US3674676A - Expandable electrodes - Google Patents

Expandable electrodes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3674676A
US3674676A US14333A US3674676DA US3674676A US 3674676 A US3674676 A US 3674676A US 14333 A US14333 A US 14333A US 3674676D A US3674676D A US 3674676DA US 3674676 A US3674676 A US 3674676A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
riser
electrode
anode
faces
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US14333A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Edward I Fogelman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Co
Eltech Systems Corp
Diamond Shamrock Corp
Original Assignee
Diamond Shamrock Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diamond Shamrock Corp filed Critical Diamond Shamrock Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3674676A publication Critical patent/US3674676A/en
Assigned to DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY reassignment DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS), EFFECTIVE 9-1-83 AND 10-26-83 Assignors: DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION CHANGED TO DIAMOND CHEMICALS COMPANY
Assigned to ELTECH SYSTEMS CORPORATION reassignment ELTECH SYSTEMS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION, 717 N. HARWOOD STREET, DALLAS, TX 75201
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
    • C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
    • C25D17/12—Shape or form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/5313—Means to assemble electrical device
    • Y10T29/532—Conductor
    • Y10T29/53204—Electrode

Definitions

  • An electrode is provided which, after insertion in an electrolytic cell, may be caused to expand thereby reducing the electrode-electrode gap and, hence, increasing the power efficiency of the electrolysis.
  • an anode for use in a diaphragm-type electrolytic cell for the production of chlorine and caustic is described together with a method for assembling the cell.
  • the configuration and operation of these diaphragm cells is well known to those skilled in the art and, while the design of the cell may vary considerably from one manufacturer to another, it may be said very broadly that most such designs consist of three basic elements; the anode base, the cathode can and the cover.
  • the anodes may depend from the top or sides of the cell rather than extend from the bottom, said top or side thus becoming the base" for the purposes contemplated herein. Still, the general relationship between component parts remains essentially the same.
  • the anode base may be considered to be the vehicle for both supporting the anodes within the cell compartment and conducting the electrolyzing current to the anode risers.
  • the anodes are disposed in a vertical manner in uniformly spaced rows across the width of the anode base.
  • the cathode can which generally rests upon the anode base and is insulated therefrom, may be considered as a unit construction, which, in addition to carrying the active cathodic surfaces, serves to divide the cell into a series of anolyte and catholyte compartments.
  • the active cathodic surfaces themselves serve generally as the. vehicle, or supporting structure, for the diaphragm, which is often a layer of asbestos fibers serving to separate the anode and cathode compartments of the cell.
  • the function of the cell cover of course, needs no explanation.
  • a general embodiment of diaphragm cells of the type alluded to in the foregoing is represented by U. S. Pat. No. 2,987,463 which shows such a cell employing graphite anodes.
  • the cathodes which are generally steel screens, become misshapen and distorted through use and with age so that a regular surface is no longer presented.
  • the diaphragm material is generally deposited, by vacuum, onto the surface of the cathode from an asbestos slurry and, because of the nature of the slurry and the process for applying same, a diaphragm of non-uniform thickness is often obtained.
  • the process of imbedding graphite anode blades in the anode base for instance as described in the aforementioned U. S. Pat. No. 2,987,463, is subject to difficulties such that over the height of the anode,
  • an electrode structure which is distinguished by a movable, electrically conductive means connecting the electrode riser with the electrode working face.
  • an electrode may be installed in an electrolytic cell in a contracted state, the movability of the connecting means thereafter allowing the elec trode to expand by moving the electrode working face away from the riser thereby reducing the gap between said expandable electrode and the adjacent electrode in the cell.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an anode of this invention in contracted form and its relation to the opposed cathodes.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the same relationship where the anode has now been expanded.
