US371120A - Robert h - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

R. H. AVERY 8v L. B. BERRIEN.

. WINDMILL.

110.371,120. Patented Oct. 4, 1887.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

`ROBERT H. AVERY AND LEONARD B. EERRIEN, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS, AS- SIGNORS TO THE AVERY PLANTER COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

WINDMILL.V

- SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 371,120, dated October 4, 1887.

(No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it may concern: just above the platform, where its lower` end Be it known that we, ROBERT H. AVERY is fastened to the upper end of a second rod, and LEONARD B. BERRIEN, both of Peoria, in M', which is hollow from end to end, and is the county of Peoria, in the State of Illinois, preferably coincident with the vertical axis of have invented an Improved Windmill; and the mill. This hollow rod M extends down- 5;

we do hereby declare that the following is a ward through the cross-bar E', and its lower full, clear, and exact description thereof, ref end is swiveled to the upper end of the lower erence being had to the annexed drawings, section ofthe pump-rod M, which, like the making a part of this specification, in which upper section, is set slightly at one side of the io like letters of reference refer to like parts, and vertical axis of the mill. The three sections 6o in which M M M together form a single pump-rod; but Figure l represents a perspective view of the swiveled connection of the rod M and the the entire mill; Fig. 2, a face View of the lower section M permits the free rotation of double pulley D E, Fig. 3, an edge view of the turnpost, and the offset of the sections M I5 same; Fig. 4, a side elevation of the latch A M from the hollow section Mlcaves the latter 65 and arm V; Fig. 5, an elevation of the turnopen for the passage ofa regulating-rod, as is post of the mill and certain of its attachments, hereinafter set forth. Y especially the catch B and the upper and lower On the rear edge of the top plate, 1?', is a pivotal bearings of the vane. project-ion in which is formed a suitable bear- Theinvention is fully described, explained, ing for` a pivot or gudgeon, and on the rear -7o and claimed in this specification, and illusedge of one of the castings P2 is formed a trated in the views above mentioned, in projection, G, in which is lformed a second whichbearing similar to the first. The upper bear- R R are the posts of an ordinary windmilling is slightly at one side of the vertical plane tower. of the wind-wheel shaft, and the lower bear- 75 S is a platform resting on and rigidly fasting is on the same side of said plane, but farened to the tops of the posts, and P is an open ther from it than the upper, and at the same or hollow vertical turn-post passing through time is considerably farther from the vertical a preferably central opening in the platform plane of the wind-wheel than the upper bear- S and supported by a crossbar, R', beneath ing, as is clearly shown in Fig. 5. The line 8o the platform. The lower end of the turn-post joining the two bearings is the axis of oscillais stepped in a suitable socket resting on the tionV of a vane, V, having the ordinary midcrossbar, and its middle, which lies in the rib and provided with a gudgeon, V2, Fig. 5, horizontal plane ofthe platform S, is encircled which enters the upper bearing, and a brace,

by castings I, in which are journaled anti- F, whose lower end enters the lower bearing. 85 friction rollers S', resting against the wall of The Obliquity ofthe pivot or axis of oscillation the circular opening in the platform, and of the vane causes its weight (when not counthereby holding the turn-post in position and terbalanced in any way) to swing the vane insuring its free rotation. into a position approximately parallel to the io To the top of the turn-post is fastened a vertical plane of the wind-wheel and to resist go plate, P', provided with a suitable bearing in any effort to bring the vane out of said posiwhich is journaled an approximately-horizon tion. When the vane is in this position,which tal wind-wheel shaft, bent to form a crank at is the one illustrated in Fig. l, the mill is said a point slightly lat one side of the axis of rotato be outof thewind, since the vane and windtion of the turn post, or vertical axis of the wheel are both held approximately parallel to 95 mill. On the outer end of the Windwheel the line of the wind, and the force of the Wind shaft is rigidly mounted a wind-wheel of any has no tendency to rotate the wheel. We are desired construction, and on the crank, at its aware that it has heretofore been proposed to inner end, is suspended the upper section of pivot a vane obliquely to the turn-post or 5o apump-rod,M,extending.downward to a point turn-table of a windmill; but so far as we roo 65 both of said parts eccentrically, the point of know the mill shown and described herein is the first in which the Obliquity of the pivot has beenrsuch as to cause the weight of the vane to carry it from its normal working position, approximately at right angles to the plane of the wind-wheel, into a position parallel to the plane of the wind-wheel.

