US3703855A - Recessible fixture support - Google Patents

Recessible fixture support Download PDF

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US3703855A
US3703855A US212480A US3703855DA US3703855A US 3703855 A US3703855 A US 3703855A US 212480 A US212480 A US 212480A US 3703855D A US3703855D A US 3703855DA US 3703855 A US3703855 A US 3703855A
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Prior art keywords
supporting member
fixture supporting
rim
fixture
flange
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US212480A
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Victor E Converso
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
    • B64F1/18—Visual or acoustic landing aids
    • B64F1/20—Arrangement of optical beacons
    • B64F1/205—Arrangement of optical beacons arranged underground, e.g. underground runway lighting units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B64F1/00—Ground or aircraft-carrier-deck installations
    • B64F1/18—Visual or acoustic landing aids
    • B64F1/20—Arrangement of optical beacons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/553—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members
    • E01F9/559—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members illuminated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F9/00—Arrangement of road signs or traffic signals; Arrangements for enforcing caution
    • E01F9/50—Road surface markings; Kerbs or road edgings, specially adapted for alerting road users
    • E01F9/553—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members
    • E01F9/565—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members having deflectable or displaceable parts
    • E01F9/571—Low discrete bodies, e.g. marking blocks, studs or flexible vehicle-striking members having deflectable or displaceable parts displaceable vertically under load, e.g. in combination with rotation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to recessible mountings for fixtures normally positioned above a surface and readily recessing below the surface on impact. Many of the previous recessible fixture mountings have had too great a depth making it prohibitive to install in existing installations. Others have not functioned under or not withstood the high impact of wheels or snowplow blades. Another limitation has been the wattage of the bulb. Heat dissipation places a limitation on the resilient material supporting the recessible fixture.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a resiliently mounted, recessible lamp support with means for preventing excessive stress from being applied to the resiliently mounting.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide pivot means for tilting a resiliently mounted lamp support into a recessed position.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a resiliently mounted, recessible lamp support that is capable of withstanding large forces and carrying high wattage lamps.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a resiliently mounted recessible support with means for dissipating lamp heat by conduction to ground.
  • a fixture support comprises a fixture supporting member with an annular resilient diaphragm attached to a metal ring secured to the annular rim of a receptacle.
  • the fixture supporting member has means extending towards the annular rim and engaging the metal ring in a raised position and engaging the annular rim on recessing in the receptacle.
  • FIG. I is a perspective view of an embedded recessible lamp mounting fixture.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a recessible lamp mounting fixture with a portion sectionally shown along section lines 22 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4-4 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the lamp mounting fixture in recessed position along section lines 4-4 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 6-6 of FIG. 2 illustrating resilient support for returning the lamp mounting support to the raised position.
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of another em bodiment taken along section similar to section along lines4-4 of FIG. 2 illustrating a pivot means.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 a recessible lamp mounting fixture 10 is illustrated for embedment within a roadway, runway, taxiway or the like 11.
  • a center fixture supporting member 12 is normally in a raised'position and recessible to a depressed position on engagement and passage of a wheel, snowplow or the like.
  • a receptacle 14 has a bottom 15 and an annular rim 16 forming a chamber 17.
  • An annular resilient diaphragm 18 is secured to the fixture supporting member and to an annular ring 19.
  • the ring 19 is fastened by fastening means 20 to the annular rim 16 of the receptacle 14. This forms the ring and rim as an integral rim means.
  • the fixture supporting member 12 In the fixture supporting member 12 is a lamp mounting -22 supporting an incandescent bulb 23. Transparent sealing lenses 24, 25 are provided on each side of the bulb 23. Extending from the bottom of the member 12 and engaging the bottom 15 of the receptacle are four resilient supports 26 (FIG. 6) forcing the fixture support member 12 to the normally raised position. Within the chamber 17, the fixture supporting member 12 has radial projections 27a f. The projections extend from the bottom of the fixture supporting member to the annular rim 16 and are evenly circumferentially spaced around the fixture to form a flange-like or radial extending means. This flange-like means is distributed circumferentially around the fixture supporting member.
  • the flange-like means is underneath the resilient diaphram and has a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness.
  • the rim has evenly spaced bosses 28 for receiving the bolts 20 and forming axially extending grooves '29a-f receiving the projections 27a-f.
  • Other means may be used to attach the ring 19 to the receptacle 14.
  • the ring 19 has an annular groove with an O-ring 106 to seal the ring and the rim.
  • the fixture supporting member 12 has two conical segments 30, 31 with conical walls sloping downward from a center bridge piece 32 protectively extending over the bulb 23. These conical segments 30,31 form an exterior surface.
  • the conical segments have sloped flared sides 33, 34 and 35, 36 (FIGS. 2 and 3), respectively, defining two radical channels 37, 38 through which light from the bulb 23 passes.
  • a recess 39 On the underneath side of the fixture supporting member is a recess 39 extending crosswise to the channels and underneath the conical segments.
  • the sides of the recess are formed by walls 40, 41.
  • a rectangular shaped opening 42 extends to the cross-piece 32 and intersects with the channels 37, 38.
  • the lamp mounting 22 has two blocks 43, 44 (FIG. 4) fastened to the inner sides of the conical segments 30, 31 and a beam 45 extending crosswise between the blocks to support the clip type lamp holders 46, 47 into the opening 42.