  • FIG. 3 is a view, partially cut away, of one embodiment of an expanded anode.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the anode of FIG. 3 in contracted form.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an expanded view of another embodiment of the present invention, unassembled.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view of the assembled electrode, in expanded form, ofFIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show top views of a further embodiment of the present invention, in expanded and contracted form, respectively.
  • a diaphragm cell of sodium chloride to produce chlorine and caustic.
  • the electrode may also be used as a cathode or in some instances as both the anode and the cathode.
  • the novel concept of the present invention resides in the expandability of the electrode and while it is at present thought to be most useful as an anode for the electrolysis of sodium chloride, where like considerations as to ease of assembly, reduction of electrode gap and the like apply, it may just as well function as a cathode.
  • the anode construction of the present invention may be considered to consist of three components; the anode riser, the anode working face and the movable connecting means.
  • the various embodiments which serve to illustrate the inventive concept it may be desirable to define to some extent the form which the various components may take.
  • Anode risers of the type generally employed in the present invention are not, with the exception of their often smaller diameter, in and of themselves unknown.
  • the riser serves as a means to conduct the electrolyzing current from the current supply to the anode working face.
  • the primary considerations for the configuration of this riser and the materials of construction used therein are that the riser have sufficient cross-section and an adequate degree of electrical conductivity to supply the total current needed to the anode working face with a minimum of voltage lost to resistance.
  • at least that portion of the riser in contact with the electrolyte must be resistant to this medium under cell conditions.
  • the riser will merely comprise an electrically conductive material in the shape of a rod.
  • This rod whether hollow or solid, may be either totally constructed of a valve metal such as titanium, tantalum or an alloy thereof which is resistant to the electrolyte or, more desirably, the rod may have only the outer surface thereof coated with the valve metal, the interior being of a more electrically conductive material such as copper or aluminum.
  • the anode working face is itself not unknown to those skilled in the art.
  • the anode working face comprises an electrically conductive, electrolyte-resistant material, especially a valve metal such as titanium, tantalum or alloys thereof, bearing on its surface an electrically conductive, electrocatalytically active coating which may consist of a precious metal, a precious metal oxide or other suitable materials. Only those surfaces of the anode working face at which it is desired to generate chlorine need of course be coated.
  • the physical form of the anode working face may vary from a solid sheet to a foraminate sheet such as expanded metal.
  • the most important characteristics of the movable electri cally conductive connecting means relate to the design and configuration thereof. However, certain generalities as to materials of construction and the like may be set forth. Electrical conductivity is of course one of the most important requirements for the material used to fabricate the connecting means. The conductivity and the cross-sectional area of the connecting means are dependent upon the amount of current which must be carried from the riser to the working face. A further consideration is that the material must be resistant to corrosive cell conditions.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of an anode of the present invention, in contracted form.
  • the anode comprises riser 1 and two anode working faces 3 attached thereto by movable, electrically conductive connecting means 5.
  • the distance between each anode working face and its opposing diaphragm-coated 7 cathode 9 is considerable, typically on the order of one-half inch.
  • the anode is maintained in position in base 11, said base being protected from the cell environment by electrically insulating and corrosion resistant layer 13, typically of rubber, which layer also serves, in combination with flange on anode riser II, to provide a corn pressible seal which prevents leakage of electrolyte through the hole in the anode base accommodating the riser.
  • FIG. 2 shows the same cell but in this instance the anode has been caused or allowed to expand by means of flexible, movable connecting and conducting means 5 so that the anodecathode gap has been substantially completely eliminated.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show an anode of the present invention in its expanded and contracted forms, respectively, and illustrate one means of obtaining such expansion.
