US3596461A - Electromagnetic driving system for timepieces - Google Patents

Electromagnetic driving system for timepieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3596461A
US3596461A US754596A US3596461DA US3596461A US 3596461 A US3596461 A US 3596461A US 754596 A US754596 A US 754596A US 3596461D A US3596461D A US 3596461DA US 3596461 A US3596461 A US 3596461A
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coil
transistor
base
transistors
circuit
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US754596A
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English (en)
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Robert W Reich
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/067—Driving circuits with distinct detecting and driving coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/069—Driving circuits using a single coil for detection and driving purposes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic driving system for timepieces, for example watches.
  • All electromagnetic driving systems for timepieces and having transistor circuits and permanent magnets hitherto known involve a driving coil and an excitation coil.
  • This excitation coil is located in a basic circuit and the voltage produced in the excitation coil causes conduction of a transistor.
  • Two coils are always necessary and these coils are either coupled to one another or lie next to one another or are located in any other way, such that the conduction of the transistor releases an impulse to the driving coil.
  • One object of the present invention is to overcome the aforesaid drawbacks.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an electronic magnetic driving system wherein only one single coil is arranged for receiving exciting impulses and retransmitting driving impulses.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide blocking means in the circuit in order to render ineffectual the exciting impulses induced in the coil during the second halt oscillation.
  • electromagnetic driving systems for timepieces with permanent magnets on a mechanical oscillator and stationary coil means, or with oscillating coil and stationary magnets comprises a single driving coil, also, serves the purpose of supplying the excitation impulses for the control of the transistor circuit.
  • the pulses are decoupled capacitively or galvanically from the driving coil via high-locking diodes, Zener diodes or by way of transformer simultaneously from the same coil.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of a timepiece driving system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment.
  • the coil 1 is connected between the negative terminal of a battery B and the collector of a PNP transistor 2, the emitter of which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. Also, connected to the positive terminal of the battery is the base of an NPN transistor 4, the collector of which is connected to the base of the first transistor 2 and the emitter of which is connected to the battery negative terminal.
  • the lead from the base of transistor 4 to the positive terminal contains a resistance 3.
  • a silicon diode 5 of which the current flow direction is from the base to the emitter of transistor 4.
  • the base of the transistor 4 is connected through a series circuit comprising a resistance 6 and a condenser 7 to the collector of the transistor 2.
  • the coil 1 is located between the two poles of an astatic magnet system N-S which is'mounted on the insides of two parallel plates 12, 12a fixed to the axle of the oscillatory member of a timepiece.
  • Two counter weights 10 face the magnet system N-S.
  • the electromagnetic driving system outlined above operates as follows.
  • the astatic magnet system N-S is swinging over the coil 1 in the direction of the arrow I, in the coil 1 a positive impulse is induced by which the NPN transistor 4 is biased to conduction according to the time constant given by the capacitance 4 and the resistance 6.
  • the potential at the base of the transistor 4 is stabilized by means of the diode 5 in such a manner that the transistor current has a constant value.
  • the conducting transistor 4 draws current from the base of PNP transistor 2; thereby the transistor 2 is biased to conduction, whereupon current flows from the positive terminal of the battery B through the transistor 2.
  • the driving coil 1 has one end connected to the collector of the PNP transistor 2, the emitter of which is connected to the positive terminal of the battery B and its other end is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor 4, the emitter of which is connected to the negative terminal of the battery.
  • a condenser 8 In parallel with the coil I is a condenser 8. From the emitter of the transistor 2 a lead containing a resistance 3 is connected to the base of the transistor 4; the base of the transistor 4 is also connected to the collector of the transistor 2 by a series circuit containing a resistance 6 and a condenser 7. A lead extends between the base of the transistor 2 and the collector of the transistor 4 and such lead embodies a resistance 9.
  • the operative of the FIG. 2 circuit is as follows. At first neither transistor is conducting and as the coil is in series connected to them no current can flow through the transistors.
  • the impulse induced by magnet system N-S swinging over the coil 1 in the direction of the arrow I is applied to the base of the transistors 2 and 4; thus, both transistors will conduct simultaneously and current will flow from the battery B through the transistors 2, 4 and the interconnected coil I bearing a repellent impulse on the magnet system.
  • the condenser 8 which is slowly discharged determines the switch'on time.
  • the coil may be made up of several smaller coils in series.
  • the necessity of having one or several excitation coils is dispensed with.
  • a high-induction voltage is produced across the driving coil which is greater than the steady driving voltage across the driving coil due to the battery.
  • This induced voltage is decoupled and placed on the base of the transistor 4.
  • this decoupled induction voltage from the driving coil can readily be used as an excitation impulse on the transistor base.
  • both transistors may be arranged next to one another as a completely independent circuit. They may, however, also be connected to one another by means of coupling members and the driving coil for the circuit is so arranged by means of capacitive, galvanic or inductive coupling so that for both phase opposition impulses also phase opposition driving currents occur.
  • the transistor circuit is so arranged that after each impulse the switch direction of the current changes in the driving coil for the transistor or the transistor.