  • the holders securely clamp the bulb 23 in position to emit light through the channels 37, 38.
  • the beam 45 is pivotally mounted in the blocks 43, 44 by pins 48, 49 which sets the position of the bulb over an are A.
  • the pin 48 is pivotally mounted in locking means formed by the sleeve bolt 50, a bolt 51 and a spring washer 52 for locking the beam at a given setting.
  • the holders 46, 47 are mounted on a bar 53 supported by a pin 54 slideably mounted in a locking means formed by the sleeve bolt 55, bolt 56. and spring washer 57.
  • the bulb is adjustable in direction B (FIG. 4); Alignment is held by the blocks 58 at the corners of the beam and bar.
  • the lenses 24, 25 areheld against the cross-piece 32 by members 61, 62 fastened to the conical segments by bolts 63 (FIG. 3).
  • the lenses 24, 25 have flanges 24a, 25a fitting in grooves 64, 65 in the members 61, 62.
  • the diaphragm 18 is ring-shaped and has a U-shape cross-section with flanges 66, 67 for securing the diaphragm to the fixture support member 12 and the ring 19, respectively.
  • the flanges 66, 67 may be secured in any suitable manner such as by bonding or by a clamp 68.
  • the diaphragm has a small thickness in relation to the width.
  • the ring 19 and the fixture support member 12 have substantial axially and circumferentially extending surfaces 69, 70 respectively for securing the flanges thereto.
  • a cylindrical cup-shaped foot 71 reciprocates in the cylindrical bore 72 with a helical spring 73 seating in the bottom of the bore and foot.
  • a particular feature of this lamp mounting fixture is the flange-like means with radially extending projections 27a-f. These are formed as part of the fixture support member 12 and extend from the lower or recessed portion portion thereof to the rim 16.
  • the flange-like means has a radial dimension substantially greater than its thickness.
  • the curved ends fit in curved slots 29a-f and are of generally square cross-section with flat upper surfaces 74 and cylindrically shaped peripheral surfaces 75 to match with the cylindrically shaped axially extending wall surfaces 76 on the rim.
  • the surfaces have a spacing or clearance C permitting transverse movement of the fixture supporting member in relation to the receptacle.
  • the edge surfaces 78 a and b of the rim have a clearance or space D permitting very limited rotational movement of the member 12 and function as guide means.
  • the diaphragm 18 through the fastening ring 19 positions the projections in the curved slots. In the normally raised position, the upper surfaces 74 engage the ring 19 along the under surfaces over the slots 29a-f.
  • the heat generated by the lamp is transmitted to the member 12 through the projections 27a-f of the ring 19 and rim 16. The heat is finally dissipated into the ground. This conduction heat maintains the fixture support member at temperatures which do not adversely affect the diaphragm or require that special resilient material be used. Thus, a greater selection of diaphragm materials are available.
  • Another feature of the mounting is the recessibility of the member 12 on engagement by a high speed wheel or snowplow.
  • a wheel 80 (FIG. moving in direction E. the edge surfaces 77b of the projection 27c and edgesurfaces 77a of projection 27f engage the surfaces 18b and a respectively of the bosses 28.
  • the clearance C is greater than the clearance D so that the edge surfaces of the projections engage the edge surfaces of the ring before the peripheral surfaces 75 of the projections engage the rim.
  • the side of member 12 engaged by the wheel is depressed tilting the member 12 with the far side raised. As the wheel moves over the remainder of the member 12 is depressed recessing the entire member.
  • the circumferential under surface 81 engages the annular raised portion 82 on the bottom.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 and FIG. 9 preferred embodiments are illustrated in which the projection engages with the receptacle at a pivot point P which is in back of the point of impact I on the member 12. This point will preferably be radially greater than the diameter of the member 12. Under the initial impact the member 12 will rotate about the pivot point P and recess into the receptacle at an angle.
  • the bottom 15 has posts 90 extending through openings 91 in the projections 92 of the flange-like means.
  • the radially inner clearance F is greater than the radiallyouter clearance G so that the rounded surfaces 93 will engage the respective post.
  • One or two of the surfaces 93 will engage a respective post causing member 12 to pivot clear of the passing wheel or blade.
  • the surfaces 93 will slide as member 12 is depressed.
  • the flange-like means comprise four projections 95 are evenly spaced circumferentially with bosses 96 therebetween in a dovetail relation.
  • bosses 96 have grooves 97 with axial beads 98.
  • projections have rounded axially extending edges or heads 99 fitting in the grooves 97 and overlapping with the boss beads 98.
  • the circumferentially extending surfaces 100 and 101 of the member 12 have clearances J with the surfaces 102 and 103 of the projections and the edges 99 and the beads 98 have clearances K which is smaller than clearance J.
  • the respective edges and beads engage to form pivot points P while the clearances J permit the member 12 to tilt.
  • the projections are utilized to carry the heat of the lamp to ground and to transmit high impact force also to ground through the receptacle.
  • the projections are also utilized as part of a detached pivot which flips the center mounting down in a recessed position. By placing the pivot point sothat it is in a sense in back of the point of impact the small downward component of the impact swings the fixture support into a recessed position.
