US3634067A - Method of condensing metallic vapor - Google Patents

Method of condensing metallic vapor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3634067A
US3634067A US748250A US3634067DA US3634067A US 3634067 A US3634067 A US 3634067A US 748250 A US748250 A US 748250A US 3634067D A US3634067D A US 3634067DA US 3634067 A US3634067 A US 3634067A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
condensing
sheet
nozzle
stream
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Expired - Lifetime
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US748250A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eugen Klein
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from DE19671601110 external-priority patent/DE1601110C3/de
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Publication of US3634067A publication Critical patent/US3634067A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
    • B01D5/0003—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation by using heat-exchange surfaces for indirect contact between gases or vapours and the cooling medium
    • B01D5/0021—Vortex

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of condensing the gaseous P 9f Field 6: Search 55/83, 84, a two-phase metallic stream consisting of liquid droplets and a 72, 220; 261/78, 1 16; 103/264, 265, 252, 263; gas.
  • the method includes the steps of ejecting a metallic liquid 62/500; /67, 66, 88; 310/11 through a nozzle at high speed to enclose, with a sheet of the liquid, a rotationally symmetric space which tapers in the R f r Ciled direction of flow of the liquid, and directing the two-phase UNITED STATES PATENTS metallic stream into the space.
  • the present invention relates to a method of condensing the gaseous portion of a two-phase stream consisting of liquid droplets and a gas.
  • thermodynamic circulation apparatus When designing thermodynamic circulation apparatus, it is often necessary to condense the gaseous portion of a twophase fluid stream consisting of droplets and steam.
  • a twophase stream of this kind can arise, for example, in a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) circulation system which employs a single fluid medium when the liquid and the gaseous phase of the medium are present together, usually not in thermodynamic equilibrium.
  • MHD magnetohydrodynamic
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method of condensing the gaseous portion of a two-phase stream without causing substantial losses in kinetic energy due to friction.
  • the medium which is employed for the liquid jet is the same as that which makes up the two-phase stream. This obviates the otherwise necessity of separating the two streams after the condensation.
  • the preferred embodiment of the method includes a rotationally symmetric condensing tube connected, for example, at the end of a convering out the method according to the present invention, for condensing the gaseous portion of a two-phase stream consisting of liquid droplets and a gas.
  • the figure shows a condensing tube 1 having an opening 2 for receiving the two-phase stream. The direction of flow of the two-phase stream is indicated by the arrow 6.
  • the stream of liquid 4 enters the tube I at high speed through the nozzle 3. It forms, inside the tube, a rotationally symmetric liquid sheet 5.
  • the two-phase stream is produced from a superheated liquid in the flow channel 7.
  • This liquid is passed through a convergent-divergent nozzle 8 and initially forms bubbles due to expansion.
  • the bubbles quickly grow and break the fluid into droplets which are accelerated by the expanding steam.
  • the sheet of liquid As the two-phase stream passes through the space enclosed by. the sheet of liquid, it condenses and forms a single-phase or liquid stream 12. If the condensing method is employed in an MI-ID generator, for example, and the stream 12 consists of a liquid metal (sodium or potassium), its kinetic energy may then be transformed into electrical energy.
  • a liquid metal sodium or potassium
  • annular nozzle 13 is provided coaxially with the nozzle 3 to provide passage for steam or a gas.
  • the steam or gas is fed under pressure through the channels 14 and the nozzle 13 into the space 15 between the liquid sheet 5 and the wall 1 of the condensing tube.
  • the outer annular nozzle serves to supply a gas or steam under pressure to the space between the liquid sheet and the walls of the condensing tube. It is possible, however, to dispense with this outer steam nozzle if all the dimensions of the apparatus are well chosen to provide the proper directionality and stability to the liquid sheet.
  • FIGURE is a cross-sectional and representational diagram of apparatus for condensing the gaseous portion of a two phase stream, according to a preferred method of the present invention.
  • the invention can be used to condense such gas.
  • the method of condensing metallic vapor from a liquid vapor mixture thereof for use with a magnetohydrodynamic generator comprising introducing a superheated, electrically conductive, metallic liquid into a convergent-divergent nozzle and removing a mixture of metallic vapor and liquid at the outlet thereof, contacting said mixture of metallic vapor and liquid with a surrounding metallic annular converging sheet of liquid, of the same composition, issuing from a coaxial nozzle in a converging condensing tube, introducing a pressurized gas through a nozzle in surrounding relation to the metallic liquid sheet to maintain the liquid in sheet form, and condensing the metallic vapor by the contact of the metallic liquid sheet with the vapor liquid mixture in said converging condensing tube downstream of said convergent-divergent nozzle.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US748250A 1967-07-29 1968-07-29 Method of condensing metallic vapor Expired - Lifetime US3634067A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19671601110 DE1601110C3 (de) 1967-07-29 1967-07-29 Verfahren zur Kondensation einer Zweiphasenströmung