  • anode working faces 3 are divorced from anode riser l but remain in electrical connection with said riser by means of movable connecting means 5.
  • the connecting means which take the form of a titanium sheet bent into the proper configuration, are provided with slots 19 to receive corrosionresistant spacing bars 17.
  • bar 17 will not be present (FIG. 4) and, owing to the fact that the memory" of the connecting means is in a direction towards the riser, the anode will be in a collapsed or contracted form.
  • an alternating array of anodes and cathodes is presented with a considerable anode-cathode gap between each electrode in the array.
  • Spacing bars I7 which are cut on an angle to provide ease of insertion, are then forced into slots 19 thereby causing the anode working faces to move a distance away from anode riser I predetermined by the width of spacing bars 17. The bars remain in place during operation and, when it is desired for any reason to disassemble the cell, spacing bars 17 may be removed causing the anode, again because of the memory of connecting means 5, to contract and allow easy disassembly.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of the anode construction of FIG. 3 with the spacing bars removed, or not yet inserted, illustrating the close proximity of the riser, the connecting means and the working faces.
  • FIG. 4 further illustrates that the riser need not be constructed of one material but may be, for example, a titanium sheath 21 over a copper core 23.
  • a further characterizing feature of the embodiment of FIG. 4, which may be employed with any of the embodiments falling within the scope of the invention, are projecting spacers 25. These projecting spacers are distributed over the anode working face and are constructed of a electrically non-conductive material.
  • the purpose of the spacers is to maintain a uniform anodecathode gap over the entire interface and to prevent any possibility of a metallic anode-cathode contact with consequent shorting.
  • the movable connecting means may provide for the expansion of the anode working face uniformly with respect to a vertical center line, irregularities in the working face itself, the diaphragm, or the cathode screen supporting the diaphragm may cause variations in the anode-cathode gap.
  • this non-uniformity is reduced since the pushing of the anode working face against the diaphragm-coated cathode, whether by positive force as shown in FIG. 4 or spring means (memory) as in FIGS.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates one of the more simple means for providing an expandable electrode.
  • movable connecting means 5 again of titanium, each consist of merely a single sheet shaped so that, when welded to riser l and electrode working face 3, the memory of the connecting means is directed toward the riser.
  • each electrode working face 3 carries on its interior, channels 27 adapted to receiver spacer bars 17. The expansion of the electrode is accomplished as in the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are expanded and top views, respectively, of an embodiment of the invention wherein positive adjustment of the distance of electrode working face 3 from electrode riser 1 is possible.
  • connecting means 5 consist, for each working face 3, of two strips of material connected to the side of the working face facing the riser.
  • connecting means 5 need not be flexible or resilient and are provided with machined slots 33.
  • FIG. 6 it is shown that for each slot on connecting means 5, there is a corresponding threaded projection 29 on riser 1.
  • FIG. 7 best illustrates the assembly of such an electrode and shows that connecting means 5 fit over projections 29 by way of slots 33 and, when in the desired position, are held in place by means of nuts 31. While this embodiment may be somewhat more expensive to construct than those preceding, it has the advantage that the electrode working face 3 may be readily removed for re-coating or other operations since the connecting means are not fastened to the riser by relatively permanent means such as welding.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 represent a further embodiment of an expandable electrode of the present invention in contracted and expanded form, respectively.
  • the memory of the connecting means is in a direction away from the riser thus requiring some method of holding the electrode in contracted form.
  • flexible connecting means 5, attached by welding to electrode working faces 3 and electrode riser 1 are bent at points 35, shown best in FIG. 9, to fonn lips over which clamping bars 37 (FIG. 8) may be positioned to hold the electrode in a contracted position.
  • clamping bars 37 (FIG. 8) may be positioned to hold the electrode in a contracted position.