  • the recessible lamp mountings shown in FIGS. 2 and 9 correspond to the actual design in proper proportions.
  • a recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom,
  • a fixture supporting member in said chamber having an exterior portion normally positioned above said rim and a recessed portion on its underside,
  • said fixture supporting member having spaced flanglike means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness, said flange-like means being underneath said resilient diaphragm,
  • said guide means and said flange-like means being slightly spaced apart and contacting on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
  • said projections being spaced from said bosses when said fixture supporting member is centered in relation to said rim and said projections engaging said bosses on radial movement of said fixture supporting member.
  • a recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending axially therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom,
  • a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of the top edge of said rim and a recessed portion in said chamber
  • said fixture supporting member having flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and underneath said resilient diaphragm
  • said flange-like means having circumferentially arranged holes and said receptacle has posts extending into said holes for engagement by said flangelike means on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
  • a recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having a top edge,
  • a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of said top edge and a recessed portion in said chamber
  • said fixture supporting member having circumferentially spaced flange-like projections radially extending from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and underneath said resilient diaphragm,
  • said rim having inwardly extending portions for restricting the circumferential movement of said fixture supporting member and said flange-like projections engaging said rim on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
  • a recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having top edge,
  • a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of the top edge of said rim-and a recessed portion in said chamber
  • said fixture supporting member having flange-like means radially projecting from said fixture supporting member and rigidly a part thereof, said flange-like means extending underneath said resilient diaphragm and having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness and having circumferentially arranged spaces,
  • said annular rim having an inner wall shaped to form vertical, inwardly extending means fitting in said spaces in said flange-like means to restrict the circumferential movement of the fixture supporting member and said flange-like means being slightly spaced from said inner wall and engaging said wall to permit tilting of said chamber on radial movemember on said receptacle, I said fixture supporting memberhaving space flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting ment of said fixture supporting member. member underneath said resilient diaphragm, 10.
  • a recessible fixture support comprising said annular rim having an inwardly extending means a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim exoverlapping said outwardly extending flange tending therefrom to form a chamber with said 'ms bottom, said rim having a top edge, said inwardly extending rim means having outwardly a fixture supporting member in said chamber having 10 Facmg and sad flange'h-ke means havmg an exterior portion normally positioned above the mivardly g Sqrfaces spaced outwardly from level of said top edge and a recessed portion on its sad outwar facmg.surfaces a clearance underside than the spacing of said flange-like means and said a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture i' gi for fixiurewsuppomng member to supporting member prvo y recess into said chamber upon the conmeans for securing said diaphragm to Said rim for tacting of said surfaces on radial
  • a recessible fixture support for holding a heat said fixture supporting member having spaced d l flan e-like means radial] ro'ectin from said pro ucmg amp (fompnsmg V g p J g a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim means recessed of fi Suppomng extending there from to form a chamber with said I member and having a radial dimension substanbottom Said rim means having a top edge spaced nally f than the i f F flange'hke from said bottom and having inwardly extending means being underneath said resil ent diaphragm, means at Said top edge, g f .crcumferemlauy a fixture supporting member in said chamber having FPaced radlaily extefldmfi an exterior portion normally'positioned above the annular "P havmg f extend mg bosses level of
  • a recessible fixture support as set forth in claim a radial dim nsion subs an ially greater than the 10 wherein said rim bosses and said beads thereon have thickness, Said fl ng ke mea being underneath a length substantially equal to the width of said rim. Said resilient iaphragm,
  • a recessible fixture support comprising said flange-like means being slightly spaced from said a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim ex- Tim means and wmacting said Tim means radial tending therefrom to form a chamber with said movement of said fixture pp member to bottom, said rim having a top edge, pivot said fixture supporting member into said a fixture supporting member in said chamber having chambflan exterior portionnormally positioned above the A rficcssltfle fi pp set forth in claim level of said top edge and a recessed portion on its 13 where"!
  • said mwardly extending means has 3 underside, downwardly facing surface, means and said projections a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture have upwardly facing surface means gi g Said supporting member, downwardly facing surface means for transmission of means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for heat resiliently mounting said fixture supporting

Abstract

A supporting receptacle is embedded with the annular rim flush with the embedding surface. A conically shaped lamp support is attached to a mounting ring secured to the rim or the receptacle by an annular resilient diaphragm and is normally positioned with the lamp and conical surfaces above the embedded rim and a body portion recessed within the receptacle. The body portion has radial extending means distributed circumferentially around the lamp support for engaging the rim to conduct heat away from the lamp support and for engaging the receptacle to pivot the lamp support into a recessed position on the passing of a moving member.

