including light enhancing structures with arrays of elongate features
US7866871B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2011-01-11 Avery Dennison Corporation Light enhancing structures with a plurality of arrays of elongate features
US7988309B2 (en) * 2006-10-02 2011-08-02 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Corner cube member illumination device and inspection system having the same
US20080080161A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Illumination device and inspection system having same
US20090027885A1 (en) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Sony Corporation Optical film, lighting device and display unit
US8011802B2 (en) * 2007-07-24 2011-09-06 Sony Corporation Optical film, lighting device and display unit
US20090073565A1 (en) * 2007-09-17 2009-03-19 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US7656597B2 (en) * 2007-09-17 2010-02-02 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet and backlight module using the same
US8061877B2 (en) * 2008-03-28 2011-11-22 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet having parallelogram microstructures
US20090244907A1 (en) * 2008-03-28 2009-10-01 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Prism sheet
US7993020B2 (en) * 2008-07-04 2011-08-09 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Optical plate having triangular pyramidal depressions and backlight module using the same
US20100002416A1 (en) * 2008-07-04 2010-01-07 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Optical plate and backlight module using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1920071B2 (de) 1975-01-30
AT297843B (de) 1972-04-10
DE1920071C3 (de) 1979-07-19
DE1920071A1 (de) 1970-10-22
NL164126C (nl) 1980-11-17
GB1302603A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-10
FR2045490A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-02-26
NL7005671A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-10-23
NL164126B (nl) 1980-06-16

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