  • each face is present in two sections with a slight gap 39 being left in the center as shown best in FIG. 8.
  • bars 37 may be removed causing the electrode to assume an expanded position as in FIG. 9.
  • a turnbuckle arrangement may be provided wherein opposing screws tend to move the faces with respect to the riser either directly, thereby acting themselves as the movable connecting means and conducting current, or indirectly by exerting force on movable connecting means which in turn move the faces.
  • Diaphragm-type electrolytic cells equipped with the expandable anodes of the present invention are assembled and used for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions with the result that, in addition to the remarkable ease of assembly and ultimate disassembly of the cells so equipped, significant operating advantages are obtained.
  • cells equipped with the expandable anodes after expansion, operate at an advantage of 0.3 volts at l a.s.i. as compared to cells equipped with comparable anodes in which the anode working face is attached directly to the riser, therefore leaving the usual anode-cathode gap of about 0.5 inch.
  • This voltage advantage in turn allows the operation of cells so equipped at current densities as much as 1.35 times as great as is possible with non-expandable dimensionally stable anodes.
  • One immediate and practical advantage of such a finding is that according to the practice of this invention it is therefore possible to produce directly sodium hydroxide solutions of a more concentrated nature than ordinary, while still maintaining the same level of chlorates. This of course yields substantial savings in treatment and evaporation steps normally employed to concentrate the caustic solution.
  • An anode assembly which comprises: a common anode riser disposed from a cell base, at least two opposed working faces and movable, electrically conductive means connecting said faces to opposite sides of the common riser, whereby the distance of the faces from the riser may be varied without disrupting the electrical integrity of the anode assembly.
  • An electrode assembly which comprises: a common electrode riser, at least two opposed electrode working faces and movable, electrically conductive means connecting said faces to opposite sides of the common riser, whereby the distance of the faces from the riser may be varied without disrupting the electrical integrity of the electrode assembly.
  • An electrode assembly which comprises a common electrode riser, at least two opposed electrode working faces and movable, electrically conductive means connecting said faces to opposite sides of said riser wherein the movable, electrically conductive means are flexible connecting means having a memory in a direction from the electrode working face toward the electrode riser and wherein the assembly includes slots on the working faces facing the riser and adapted to receive spacing bars which serve to expand the electrode.
  • An electrode assembly which comprises a common electrode riser, at least two opposed electrode working faces and movable, electrically conductive means connecting said faces to opposite sides of said riser wherein the movable electrically conductive means are flexible connecting means having a memory in a direction away from the electrode riser and wherein said means are provided with lips over which clamping bars may be positioned to maintain said electrode in a contracted form.
  • An electrode assembly which comprises an electrode riser, at least one electrode working face and movable electrically conductive means connecting said face to said riser wherein the movable, electrically conductive means are flexible connecting means having a memory in the direction from the electrode working face toward the electrode riser and wherein the assembly includes a slot on the working face facing the riser and adapted to receive a spacing bar which serves to expand the electrode.
  • An electrode assembly which comprises a common electrode riser, at least two opposed electrode working faces and movable, electrically conductive means connecting said faces to opposite sides of said riser wherein the movable, electrically conductive means are flexible connecting means having a memory in a direction away from the electrode riser and wherein removable clamping means are positioned to maintain said electrode assembly in a contracted form.
  • a method for assembling an electrolytic cell comprising a cathode can with cathodes fixed therein, and a cell base supporting anode risers disposed therefrom, each of said risers serving to conduct current to a pair of anode working faces, which method comprises:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
US14333A 1970-02-26 1970-02-26 Expandable electrodes Expired - Lifetime US3674676A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1433370A 1970-02-26 1970-02-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3674676A true US3674676A (en) 1972-07-04