Description

United States Patent I Converso 51 Nov. 28, 1972 [54] RECESSIBLE FIXTURE SUPPORT 3,093,038 6/1963 McRobbie ..94/ 1.5 [72] Inventor: victor E Converso, 77 Seventh 3,257,552 6/1966 Converso ..94/1.5 X
Avenue, New York, NY. 10011 Primary E .ner-Jacob L. Nackenofi. [22] Filed: Dec. 27, 1971 Attorney-George C. Bower 21 App]. No.: 212,480 [57] ABSTRACT Related US Application Data A supporting receptacle is embedded with the annular [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 785,482, Dec. 20, rim flush with the embedding Surface A conically 1968, abandoned shaped lamp support is attached to a mounting ring secured to the rim or the receptacle-by an annular 52 us. (:1 ..94/1.5, 240/1.2 resilient diaphragm and is mm'ally P with 51] Int. Cl ..E01c 23/16 lamp and mnical surfaces above the embedded 581 Field of Search ..94/1.5- 24o/1.2 rim and a recessed within the receptacle- The body portion has radial extending means dis- 56] References Cited tributed circumferentially around the lamp support for UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,777,585 10/1930 engaging the rim to conduct heat away from the lamp support and for engaging the receptacle to pivot the lamp support into a recessed position on the passing of Springer ..94/1 .5 a moving memben 1,825,667 lO/193l Johnson ..94/1.5 2,157,059 5/1939 Rosener ..94/1.5 14ClainB,9DrawingFigures .24 3 -23 47 12 8 30 46 1 4 12 1 3! I06 1 66 20 10s 1e 68 I 53 L- I s s6 Z 67- l l|- 'l'hi )4 Z6 l5 l7 IINVENTOR. Meme 4. Qwl/aeso RECESSIBLE FIXTURE SUPPORT RELATED APPLICATIONS I This is a continuation of my abandoned patent application Ser. No. 785,482 filed on Dec. 20, I968 and entitled Recessible Lamp Support.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to recessible mountings for fixtures normally positioned above a surface and readily recessing below the surface on impact. Many of the previous recessible fixture mountings have had too great a depth making it prohibitive to install in existing installations. Others have not functioned under or not withstood the high impact of wheels or snowplow blades. Another limitation has been the wattage of the bulb. Heat dissipation places a limitation on the resilient material supporting the recessible fixture.
It is the purpose of this invention to provide a recessible lamp mounting that can withstand high impact forces and carry high wattage illuminating devices.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a resiliently mounted, recessible lamp support with means for preventing excessive stress from being applied to the resiliently mounting.
Another object of the invention is to provide pivot means for tilting a resiliently mounted lamp support into a recessed position.
Another object of the invention is to provide a resiliently mounted, recessible lamp support that is capable of withstanding large forces and carrying high wattage lamps.
Another object of the invention is to provide a resiliently mounted recessible support with means for dissipating lamp heat by conduction to ground.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A fixture support comprises a fixture supporting member with an annular resilient diaphragm attached to a metal ring secured to the annular rim of a receptacle. The fixture supporting member has means extending towards the annular rim and engaging the metal ring in a raised position and engaging the annular rim on recessing in the receptacle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a perspective view of an embedded recessible lamp mounting fixture.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a recessible lamp mounting fixture with a portion sectionally shown along section lines 22 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along lines 4-4 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 illustrates the lamp mounting fixture in recessed position along section lines 4-4 of FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along lines 6-6 of FIG. 2 illustrating resilient support for returning the lamp mounting support to the raised position.
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view of another em bodiment taken along section similar to section along lines4-4 of FIG. 2 illustrating a pivot means.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Referring to FIGS. 1 to 5 a recessible lamp mounting fixture 10 is illustrated for embedment within a roadway, runway, taxiway or the like 11. A center fixture supporting member 12 is normally in a raised'position and recessible to a depressed position on engagement and passage of a wheel, snowplow or the like. A receptacle 14 has a bottom 15 and an annular rim 16 forming a chamber 17. An annular resilient diaphragm 18 is secured to the fixture supporting member and to an annular ring 19. The ring 19 is fastened by fastening means 20 to the annular rim 16 of the receptacle 14. This forms the ring and rim as an integral rim means. In the fixture supporting member 12 is a lamp mounting -22 supporting an incandescent bulb 23. Transparent sealing lenses 24, 25 are provided on each side of the bulb 23. Extending from the bottom of the member 12 and engaging the bottom 15 of the receptacle are four resilient supports 26 (FIG. 6) forcing the fixture support member 12 to the normally raised position. Within the chamber 17, the fixture supporting member 12 has radial projections 27a f. The projections extend from the bottom of the fixture supporting member to the annular rim 16 and are evenly circumferentially spaced around the fixture to form a flange-like or radial extending means. This flange-like means is distributed circumferentially around the fixture supporting member. The flange-like means is underneath the resilient diaphram and has a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness. The rim has evenly spaced bosses 28 for receiving the bolts 20 and forming axially extending grooves '29a-f receiving the projections 27a-f. Other means may be used to attach the ring 19 to the receptacle 14. In the various embodiments the ring 19 has an annular groove with an O-ring 106 to seal the ring and the rim.
The fixture supporting member 12 has two conical segments 30, 31 with conical walls sloping downward from a center bridge piece 32 protectively extending over the bulb 23. These conical segments 30,31 form an exterior surface. The conical segments have sloped flared sides 33, 34 and 35, 36 (FIGS. 2 and 3), respectively, defining two radical channels 37, 38 through which light from the bulb 23 passes.
On the underneath side of the fixture supporting member is a recess 39 extending crosswise to the channels and underneath the conical segments. The sides of the recess are formed by walls 40, 41. A rectangular shaped opening 42 extends to the cross-piece 32 and intersects with the channels 37, 38.
