US3669552A - Method and apparatus for spreading and counting filaments in a yarn - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for spreading and counting filaments in a yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3669552A
US3669552A US52464A US3669552DA US3669552A US 3669552 A US3669552 A US 3669552A US 52464 A US52464 A US 52464A US 3669552D A US3669552D A US 3669552DA US 3669552 A US3669552 A US 3669552A
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Prior art keywords
filaments
counting
yarn
light
spreading
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Expired - Lifetime
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US52464A
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English (en)
Inventor
Josiah Alfred Briscoe
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/36—Textiles
    • G01N33/365—Filiform textiles, e.g. yarns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06M—COUNTING MECHANISMS; COUNTING OF OBJECTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06M11/00—Counting of objects distributed at random, e.g. on a surface

Definitions

  • a method of counting filaments in a substantially parallel and twist free bundle comprising spreading such bundle by gripping it between two smooth surfaces capable of contact along a line and counting the filaments in a sheet-like array so formed.
  • We also provide an apparatus for counting filaments in a substantially parallel and twist-free bundle with means for counting the filaments comprising means for spreading the filaments, characterised in that two smooth surfaces capable of making contact along a line are used for spreading the filaments.
  • the smooth surfaces may be provided by a fiat plate and a cylindrical curved surface such as a rod or blade conveniently the plate and the rod should be transparent and in that case glass is a suitable material of construction.
  • Counting of the array of the gripped filaments may then be carried out on a real optical image of the filaments or on one side from the line of grip of the gripping surfaces. For convenience the optical image is enlarged.
  • the projected image is passed over a stationary slit in front of a photoelectric counting device with means for tilting a mirror in the path of the projected image, whilst the clamped filaments in the gripping device also remain stationary.
  • a stylus may e.g. be traversed across the filaments and suitably amplified signals from the stylus picked up by electric or acoustic means and recorded on a counter.
  • a method described in U.K. specification 829,330 using a transducer may also be adapted, but cutting of the individual filaments is not desirable and therefore either the array of filaments is traversed past the transducer pick-up or the pick-up is passed across the array of clamped filaments and the appropriate signals are automatically recorded.
  • Beams of a wavelength in the visual spectrum are convenient but other wavelengths and radiations can be used provided that sulficient contrast is obtained either 'by passage through or reflection from each filament in the array and provided that suitable means are provided for recording the contrasting signals from the filaments.
  • our apparatus can still be used but a modification of the procedure is required. After clamping the filaments in the usual way between the plate and the glass rod, the bundle of clamped filaments is firmly held at one side of the clamping device, whilst the other side is drawn out, either by hand or by machine. The yarn in the nip remains undrawn and as the filaments lie side by side in the nip, no light is transmitted, and the filaments do not act as cylindrical lenses and no high-lights and shadows are formed.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic sectional front and side views respectively, of surfaces for gripping the yarn, in their open position.
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are diagrammatic front, side and plan views respectively of the gripping surfaces in the grlpping position with the yarn and showing the yarn guides in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus for counting the gripped filaments.
  • Our static method is applied to a finite sample length of the yarn comprising placing the yarn between a fiat glass plate 4 and a cylindrical curved surface, preferably a glass rod 3, and also shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a fiat glass plate 4 a cylindrical curved surface, preferably a glass rod 3, and also shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the bundle of filaments FIG. 1
  • the plate and rod When the rod 3 is pressed firmly against the plate 4, the bundle of filaments (FIG. 1) is nipped between the plate and rod and surprisingly, is spread out evenly and the filaments come to lie in contact side by side as shown at 5 in FIG. 3.
  • the yarn is located in U guides, a, b and c, d on either side of the rod/plate assembly (FIG. 5) and the spreading action of the nip on the yarn together with the containing action of the two guides causes the filaments to sit side-by-side closely adjacent to one another.
  • the lateral position of the filaments is also controlled precisely by the guides a, b and c, d so that a simple optical system can be used to project an image of the parallel filaments in the nip between the plate 4 and the rod 3 onto a screen. This image enables the user of the equipment to check visually that the filaments are properly arrayed (i.e. no cross-overs or spaces between filaments are formed). A photo-electric scanning/counting system is then used to count the filaments in the projected image.
  • FIG. 6 An instrument for counting filaments of spun yarn, (particularly the spun yarn from tandem wind-up splnning machines, for 150/30 bulked knitting yarn) is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6.
  • a light source 1 using a 4 volt 3 watt lamp (Mazda G. 29) having a lamp filament in the form of a single cylindrical coil was found to have the greatest light efficiency when the axis of the lamp filament was parallel with the axis of the glass rod 3. Accordingly the lamp was adjusted into that position and plano-convex condenser lens 2, concentrated the light on the yarn 5, nipped, as described previously in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 between the glass rod 3 and a glass plate 4.
  • a lever arrangement (not shown) enabled the user to raise the glass rod 3, with a parallel motion, relative to the glass plate 4, so that the yarn sample could be inserted in the nip between the rod and plate. The pressure in the mp could be maintained by leaf springs.
  • the lens 6, represents a microscope nosepiece (C. Baker, 2694) which projects the image of the yarn via a mirror 7, on to a ground glass screen 11.
  • the mirror 7, is pivoted, and the angle of the mirror, and thereby the'position of the image on the screen, can be controlled by means of a lever 8. After such manual movement the mirror is restored to its original position smoothly and steadily, controlled by a dashpot 9, and a spring (In this diagram at liquid dashpot is shown, but in the present instrument a mechanical delay movement is used.
  • a photocell 12 responds to the light and shade of the image of the filaments, as these traverse a slit 13 in front of the photocell and having a width of about equal dimensions as the enlarged image of one filament width as described hereunder.
  • the signals produced are processed in an electronic amplifier 14 and applied to an electromagnetic counter 15.
  • each filament acts as a cylindrical lens, and its image on the screen comprises a bright central portion bordered on each side by a darker shadow.
  • the border shadows of the adjacent filaments combine to produce a single larger shadow, and the width of the slit 13 is adjusted so that a minimum of light reaches the photocell when this combined shadow covers the slit.
  • the amplifier and counter can be.
  • An automatic switching arrangement not shown, which sets the counter to zero when the lever 8, is manually operated, and the counter counts the shadows as the image returns to normal under the control of the spring and dashpot.
  • the operator after inserting the sample, can inspect the image on the screen, and can decide whether the filaments are correctly aligned. If there are spaces between filaments or any other disarrangement, another sample will be placed between the rod and plate. The lever at tached to the mirror is then operated, which automatically zeros the counted. The number of filaments, less one, will within seconds, be displayed on the counter.
  • Filaments of non-circular cross sections may also be counted by the optical method as used for opaque filaments, provided that a visual check is made to ensure that the filaments do not cross-over or lie on top of each other, before switching on the automatic counting device and when the filaments are in a suitable array according to the invention.
  • a method of counting filaments in a substantially parallel and twist-free bundle comprising: spreading the bundle into a sheetlike, side-by-side array of filaments by gripping the bundle between a structure having a smooth flat transparent surface and another structure having a curved smooth transparent surface capable of making contact with the flat surface along a line; projecting a first light beam'toward said array of filaments to produce a second beam of light having variations in light intensity in correspondence with the positions of the individual filaments in said array; producing relative motion between the second beam of light and at least one photocell which is responsive to said variations in light intensity to produce an electrical output signal having variations corresponding to the individual filaments; and detecting and counting the number of variations in the output sigal to eifectively count the number of individual filaments in said array.
  • a method as in claim 1 wherein the filaments are undrawn opaque filaments said method comprising drawing down the filaments in the side-by-side array of filaments to produce gaps between the drawn-down filaments whereby said first beam of light passes through the gaps thereby forming said second beam of light.
  • a method as in claim 1 wherein the structure having the curved surface is a cylindrical transparent rod serving as a cylindrical lens, and wherein said first beam of light is projected through said rod.
  • Apparatus for counting the filaments in a substantially parallel twist-free bundle comprising: nip means for gripping and spreading the filaments into a sheetlike, side-by-side array of filaments, said means including a transparent plate having a smooth flat surface and a structure having a curved smooth surface capable of making contact with the fiat surface along a line; means for projecting a light beam through the plate and through the filaments to produce a second light beam having variations in light intensity in correspondence with the positions of the individual filaments in the array; a photoelectric counter including a photocell which is responsive to changes in light intensity to produce an electric output signal having variations corresponding to the variations in the second light beam; and means for producing relative traversing movement between the second light beam and said photocell.
  • Apparatus as in claim 6 including a lens which forms the second beam of light into a magnified image of the array of filaments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US52464A 1969-07-09 1970-07-06 Method and apparatus for spreading and counting filaments in a yarn Expired - Lifetime US3669552A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB34582/69A GB1273448A (en) 1969-07-09 1969-07-09 Method and apparatus for counting filaments in a yarn