Family

ID=21764842

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14333A Expired - Lifetime US3674676A (en) 1970-02-26 1970-02-26 Expandable electrodes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3674676A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5035031B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA932698A (fr)
DE (1) DE2109091C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2080780B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1326673A (fr)
NL (1) NL150523B (fr)

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3928166A (en) * 1974-03-01 1975-12-23 Diamond Shamrock Corp Dimensionally adjustable anode-dimensionally stable diaphragm combination for electrolytic cells
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3941676A (en) * 1974-12-27 1976-03-02 Olin Corporation Adjustable electrode
US3956097A (en) * 1974-07-05 1976-05-11 Electronor Corporation Titanium blankets and anode constructions for diaphragm cells
US3960697A (en) * 1975-02-04 1976-06-01 Olin Corporation Diaphragm cell having uniform and minimum spacing between the anodes and cathodes
US3980545A (en) * 1973-07-06 1976-09-14 Rhone-Progil Bipolar electrodes with incorporated frames
US3981790A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-09-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Dimensionally stable anode and method and apparatus for forming the same
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4014775A (en) * 1975-02-04 1977-03-29 Olin Corporation Diaphragm cell having uniform and minimum spacing between the anodes and cathodes
US4026785A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-05-31 Olin Corporation Adjustable electrode
US4028214A (en) * 1976-01-28 1977-06-07 Olin Corporation Adjustable electrode
US4033849A (en) * 1975-05-09 1977-07-05 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Electrode and apparatus for forming the same
US4044218A (en) * 1974-10-11 1977-08-23 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Dimensionally stable anode and method and apparatus for forming the same
US4048046A (en) * 1976-06-16 1977-09-13 The B. F. Goodrich Company Electrolytic cell design
DE2727921A1 (de) * 1976-06-21 1978-01-05 Marston Excelsior Ltd Elektrode
US4080279A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-03-21 The Dow Chemical Company Expandable anode for electrolytic chlorine production cell
US4096054A (en) * 1977-10-26 1978-06-20 Olin Corporation Riserless flexible electrode assembly
US4118306A (en) * 1976-02-02 1978-10-03 Diamond Shamrock Technologies S. A. Anode constructions for electrolysis cells
US4120773A (en) * 1977-08-25 1978-10-17 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. Compressible self guiding electrode assembly
JPS5414374A (en) * 1977-07-01 1979-02-02 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Single electrode electrolytic cell
FR2404056A1 (fr) * 1977-09-22 1979-04-20 Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind Nouveau procede d'electrolyse d'une solution de chlorure de metal alcalin utilisant une membrane echangeuse cationique
US4154667A (en) * 1978-01-03 1979-05-15 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Method of converting box anodes to expandable anodes
DE2930609A1 (de) * 1978-07-27 1980-02-14 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Verfahren zur elektrolytischen erzeugung von halogenen und dafuer geeignete elektrolysezelle
FR2469473A1 (fr) * 1979-11-08 1981-05-22 Ppg Industries Inc Procede et cellule electrolytique chlore-alcali avec un electrolyte polymere solide
US4283265A (en) * 1979-05-02 1981-08-11 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Expandable electrode
DE3323803A1 (de) * 1982-07-22 1984-02-09 Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd., Tokyo Anode fuer die elektrolyse
US4448663A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-05-15 The Dow Chemical Company Double L-shaped electrode for brine electrolysis cell
US4560461A (en) * 1982-04-08 1985-12-24 Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Electrolytic cell for use in electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions
US4568439A (en) * 1984-06-05 1986-02-04 J. A. Webb, Inc. Electrolytic cell having improved inter-electrode spacing means
US4617101A (en) * 1980-11-15 1986-10-14 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Alkali metal chloride electrolyzing cell
US4628596A (en) * 1976-12-29 1986-12-16 Currey John E Electrolytic cell with reduced inter-electrode gap
US4853101A (en) * 1984-09-17 1989-08-01 Eltech Systems Corporation Porous separator comprising inorganic/polymer composite fiber and method of making same
US5100525A (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-03-31 Eltech Systems Corporation Spring supported anode
US5534122A (en) * 1993-02-12 1996-07-09 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Cell having a porous diaphragm for chlor-alkali electrolysis and process using the same
US5928710A (en) * 1997-05-05 1999-07-27 Wch Heraeus Elektrochemie Gmbh Electrode processing
US5993620A (en) * 1997-04-10 1999-11-30 De Nora S.P.A. Anode for diaphragm electrochemical cell
US6471835B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2002-10-29 Permascand Ab Clamping device for electrochemical cell
WO2005001163A1 (fr) * 2003-06-24 2005-01-06 De Nora Elettrodi S.P.A. Anode extensible pour cellules a diaphragme
US20050145485A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-07-07 Giovanni Meneghini Diaphragm electrolytic cell
US20080264779A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2008-10-30 Giovanni Meneghini Anode for gas evolution reactions
CN102051632B (zh) * 2009-10-28 2012-08-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 隔膜电解槽扩张阳极自由态组装方法
CN103088361A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-05-08 苏州新区化工节能设备厂 设于电解槽内的扩张阳极
CN113089073A (zh) * 2021-03-30 2021-07-09 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 电化学抛光用柔性电极及内腔结构电化学抛光方法