The lamp mounting 22 has two blocks 43, 44 (FIG. 4) fastened to the inner sides of the conical segments 30, 31 and a beam 45 extending crosswise between the blocks to support the clip type lamp holders 46, 47 into the opening 42. The holders securely clamp the bulb 23 in position to emit light through the channels 37, 38. As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, the beam 45 is pivotally mounted in the blocks 43, 44 by pins 48, 49 which sets the position of the bulb over an are A. The pin 48 is pivotally mounted in locking means formed by the sleeve bolt 50, a bolt 51 and a spring washer 52 for locking the beam at a given setting. The holders 46, 47 are mounted on a bar 53 supported by a pin 54 slideably mounted in a locking means formed by the sleeve bolt 55, bolt 56. and spring washer 57. The bulb is adjustable in direction B (FIG. 4); Alignment is held by the blocks 58 at the corners of the beam and bar.
The lenses 24, 25 areheld against the cross-piece 32 by members 61, 62 fastened to the conical segments by bolts 63 (FIG. 3). The lenses 24, 25 have flanges 24a, 25a fitting in grooves 64, 65 in the members 61, 62.
The diaphragm 18 is ring-shaped and has a U-shape cross-section with flanges 66, 67 for securing the diaphragm to the fixture support member 12 and the ring 19, respectively. The flanges 66, 67 may be secured in any suitable manner such as by bonding or by a clamp 68. The diaphragm has a small thickness in relation to the width. The ring 19 and the fixture support member 12 have substantial axially and circumferentially extending surfaces 69, 70 respectively for securing the flanges thereto.
Four resilient supports 26 are positioned on opposite sides of the recess 39 and underneaththe corners of the conical segments to force the fixture support member in the normally raised and illuminating position. As il lustrated in FIG. 6, a cylindrical cup-shaped foot 71 reciprocates in the cylindrical bore 72 with a helical spring 73 seating in the bottom of the bore and foot.
A particular feature of this lamp mounting fixture is the flange-like means with radially extending projections 27a-f. These are formed as part of the fixture support member 12 and extend from the lower or recessed portion portion thereof to the rim 16. The flange-like means has a radial dimension substantially greater than its thickness. The curved ends fit in curved slots 29a-f and are of generally square cross-section with flat upper surfaces 74 and cylindrically shaped peripheral surfaces 75 to match with the cylindrically shaped axially extending wall surfaces 76 on the rim. The surfaces have a spacing or clearance C permitting transverse movement of the fixture supporting member in relation to the receptacle. The edge surfaces 78 a and b of the rim have a clearance or space D permitting very limited rotational movement of the member 12 and function as guide means. The diaphragm 18 through the fastening ring 19 positions the projections in the curved slots. In the normally raised position, the upper surfaces 74 engage the ring 19 along the under surfaces over the slots 29a-f. The heat generated by the lamp is transmitted to the member 12 through the projections 27a-f of the ring 19 and rim 16. The heat is finally dissipated into the ground. This conduction heat maintains the fixture support member at temperatures which do not adversely affect the diaphragm or require that special resilient material be used. Thus, a greater selection of diaphragm materials are available.
Another feature of the mounting is the recessibility of the member 12 on engagement by a high speed wheel or snowplow. On engagement by a wheel 80 (FIG. moving in direction E. the edge surfaces 77b of the projection 27c and edgesurfaces 77a of projection 27f engage the surfaces 18b and a respectively of the bosses 28. The clearance C is greater than the clearance D so that the edge surfaces of the projections engage the edge surfaces of the ring before the peripheral surfaces 75 of the projections engage the rim. The side of member 12 engaged by the wheel is depressed tilting the member 12 with the far side raised. As the wheel moves over the remainder of the member 12 is depressed recessing the entire member. The circumferential under surface 81 engages the annular raised portion 82 on the bottom. This maintains a space 83 (FIG. 5) for the wires (not shown) passing through the bottom 15 of the receptacle. 0n completion of the passage of the wheel the resilient supports 26 and diaphragm 18 return the member 12 to the elevated position. The transverse force is absorbed through the member 12 and projection 27a-f rather than to the diaphragm 18. The projections fitting in the curved slots limit the twisting of the fixture supporting member in relation to the rim. This limits the torsional force applied to the diaphragm.
In FIGS. 7 and 8 and FIG. 9, preferred embodiments are illustrated in which the projection engages with the receptacle at a pivot point P which is in back of the point of impact I on the member 12. This point will preferably be radially greater than the diameter of the member 12. Under the initial impact the member 12 will rotate about the pivot point P and recess into the receptacle at an angle.
In the embodiments of FIGS. 7. and 8,.the bottom 15 has posts 90 extending through openings 91 in the projections 92 of the flange-like means. The radially inner clearance F is greater than the radiallyouter clearance G so that the rounded surfaces 93 will engage the respective post. One or two of the surfaces 93 will engage a respective post causing member 12 to pivot clear of the passing wheel or blade. The surfaces 93 will slide as member 12 is depressed.
In FIG. 9, the flange-like means comprise four projections 95 are evenly spaced circumferentially with bosses 96 therebetween in a dovetail relation. The
bosses 96 have grooves 97 with axial beads 98. The
projections have rounded axially extending edges or heads 99 fitting in the grooves 97 and overlapping with the boss beads 98. The circumferentially extending surfaces 100 and 101 of the member 12 have clearances J with the surfaces 102 and 103 of the projections and the edges 99 and the beads 98 have clearances K which is smaller than clearance J. Thus, the respective edges and beads engage to form pivot points P while the clearances J permit the member 12 to tilt.