  • a watch which is provided with a normal excitation and driving coil and the appropriate magnet system draws about 5 to times the current of a watch constructed according to the invention.
  • a higher moment is attainable than with two coils on the same coil carrier and in the same thickness of the coils and the same diameter.
  • the thickness of wire for the exciter coil is different from that required for the driving coil. if one winds, for example, bifilar or if concentric coils are wound then each coil must be adapted to the necessary data of the transistor which is used. A driving coil must, therefore, for example, be wound with a wire thickness of 0.05 mm. and an exciter coil with a wire thickness of 0.03 mm. With bifilar coils a very large space is lost due to the use of different thickness of wire. With concentric coils there are available only very small annular coils for the drive as well as for the outer lying or inner lying exciter coil.
  • a further substantial advantage is that in a mass production the disposition of the amplification factor of the transistors does not enter the driving moment as is the case with exciter and driving circuit.
  • the temperature dependence is substantially lower because the threshold voltage of the transistor is varied by 2 millivolts per degree Celsius, and the exciter voltage must be so arranged that also with lower temperatures even up to 20 or 40 degrees the voltage produced on the exciter coil still suffices to operate the transistor.
  • This also completely falls away with the decoupling of the induction voltage as the induction voltage in any case is higher by powers of ten or at least by one power of 10 even with only a single coil and a magnet and this high induction voltage in any case operates the transistor.
  • the existing voltage dependence for each transistor circuit can in the usual manner be compensated by Zener diode circuits or VDR-resistance in the circuit as in normal circuits.
  • Zener diode circuits or VDR-resistance in the circuit as in normal circuits.
  • VDR-resistance in the circuit as in normal circuits.
  • the simplest watch which is to be constructed according to this method consists only of a stationary driving coil which is arranged optimally for the transistor and an astatic vibrating pair of magnets an the balance or on a pendulum and corresponding transistor circuit 'either for the single phase use of the induction impulse or for the phase opposition use with corresponding transistor circuits.
  • the phase opposition transistor circuit with phase opposition control transistors is the most advantageous as it automatically gives in the same coil a double driving impulse of alternating direction.
  • a further considerable advantage in particular for wrist watches results from the fact that after l a driving coil is arranged which with transistors are driven next to one another as an independent circuit. In this way, one has the possibility of utilizing in the best possible manner the space which is available for the driving of the vibrating balance in a wrist watch because after vibration arc only in the correct transistor of the driving coil can also the correct driving impulse be given and after 180 a locking impulse can never occur. If one uses hereby two pairs of magnets arranged astatically after 180 then also the balancing and the position dependence for the wrist watch is reduced to a minimum an in fact without further expenditure.
  • any desired arrangement of coils and any desired transistor circuits can be used as one need never take into account any excitation impulses which lie wrongly or are added or removed as one has always only driving coils so that, therefore, in the whole amplitude of oscillation no retarding impulses can occur.
  • an electronic circuit comprising; a pair of complementary transistors having their collectors connected to said coil means to form a series circuit; a direct current source connected between the emitters of said transistors to complete a series loop and biased to enable current flow through said loop; and circuit means connected between said coil means and the bases of said transistors for turning on said transistors in accordance with a signal generated by the relative movement of the permanent magnets and coil means.
  • circuit means comprises a first resistance means connected between said coil means and a base of one transistor.
  • circuit means further includes a second resistance means and a capacitance means connected between said coil means and a base of the other transistor.
  • the system of claim 1 further including a biasing potential means on at least one transistor base.
  • the collectors of the two transistors are connected to each other through the coil
  • the collector of the PNP-type transistor is connected to the base of NPN-type transistor through the first capacitance means
  • the collector of the NPN-type transistor is connected to the base of the PNP-type transistor through the first re sistance means,
  • the emitter of the PNP-type transistor is connected to the base of the NPN-type transistor through the second resistance means
  • the second capacitance means is connected in parallel with the coil.
  • each of the transistors is of the silicon type and has a biasing potential on its base.
  • each biasing potential is effected by a series connection of a capacitance means and a resistance means, the time constant resulting from said series connection having at least approximately the same value as the time constant resulting from the speed of the mechanical oscillator.
  • an electronic circuit comprising; a direct current source and only one singlecoil defining said coil means' a pair of complementary transistors; the emitter and coliector of a first PNP transistor of said pair connected in series with said direct current source and said coil defining an output circuit; a series connection of a capacitance means, a first resistance means, and a second resistance means connected in said order between the collector and emitter of said first transistor; a second capacitance means connected in parallel with said coil; and controlling means including a second transistor of said pair for biasing said first transistor to condition and releasing the current flow through said coil only as said mechanical oscillator effects a predetermined half-oscillation, said second transistor having its base connected to said series connection at a junction between said first resistance means and said second resistance means, its emitter and collector inserted between said direct current source and said coil, and its collector connected to the base oi said first