In order to prevent slight oscillation of the vane with reference to the wind-wheel when the mill is out of the wind, we have provided it with a latch, A, pivoted at A2, Fig. 4, to an arm, V', which is fastened rigidly to the midrib of the vane and is really an extension thereof. The latch has a vertical oscillation, limited in extent by a guard, c, attached to the arm V', and engages, when the mill is fully out of the wind, with a catch, B, Figs. l, 4, 5, fastened to the turn-post. The end A of the latch opposite the catch Bis directly above the pivot A2, and a chain, N, is fastened to the latch at this point, and passes thence about a horizontal pulley journaled in the end of the arm V', aV horizontal pulley, O, journaled in the plate P', and a vertical pulley, O, also journaled in said plate, and extends downward from the last-named pulley to the periphery of a pulley, E, journaled in the turnpost, the lower end of the chain being fastened to said pulley E. A larger pulley,D,is fastened to or formed integral with the pulley E, and the upper end of a second chain, N', is secured to the periphery of this second pulley, the lower end of said chain N' being fastened to the upper end of a rod, N, which extends downward through the hollow section M of the pump-rod and is hooked to a lever, H, one of whose ends is pivoted to the tower of the mill, while the opposite end supports,when desired, a weight, J.

It is evident that when the weight J is placed on t-he free end of the lever H the first effect ofthe consequent downward motion of the lever is to throw the end of the latch A out of engagement with the catch B, and that the farther downward motion of the lever must draw the free end of the arm V toward the horizontal pulley O, and thus swing the vane into its normal working position approximately at right angles. to the plane of the wind-wheel. In other words, the weighted lever furnishes a means of overcoming the effect of the Obliquity of the vane-pivot, and serves to hold the mill in the wind with a force varying in accordance with the mass of the weight and its position on the lever.

It is evident that if the pulley D E be omitted from the structure, or if both its parts D E be centrally-pivoted circles, the force exerted by the weight upon the vane will be the same in all positions of the vane with reference to the wheel; but as it is desirable to c have the weight exert a varying force on the vane-that is, a force which is least when the mill is fully in the wind and greatest when the mill is fully out of the wind-we have mounted greatest eccentricity of the part D being directly opposite the corresponding point on the part E. Ve have also given the chains N N' such lengths, respectively, that when the mill is fully out of the wind, as shown in Fig. l, the chain N is tangent to the pulley E at its point of least eccentricity, and consequently the chain N' is tangent to the pulley D at its point of greatest eccentricity. The evident result of this construction is that when the mill is fully out of the wind the weight has the advantage of the greatest leverage of the pulley D, while the force of resistance of the vane is applied at the extremity of the shortest lever on the pulley E. As the free end of the arm V' swings toward the horizontal pulley 0, however, the rotation of the pulley causes a gradual decrease of the leverage of the weight on the pulley D and a corresponding increase of the leverage of the vane-resistance on the pulley E, so that as the mill swings into the wind the power of the weight graduall y decreases.

It is evident that one of the pulleys D E may be centrally and the other eccentrically pivoted, or that either or both of theln may be irregular cams, instead of regular eccentrics. As a cam is an irregular eccentric, we shall use the word eccentric in the claims as a generic term covering` either the regular or irregular form, or both.