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4056458A (en) * 1976-08-26 1977-11-01 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Monopolar membrane electrolytic cell
IT1114820B (it) * 1977-06-30 1986-01-27 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Cella elettrolitica monopolare a membrana
FR2402012A1 (fr) * 1977-08-31 1979-03-30 Ugine Kuhlmann Anode pour electrolyseur sans diaphragme
JPS5662979A (en) * 1979-10-27 1981-05-29 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Holding method of interpole distance in electrolytic cell
JPS6017833B2 (ja) * 1980-07-11 1985-05-07 旭硝子株式会社 電極
JPS5729586A (en) * 1980-07-28 1982-02-17 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd Electrolysis of alkali metal chloride
DE3223701A1 (de) * 1982-06-25 1983-12-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Membran-elektrolysezelle mit vertikal angeordneten elektroden

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE563393C (de) * 1929-02-05 1932-11-04 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Elektrolytische Zelle
US1907812A (en) * 1929-02-05 1933-05-09 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Electrolytic cell
US2987463A (en) * 1958-06-06 1961-06-06 Diamond Alkali Co High amperage diaphragm cell for the electrolysis of brine
US3379634A (en) * 1965-05-24 1968-04-23 Air Force Usa Zero gravity electrolysis apparatus
US3402117A (en) * 1964-11-05 1968-09-17 Evans David Johnson Electrodes and electrode stacks for electrolytic cells

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE563393C (de) * 1929-02-05 1932-11-04 I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges Elektrolytische Zelle
US1907812A (en) * 1929-02-05 1933-05-09 Ig Farbenindustrie Ag Electrolytic cell
US2987463A (en) * 1958-06-06 1961-06-06 Diamond Alkali Co High amperage diaphragm cell for the electrolysis of brine
US3402117A (en) * 1964-11-05 1968-09-17 Evans David Johnson Electrodes and electrode stacks for electrolytic cells
US3379634A (en) * 1965-05-24 1968-04-23 Air Force Usa Zero gravity electrolysis apparatus

Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3981790A (en) * 1973-06-11 1976-09-21 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Dimensionally stable anode and method and apparatus for forming the same
US3980545A (en) * 1973-07-06 1976-09-14 Rhone-Progil Bipolar electrodes with incorporated frames
US3928166A (en) * 1974-03-01 1975-12-23 Diamond Shamrock Corp Dimensionally adjustable anode-dimensionally stable diaphragm combination for electrolytic cells
US3932261A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-01-13 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US4008143A (en) * 1974-06-24 1977-02-15 Olin Corporation Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3956097A (en) * 1974-07-05 1976-05-11 Electronor Corporation Titanium blankets and anode constructions for diaphragm cells
US4044218A (en) * 1974-10-11 1977-08-23 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Dimensionally stable anode and method and apparatus for forming the same
US3941676A (en) * 1974-12-27 1976-03-02 Olin Corporation Adjustable electrode
JPS5444271B2 (fr) * 1974-12-27 1979-12-25
JPS51105979A (fr) * 1974-12-27 1976-09-20 Olin Corp
US3960697A (en) * 1975-02-04 1976-06-01 Olin Corporation Diaphragm cell having uniform and minimum spacing between the anodes and cathodes
US4014775A (en) * 1975-02-04 1977-03-29 Olin Corporation Diaphragm cell having uniform and minimum spacing between the anodes and cathodes
US4033849A (en) * 1975-05-09 1977-07-05 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Electrode and apparatus for forming the same
US4026785A (en) * 1975-12-22 1977-05-31 Olin Corporation Adjustable electrode
US4028214A (en) * 1976-01-28 1977-06-07 Olin Corporation Adjustable electrode
US4118306A (en) * 1976-02-02 1978-10-03 Diamond Shamrock Technologies S. A. Anode constructions for electrolysis cells
US4048046A (en) * 1976-06-16 1977-09-13 The B. F. Goodrich Company Electrolytic cell design
FR2355925A1 (fr) * 1976-06-21 1978-01-20 Marston Excelsior Ltd Electrode pour cellule electrolytique a diaphragmes
US4338179A (en) * 1976-06-21 1982-07-06 Marston Excelsior Limited Electrode
DE2727921A1 (de) * 1976-06-21 1978-01-05 Marston Excelsior Ltd Elektrode
US4080279A (en) * 1976-09-13 1978-03-21 The Dow Chemical Company Expandable anode for electrolytic chlorine production cell
US4628596A (en) * 1976-12-29 1986-12-16 Currey John E Electrolytic cell with reduced inter-electrode gap
US4162953A (en) * 1977-07-01 1979-07-31 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Monopolar electrolytic diaphragm cells with removable and replaceable dimensionally stable anodes and method of inserting and removing said anodes
JPS5414374A (en) * 1977-07-01 1979-02-02 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Single electrode electrolytic cell
JPS562155B2 (fr) * 1977-07-01 1981-01-17
US4120773A (en) * 1977-08-25 1978-10-17 Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp. Compressible self guiding electrode assembly
FR2401238A1 (fr) * 1977-08-25 1979-03-23 Hooker Chemicals Plastics Corp Ensemble d'electrode compressible pour cellule electrolytique
FR2404056A1 (fr) * 1977-09-22 1979-04-20 Kanegafuchi Chemical Ind Nouveau procede d'electrolyse d'une solution de chlorure de metal alcalin utilisant une membrane echangeuse cationique
US4096054A (en) * 1977-10-26 1978-06-20 Olin Corporation Riserless flexible electrode assembly
US4154667A (en) * 1978-01-03 1979-05-15 Diamond Shamrock Corporation Method of converting box anodes to expandable anodes
DE2930609A1 (de) * 1978-07-27 1980-02-14 Oronzio De Nora Impianti Verfahren zur elektrolytischen erzeugung von halogenen und dafuer geeignete elektrolysezelle
US4663003A (en) * 1978-07-27 1987-05-05 Oronzio Denora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Electrolysis cell
US4789443A (en) * 1978-07-27 1988-12-06 Oronzio Denora Impianti Elettrochimici S.P.A. Novel electrolysis cell
US4283265A (en) * 1979-05-02 1981-08-11 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Expandable electrode
FR2469473A1 (fr) * 1979-11-08 1981-05-22 Ppg Industries Inc Procede et cellule electrolytique chlore-alcali avec un electrolyte polymere solide
US4617101A (en) * 1980-11-15 1986-10-14 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Alkali metal chloride electrolyzing cell
US4560461A (en) * 1982-04-08 1985-12-24 Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Electrolytic cell for use in electrolysis of aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions
US4448663A (en) * 1982-07-06 1984-05-15 The Dow Chemical Company Double L-shaped electrode for brine electrolysis cell
DE3323803A1 (de) * 1982-07-22 1984-02-09 Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd., Tokyo Anode fuer die elektrolyse