It is thus seen that two features have been combined to product a recessible lamp mounting capable of withstanding high impact forces and carrying high wattage lamps while retaining versatility in selection of materials to be used. The projections are utilized to carry the heat of the lamp to ground and to transmit high impact force also to ground through the receptacle. The projections are also utilized as part of a detached pivot which flips the center mounting down in a recessed position. By placing the pivot point sothat it is in a sense in back of the point of impact the small downward component of the impact swings the fixture support into a recessed position. The recessible lamp mountings shown in FIGS. 2 and 9 correspond to the actual design in proper proportions.
Various modifications and changes may be made in the foregoing embodiments without departing from the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:
1. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom,
a fixture supporting member in said chamber having an exterior portion normally positioned above said rim and a recessed portion on its underside,
a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture supporting member,
means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle,
said fixture supporting member having spaced flanglike means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness, said flange-like means being underneath said resilient diaphragm,
guide means on said receptacle and operatively engaged by said flange-like means to restrict circumferential movement of said fixture supporting member,
said guide means and said flange-like means being slightly spaced apart and contacting on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
2. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flange-like means has circumferentially spaced projections and said guide means comprises a plurality of inwardly extending bosses on said rim circumferentially overlapping with said circumferentially spaced projections of said flange-like means,
said projections being spaced from said bosses when said fixture supporting member is centered in relation to said rim and said projections engaging said bosses on radial movement of said fixture supporting member.
3. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 2 wherein said rim has an inner inwardly extending means overlapping said flange-like means on the upper side of said flange-like means to transmit heat from said fixture supporting member to said receptacle.
4. A recessible fixture supporting member as set forth in claim 2 wherein said bosses each have vertical extending side surfaces and the clearance between said projections and said side surfaces is less than between said projections and said rim so that on radial movement of said fixture supporting member said projections engage said side surfaces and pivot about these engagements.
5. A recessible lamp support as set forth in claim 1 wherein means for securing said diaphragm to said receptacle is a ring around said diaphragm and attached thereto.
6. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 5 wherein said ring is attached to said rim and extends inwardly to overlap with said flange-like means and is engaged by said flange-like means.
7. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending axially therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom,
a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of the top edge of said rim and a recessed portion in said chamber,
a resilient diaphragm extending around and secured to said fixture supporting member,
means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle,
said fixture supporting member having flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and underneath said resilient diaphragm,
said flange-like means having circumferentially arranged holes and said receptacle has posts extending into said holes for engagement by said flangelike means on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
8. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having a top edge,
a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of said top edge and a recessed portion in said chamber,
a resilient diaphragm extending around and secured to said fixture supporting member,
means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle,
said fixture supporting member having circumferentially spaced flange-like projections radially extending from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and underneath said resilient diaphragm,
said rim having inwardly extending portions for restricting the circumferential movement of said fixture supporting member and said flange-like projections engaging said rim on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
9. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having top edge,
a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of the top edge of said rim-and a recessed portion in said chamber,
a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture supporting member,
means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle,
said fixture supporting member having flange-like means radially projecting from said fixture supporting member and rigidly a part thereof, said flange-like means extending underneath said resilient diaphragm and having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness and having circumferentially arranged spaces,
said annular rim having an inner wall shaped to form vertical, inwardly extending means fitting in said spaces in said flange-like means to restrict the circumferential movement of the fixture supporting member and said flange-like means being slightly spaced from said inner wall and engaging said wall to permit tilting of said chamber on radial movemember on said receptacle, I said fixture supporting memberhaving space flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting ment of said fixture supporting member. member underneath said resilient diaphragm, 10. A recessible fixture support comprising said annular rim having an inwardly extending means a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim exoverlapping said outwardly extending flange tending therefrom to form a chamber with said 'ms bottom, said rim having a top edge, said inwardly extending rim means having outwardly a fixture supporting member in said chamber having 10 Facmg and sad flange'h-ke means havmg an exterior portion normally positioned above the mivardly g Sqrfaces spaced outwardly from level of said top edge and a recessed portion on its sad outwar facmg.surfaces a clearance underside than the spacing of said flange-like means and said a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture i' gi for fixiurewsuppomng member to supporting member prvo y recess into said chamber upon the conmeans for securing said diaphragm to Said rim for tacting of said surfaces on radial movementof said resiliently mounting said fixture sup ortin fixture Supporting member under a generally p g horizontal impact force. a .member on 'd 13. A recessible fixture support for holding a heat said fixture supporting member having spaced d l flan e-like means radial] ro'ectin from said pro ucmg amp (fompnsmg V g p J g a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim means recessed of fi Suppomng extending there from to form a chamber with said I member and having a radial dimension substanbottom Said rim means having a top edge spaced nally f than the i f F flange'hke from said bottom and having inwardly extending means being underneath said resil ent diaphragm, means at Said top edge, g f .crcumferemlauy a fixture supporting member in said chamber having FPaced