The position of the vane-pivot has already been fully described; but we wish further to call attention to the fact that both the ele- IOO ments of its oblique position (namely, its obliquity with reference to the plane of the wind-wheel and its Obliquity wil h reference to the vertical plane of the wind-wheel shaft) are material and important, and that either of said elements is in itself sufficient to swing the vane into a plane parallel to the windwheel. If the vane-pivot, however, while retaining its Obliquity with reference to the plane of the wind-wheel, were in a plane parallel to the vertical plane of the wind-wheel shaft, the vane would be at its dead-center7 when the mill was fully in the wind, and would have no tendency yto leave its position until started by some external force; and, on the other hand, if the pivot, while retaining its Obliquity with reference to the vertical plane of the windwheel shaft, were in a plane parallel to the plane of the wind-wheel, the vane would have no stability of position when the mill was fully out of the wind. The double Obliquity of the pivot removes both these difficulties and causes the vane (if not restrained by a connterbalancing force) to start quickly from its position when the mill is in the wind and to hold its position firmly when the mill is out of the wind. l

The operation of the mill as a whole is evident, from the foregoing description, to any person familiar with the art. The position of IIO but the weight J, actlng through the chains N' N', holds the arm ordinarily in contact with said pulley or stop, the .weight being such as to preserve this position of the parts during a wind of any usual Velocity. Any increase of the wind above the velocity calculated on swings the wheel toward the vane and correspondingly raises the weight. Owing to the arrangement of the pulleys D E, however, the resistance of the weight increases as the wheel swings toward the vane, and at the same time the force of the wind on the wheel decreases, so that unless the wind is ex# tremcly violent the two forces balance each other before the mill is fully out of the wind. Of course when theforce of the wind decreases the mill again comes into the wind. When it is desirable to stop the operation of the mill, the weight J is removed, the vane swings into a position parallel to the wheel, and the latch A engages the catch B and locks the parts together.

Having now described our invention and explained its operation, what we claim as new,

` and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

post and the wind-wheel mounted thereon, of

avane whose upper pivot is nearer than its lower to the plane of the wind-wheel, as described, the Obliquity of the pivots being such that the weight of the vane tends to carry it from its normal working position into a plane parallel to that of the wind-wheel.

3. The combination, with the rotating turnpost of a windmill, a wind-wheel shaft journaled therein, and a windwvheel mounted on the shaft, of a vane pivoted, substantially as described, so that its weight tends to hold it in a position parallel to the wind-wheel, a regulating-cord adapted to draw the vane into a position at right angles to the wind-wheel, and a weight connected with the cord and suicient to overcome the resistance of the weight of the'vane and to hold it normally at right an gles to the wind-wheel.

4t. The combination, with the turn-post ot' a windmill, a wind wheel shaft journaled therein, and a wind-wheel mounted on theshaft, of a vane pivoted to the turn-post and provided with an arm extending from the vane beyond the pivot, a catch on the turn-post,and a latch pivoted to said vanearm and adapted to engage said catch when the mill is out of the wind, and a regulating-cord attached to said latch and passing thence about the end of the vane-arm and over suitable pulleys mounted in the turn-post, and from said pulleys downward to the foot of the tower of the mill, a downward pull ou said cord being adapted to release said latch from the catch, and then to draw the end of the vane-arm toward the pulley mounted in the turn-post, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination, with the turn-post of a windmill, the wind-wheel shaft journaled therein, and the wind-wheel mounted on the shaft, of a vane pivoted, substantially as described, so that its weight tends to hold it in a position parallel to the wind-wheel, a regulatingcord attached to the vane and passing thence over suitable attachments of the turnpost and downward toward the foot of the tower of the mill, whereby the vane may be drawn from its position parallel to the windwheel, a weight connected with the cord, and means, substantially as shown and described, for Varying the leverageof the weight and of the vane-resistance, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

6. The combination, with the turn-post and the vane hinged thereto, substantially as set forth, of the chains N N', the rigidly-connected eccentric pulleys D E, interposed between said chains, and the weight connectedwith and operating said chains, substantial] y as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony-that we claim the foregoing in vention we have hereunto set'our hands this 1st day of June, 1886.

ROBERT H. AVERY. LEONARD B. BERRIEN.

Vitnesses:

A. B. UPHAM, EDWARD lWI. Amas.

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