GB2124257A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-02-15 Chlorine Eng Corp Ltd Anode of electrolysis
US4448664A (en) * 1982-07-22 1984-05-15 Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. Anode for electrolysis
US4568439A (en) * 1984-06-05 1986-02-04 J. A. Webb, Inc. Electrolytic cell having improved inter-electrode spacing means
US4853101A (en) * 1984-09-17 1989-08-01 Eltech Systems Corporation Porous separator comprising inorganic/polymer composite fiber and method of making same
US5100525A (en) * 1990-07-25 1992-03-31 Eltech Systems Corporation Spring supported anode
US5534122A (en) * 1993-02-12 1996-07-09 De Nora Permelec S.P.A. Cell having a porous diaphragm for chlor-alkali electrolysis and process using the same
US5993620A (en) * 1997-04-10 1999-11-30 De Nora S.P.A. Anode for diaphragm electrochemical cell
DE19815877B4 (de) * 1997-04-10 2006-11-30 De Nora Elettrodi S.P.A. Anode für elektrochemische Diaphragmazellen und Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Betriebs einer Anode
US5928710A (en) * 1997-05-05 1999-07-27 Wch Heraeus Elektrochemie Gmbh Electrode processing
US6471835B1 (en) * 1998-03-05 2002-10-29 Permascand Ab Clamping device for electrochemical cell
US20050145485A1 (en) * 2002-03-01 2005-07-07 Giovanni Meneghini Diaphragm electrolytic cell
US20060163081A1 (en) * 2003-06-24 2006-07-27 Giovanni Meneghini Expandable anode for diaphragm cells
WO2005001163A1 (fr) * 2003-06-24 2005-01-06 De Nora Elettrodi S.P.A. Anode extensible pour cellules a diaphragme
US20080264779A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2008-10-30 Giovanni Meneghini Anode for gas evolution reactions
US7704355B2 (en) * 2005-01-27 2010-04-27 Industrie De Nora S.P.A. Anode for gas evolution reactions
CN102051632B (zh) * 2009-10-28 2012-08-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 隔膜电解槽扩张阳极自由态组装方法
CN103088361A (zh) * 2012-12-13 2013-05-08 苏州新区化工节能设备厂 设于电解槽内的扩张阳极
CN113089073A (zh) * 2021-03-30 2021-07-09 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 电化学抛光用柔性电极及内腔结构电化学抛光方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5035031B1 (fr) 1975-11-13
DE2109091A1 (de) 1971-09-09
DE2109091B2 (de) 1974-07-04
DE2109091C3 (de) 1975-02-20
FR2080780B1 (fr) 1974-02-22
NL150523B (nl) 1976-08-16
NL7102537A (fr) 1971-08-30
FR2080780A1 (fr) 1971-11-19
GB1326673A (en) 1973-08-15
CA932698A (en) 1973-08-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3674676A (en) Expandable electrodes
US3591483A (en) Diaphragm-type electrolytic cells
US3242059A (en) Electrolytic process for production of chlorine and caustic
KR890003860B1 (ko) 멀티 셀 전해조
NZ202496A (en) Electrolytic cell electrode:foraminate grid bonded to pips on conductive sheet
US3803016A (en) Electrolytic cell having adjustable anode sections
US5221452A (en) Monopolar ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell assembly
US4162953A (en) Monopolar electrolytic diaphragm cells with removable and replaceable dimensionally stable anodes and method of inserting and removing said anodes
US4855032A (en) Electrode structure
US3318792A (en) Mercury cathode cell with noble metaltitanium anode as cover means
US3796648A (en) Electrolytic cell having self-aligning anodes
US4502935A (en) Electrolytic cell having a membrane and vertical electrodes
FI82488C (fi) Elektrodkonstruktion foer gasbildande monopolaera elektrolysoerer.
JO2116B1 (en) Electric analyzer for halogen gas production
CA1123376A (fr) Cuve d'electrolyse
CA1106312A (fr) Traduction non-disponible
US3271289A (en) Mercury cathode electrolytic cell having an anode with high corrosionresistance and high electrical and heat conductivity
US4016064A (en) Diaphragm cell cathode structure
US5993620A (en) Anode for diaphragm electrochemical cell
US4174259A (en) Electrolytic cell structure and method of assembly
US3932261A (en) Electrode assembly for an electrolytic cell
US3515661A (en) Electrolytic cells having detachable anodes secured to current distributors
JPS6246638B2 (fr)
US3247090A (en) Electrolytic cell
CA1128002A (fr) Anode constitute d'un fil d'alimentation et de plaques elastiques solidaires

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED FILE - (OLD CASE ADDED FOR FILE TRACKING PURPOSES)

AS Assignment

Owner name: DIAMOND SHAMROCK CHEMICALS COMPANY

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION CHANGED TO DIAMOND CHEMICALS COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:004197/0130

PS Patent suit(s) filed
AS Assignment

Owner name: ELTECH SYSTEMS CORPORATION, 6100 GLADES ROAD, BOCA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DIAMOND SHAMROCK CORPORATION, 717 N. HARWOOD STREET, DALLAS, TX 75201;REEL/FRAME:004357/0479

Effective date: 19841024