Publications (1)

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US3634067A true US3634067A (en) 1972-01-11

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ID=5680868

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US748250A Expired - Lifetime US3634067A (en) 1967-07-29 1968-07-29 Method of condensing metallic vapor

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US (1) US3634067A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1575197A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1241699A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3878410A (en) * 1974-02-21 1975-04-15 Us Energy Two-phase liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator
US4274019A (en) * 1978-07-14 1981-06-16 Aladiev Ivan T Liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic converter
US4488904A (en) * 1983-05-10 1984-12-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for retrieving metallic vapor in the liquid phase using pool of molten retrieving metal
US4536938A (en) * 1980-04-26 1985-08-27 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Process for the continuous production of solid alkali metal strands
US5354363A (en) * 1993-07-22 1994-10-11 Brown Jr Jesse J Heavy metal/particulate trap for hot gas clean-up
WO2025104000A1 (en) * 2023-11-13 2025-05-22 Makeen First A gas pipe exit with a device for disruption of bubbles from a gasiform fluid

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1004664A (en) * 1906-12-05 1911-10-03 Expl Des Procedes Westinghouse Leblanc Sa Condenser.
US1963295A (en) * 1932-07-02 1934-06-19 Firm Alex Injector for feeding locomotives or other boilers
US2000762A (en) * 1933-10-26 1935-05-07 Gen Electric Fluid jet pump
US2060557A (en) * 1934-07-25 1936-11-10 Ind Patents Corp Mixing device
US2190109A (en) * 1937-07-09 1940-02-13 George A Ball Low pressure steam injector
US2416255A (en) * 1945-03-24 1947-02-18 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for condensing metallic vapors
US3294989A (en) * 1961-09-25 1966-12-27 Trw Inc Power conversion system
US3315806A (en) * 1963-10-11 1967-04-25 Bayer Ag Method and apparatus of separating entrained particles from gases
US3399511A (en) * 1966-02-15 1968-09-03 American Hydrotherm Corp Jet compressor
US3513336A (en) * 1967-07-13 1970-05-19 North American Rockwell Method for controlling a power generating system

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1004664A (en) * 1906-12-05 1911-10-03 Expl Des Procedes Westinghouse Leblanc Sa Condenser.
US1963295A (en) * 1932-07-02 1934-06-19 Firm Alex Injector for feeding locomotives or other boilers
US2000762A (en) * 1933-10-26 1935-05-07 Gen Electric Fluid jet pump
US2060557A (en) * 1934-07-25 1936-11-10 Ind Patents Corp Mixing device
US2190109A (en) * 1937-07-09 1940-02-13 George A Ball Low pressure steam injector
US2416255A (en) * 1945-03-24 1947-02-18 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for condensing metallic vapors
US3294989A (en) * 1961-09-25 1966-12-27 Trw Inc Power conversion system
US3315806A (en) * 1963-10-11 1967-04-25 Bayer Ag Method and apparatus of separating entrained particles from gases
US3399511A (en) * 1966-02-15 1968-09-03 American Hydrotherm Corp Jet compressor
US3513336A (en) * 1967-07-13 1970-05-19 North American Rockwell Method for controlling a power generating system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3878410A (en) * 1974-02-21 1975-04-15 Us Energy Two-phase liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator
US4274019A (en) * 1978-07-14 1981-06-16 Aladiev Ivan T Liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic converter
US4536938A (en) * 1980-04-26 1985-08-27 Degussa Aktiengesellschaft Process for the continuous production of solid alkali metal strands
US4488904A (en) * 1983-05-10 1984-12-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for retrieving metallic vapor in the liquid phase using pool of molten retrieving metal
US5354363A (en) * 1993-07-22 1994-10-11 Brown Jr Jesse J Heavy metal/particulate trap for hot gas clean-up
WO2025104000A1 (en) * 2023-11-13 2025-05-22 Makeen First A gas pipe exit with a device for disruption of bubbles from a gasiform fluid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1241699A (en) 1971-08-04
FR1575197A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-07-18

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