radlaily extefldmfi an exterior portion normally'positioned above the annular "P havmg f extend mg bosses level of said top edge in the raised position and clfcumfel'emlally overlappmg i prolectlfms of having a recessed portion on its underside, said ex- Sald flange-like means restrict the terior portion holding alamp above the level of the feremlal movement of Sald fixtufe pp top edge when the raised position for radiating a membsr, t desired light beam, Said p l f having generally cil'cPmfel'emiauy a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture and vertically extending beads and said bosses havsupponing membgf ing generally iTCumfeYmia1lY and Vertical means for securing said diaphragm to said rim means tending beads in radial overlapping relation with to resiliently mount said fixture supporting said beads of said bosses being radially within said member on said receptacle, projection beads and said beads having a lesser said fixture supporting member having spaced clearance than said annular rim and said flangeflange-like means radially projecting from said like means whereby said respective beads engage 40 recessed portion of said fixture supporting on radial movement of said fixture supporting member, and engaging said inwardly extending member and provide pivotal points for tilting and means when in the raised position for transmission recessing of said fixture supporting member on apof heat from the lamp to the receptacle and the plication of radial impact forces thereto. embedding ground, said flange-like means having 11. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim a radial dim nsion subs an ially greater than the 10 wherein said rim bosses and said beads thereon have thickness, Said fl ng ke mea being underneath a length substantially equal to the width of said rim. Said resilient iaphragm,
12. A recessible fixture support comprising said flange-like means being slightly spaced from said a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim ex- Tim means and wmacting said Tim means radial tending therefrom to form a chamber with said movement of said fixture pp member to bottom, said rim having a top edge, pivot said fixture supporting member into said a fixture supporting member in said chamber having chambflan exterior portionnormally positioned above the A rficcssltfle fi pp set forth in claim level of said top edge and a recessed portion on its 13 where"! said mwardly extending means has 3 underside, downwardly facing surface, means and said projections a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture have upwardly facing surface means gi g Said supporting member, downwardly facing surface means for transmission of means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for heat resiliently mounting said fixture supporting

Claims (14)

1. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, a fixture supporting member in said chamber having an exterior portion normally positioned above said rim and a recessed portion on its underside, a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture supporting member, means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle, said fixture supporting member having spaced flang-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness, said flange-like means being underneath said resilient diaphragm, guide means on said receptacle and operatively engaged by said flange-like means to restrict circumferential movement of said fixture supporting member, said guide means and said flange-like means being slightly spaced apart and contacting on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
2. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 1 wherein said flange-like means has circumferentially spaced projections and said guide means comprises a plurality of inwardly extending bosses on said rim circumferentially overlapping with said circumferentially spaced projections of said flange-like means, said projections being spaced from said bosses when said fixture supporting member is centereD in relation to said rim and said projections engaging said bosses on radial movement of said fixture supporting member.
3. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 2 wherein said rim has an inner inwardly extending means overlapping said flange-like means on the upper side of said flange-like means to transmit heat from said fixture supporting member to said receptacle.
4. A recessible fixture supporting member as set forth in claim 2 wherein said bosses each have vertical extending side surfaces and the clearance between said projections and said side surfaces is less than between said projections and said rim so that on radial movement of said fixture supporting member said projections engage said side surfaces and pivot about these engagements.
5. A recessible lamp support as set forth in claim 1 wherein means for securing said diaphragm to said receptacle is a ring around said diaphragm and attached thereto.
6. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 5 wherein said ring is attached to said rim and extends inwardly to overlap with said flange-like means and is engaged by said flange-like means.
7. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending axially therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of the top edge of said rim and a recessed portion in said chamber, a resilient diaphragm extending around and secured to said fixture supporting member, means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle, said fixture supporting member having flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and underneath said resilient diaphragm, said flange-like means having circumferentially arranged holes and said receptacle has posts extending into said holes for engagement by said flange-like means on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
8. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having a top edge, a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of said top edge and a recessed portion in said chamber, a resilient diaphragm extending around and secured to said fixture supporting member, means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle, said fixture supporting member having circumferentially spaced flange-like projections radially extending from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and underneath said resilient diaphragm, said rim having inwardly extending portions for restricting the circumferential movement of said fixture supporting member and said flange-like projections engaging said rim on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
9. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having top edge, a fixture supporting member having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of the top edge of said rim and a recessed portion in said chamber, a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture supporting member, means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle, said fixture supporting member having flange-like means radially projecting from said fixture supporting member and rigidly a part thereof, said flange-like means extending underneath said resilient diaphragm and having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness and hAving circumferentially arranged spaces, said annular rim having an inner wall shaped to form vertical, inwardly extending means fitting in said spaces in said flange-like means to restrict the circumferential movement of the fixture supporting member and said flange-like means being slightly spaced from said inner wall and engaging said wall to permit tilting of said chamber on radial movement of said fixture supporting member.
10. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having a top edge, a fixture supporting member in said chamber having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of said top edge and a recessed portion on its underside, a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture supporting member, means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle, said fixture supporting member having spaced flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member and having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness, said flange-like means being underneath said resilient diaphragm, said flange-like means has circumferentially spaced radially extending projections, said annular rim having inwardly extending bosses circumferentially overlapping with projections of said flange-like means to restrict the circumferential movement of said fixture supporting member, said projections having generally circumferentially and vertically extending beads and said bosses having generally circumferentially and vertical extending beads in radial overlapping relation with said beads of said bosses being radially within said projection beads and said beads having a lesser clearance than said annular rim and said flange-like means whereby said respective beads engage on radial movement of said fixture supporting member and provide pivotal points for tilting and recessing of said fixture supporting member on application of radial impact forces thereto.
11. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 10 wherein said rim bosses and said beads thereon have a length substantially equal to the width of said rim.
12. A recessible fixture support comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim extending therefrom to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim having a top edge, a fixture supporting member in said chamber having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of said top edge and a recessed portion on its underside, a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture supporting member, means for securing said diaphragm to said rim for resiliently mounting said fixture supporting member on said receptacle, said fixture supporting member having spaced flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member underneath said resilient diaphragm, said annular rim having an inwardly extending means overlapping said outwardly extending flange means, said inwardly extending rim means having outwardly facing surfaces and said flange-like means having inwardly facing surfaces spaced outwardly from said outwardly facing surfaces by a clearance less than the spacing of said flange-like means and said annular rim for said fixture supporting member to pivotally recess into said chamber upon the contacting of said surfaces on radial movement of said fixture supporting member under a generally horizontal impact force.
13. A recessible fixture support for holding a heat producing lamp comprising a receptacle with a bottom and an annular rim means extending there from to form a chamber with said bottom, said rim means having a top edge spaced from said bottom and having inwardly extending means at said top edge, a fixture supporting member in said chamber having an exterior portion normally positioned above the level of said top edge in the raised position and having a recessed portion on its underside, said exterior portion holding a lamp above the level of the top edge when the raised position for radiating a desired light beam, a resilient diaphragm extending around said fixture supporting member, means for securing said diaphragm to said rim means to resiliently mount said fixture supporting member on said receptacle, said fixture supporting member having spaced flange-like means radially projecting from said recessed portion of said fixture supporting member, and engaging said inwardly extending means when in the raised position for transmission of heat from the lamp to the receptacle and the embedding ground, said flange-like means having a radial dimension substantially greater than the thickness, said flange-like means being underneath said resilient diaphragm, said flange-like means being slightly spaced from said rim means and contacting said rim means on radial movement of said fixture supporting member to pivot said fixture supporting member into said chamber.
14. A recessible fixture support as set forth in claim 13 wherein said inwardly extending means has a downwardly facing surface means and said projections have upwardly facing surface means engaging said downwardly facing surface means for transmission of heat.
US212480A 1971-12-27 1971-12-27 Recessible fixture support Expired - Lifetime US3703855A (en)

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US4049358A (en) * 1975-09-04 1977-09-20 Mendel King Visible markers for road surfaces
US4362425A (en) * 1980-12-16 1982-12-07 Dixon Byron P Road marker
US4395155A (en) * 1980-08-18 1983-07-26 Frank Bartolotti Reflective highway marker
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US4597691A (en) * 1981-10-06 1986-07-01 Animotion Inc. Retractable traffic delineator
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EP0885331A1 (en) * 1996-03-06 1998-12-23 Energy Absorption Systems, Inc. Resilient road marker and method of installation
US5857801A (en) * 1997-04-03 1999-01-12 The D.S. Brown Company Roadway reflector
EP0989238A1 (en) * 1998-08-13 2000-03-29 Kinugawa Rubber Industrial Co., Ltd., Traffic sign with vertically movable light source
US6062766A (en) * 1997-08-04 2000-05-16 Quixote Corporation Raised pavement marker
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US2157059A (en) * 1938-09-19 1939-05-02 Raymond Meidl Road marker
US3093038A (en) * 1959-03-20 1963-06-11 Mcrobbie John Austin "light-dome," suspended sponge-washed traffic line reflector
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4049358A (en) * 1975-09-04 1977-09-20 Mendel King Visible markers for road surfaces
US4395155A (en) * 1980-08-18 1983-07-26 Frank Bartolotti Reflective highway marker
US4362425A (en) * 1980-12-16 1982-12-07 Dixon Byron P Road marker
US4597691A (en) * 1981-10-06 1986-07-01 Animotion Inc. Retractable traffic delineator
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WO1993016233A1 (en) * 1992-02-18 1993-08-19 Olympic Machines, Inc. Resilient pavement marker
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US5857801A (en) * 1997-04-03 1999-01-12 The D.S. Brown Company Roadway reflector
US6062766A (en) * 1997-08-04 2000-05-16 Quixote Corporation Raised pavement marker
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US6206557B1 (en) * 1998-08-13 2001-03-27 Kinugawa Rubber Ind. Co., Ltd. Traffic sign with vertically movable light source
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US9534351B2 (en) 2008-07-02 2017-01-03 Roadvision Technologies, Inc. Method of installing depressible pavement marker
US10443198B2 (en) 2008-07-02 2019-10-15 Roadvision Technologies, Inc. Depressible pavement device
EP2712810A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-02 Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. Airfield light mounting base
EP3117041A4 (en) * 2014-03-13 2017-11-29 Valerann Ltd. Dynamic road marker
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US10392759B1 (en) 2014-03-13 2019-08-27 Valerann Ltd. Dynamic road marker

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