Publications (1)

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US3669552A true US3669552A (en) 1972-06-13

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US52464A Expired - Lifetime US3669552A (en) 1969-07-09 1970-07-06 Method and apparatus for spreading and counting filaments in a yarn

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3669552A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5039745B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA925984A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2034201A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2051631B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1273448A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7010145A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800160A (en) * 1971-09-04 1974-03-26 Kanedo Ltd Method and apparatus for counting the number of individual filaments composing a multifilament yarn
WO1991016625A1 (de) * 1990-04-26 1991-10-31 Siegfried Peyer Ag Textile on-line-stichprobenanalyse
US5140852A (en) * 1990-06-15 1992-08-25 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for measuring the degree of filament intermingling of a multifilament yarn
US6049956A (en) * 1999-06-18 2000-04-18 Adherent Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for spreading fiber bundles
US10570536B1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2020-02-25 CFA Mills, Inc. Filament count reduction for carbon fiber tow

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52128942U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-03-29 1977-09-30
GB2005009B (en) * 1977-09-12 1982-03-31 Teijin Ltd Method and apparatuss for determining the state of interlaced multifilament yarns

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1350367A (fr) * 1963-03-11 1964-01-24 Borg Warner Appareil d'examen pour une matière en filament

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800160A (en) * 1971-09-04 1974-03-26 Kanedo Ltd Method and apparatus for counting the number of individual filaments composing a multifilament yarn
WO1991016625A1 (de) * 1990-04-26 1991-10-31 Siegfried Peyer Ag Textile on-line-stichprobenanalyse
CH680536A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1990-04-26 1992-09-15 Peyer Ag Siegfried
US5295401A (en) * 1990-04-26 1994-03-22 Siegfried Peyer Ag Textile on-line sampling inspection
US5140852A (en) * 1990-06-15 1992-08-25 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process and apparatus for measuring the degree of filament intermingling of a multifilament yarn
US6049956A (en) * 1999-06-18 2000-04-18 Adherent Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for spreading fiber bundles
US10570536B1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2020-02-25 CFA Mills, Inc. Filament count reduction for carbon fiber tow

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5039745B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-12-19
FR2051631B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-03-19
NL7010145A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-01-12
DE2034201A1 (de) 1971-01-14
FR2051631A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-04-09
GB1273448A (en) 1972-05-10
CA925984A (en) 1973-05-08

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