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
US754596A 1968-02-06 1968-08-22 Electromagnetic driving system for timepieces Expired - Lifetime US3596461A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH190368A CH491426A (de) 1968-02-06 1968-02-06 Elektronisch-magnetische Antriebsvorrichtung für Uhren

Publications (1)

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US3596461A true US3596461A (en) 1971-08-03

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US754596A Expired - Lifetime US3596461A (en) 1968-02-06 1968-08-22 Electromagnetic driving system for timepieces

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US (1) US3596461A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH190368A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1904889A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2001412A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1262744A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3744233A (en) * 1970-07-31 1973-07-10 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electric timepiece
US3759028A (en) * 1971-02-10 1973-09-18 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electronic watch
US3802178A (en) * 1971-02-12 1974-04-09 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electric timepiece with light responsive battery recharging

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2009612B2 (de) * 1970-03-02 1972-06-29 Forschungsgesellschaft für Uhren- und Feingeräte-Technik, 7000 Stuttgart Schwingungssystem mit elektronischer steuerung fuer uhren

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1241370B (de) * 1964-10-10 1967-05-24 Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh Kontaktlos gesteuerte elektrische Uhr

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1241370B (de) * 1964-10-10 1967-05-24 Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh Kontaktlos gesteuerte elektrische Uhr

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3744233A (en) * 1970-07-31 1973-07-10 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electric timepiece
US3759028A (en) * 1971-02-10 1973-09-18 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electronic watch
US3802178A (en) * 1971-02-12 1974-04-09 Suwa Seikosha Kk Electric timepiece with light responsive battery recharging

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Publication number Publication date
GB1262744A (en) 1972-02-02
DE1904889A1 (de) 1969-09-11
CH491426A (de) 1970-02-13
FR2001412A7 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-09-26
CH190368A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-02-13

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