US3595181A - Air modulation for waste incinerator - Google Patents

Air modulation for waste incinerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3595181A
US3595181A US28895A US3595181DA US3595181A US 3595181 A US3595181 A US 3595181A US 28895 A US28895 A US 28895A US 3595181D A US3595181D A US 3595181DA US 3595181 A US3595181 A US 3595181A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
air supply
primary combustion
supply duct
primary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US28895A
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English (en)
Inventor
William M Anderson
Lubertus Bakker
Richard F Stockman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enercon Systems Inc
Original Assignee
Air Preheater Co Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Preheater Co Inc filed Critical Air Preheater Co Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3595181A publication Critical patent/US3595181A/en
Assigned to ENERCON SYSTEMS, INC. reassignment ENERCON SYSTEMS, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: AIR PREHEATER COMPANY, INC. THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/18—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a stack

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an incinerator arrangement comprising a primary and one or more secondary combustion chambers arranged in series wherein insufficient or starved air" conditions are maintained in the primary incinerator chamber to provide incomplete combustion or gasification of a charge placed therein. Unburned gases produced in the primary combustion chamber are subsequently directed to the secondary combustion chamber where they are mixed with sufficient air and burned completely. Noncombustible e exhaust gases alone are vented to the atmosphere.
  • the present invention relates to a starved air" type incinerator wherein the amount of combustion air supplied is modulated or continuously controlled so as to maintain the desired incineration temperatures within the primary combustion chamber and in the afterbumer during various interruptions in the supply of fuel or changes in the physical nature of the fuel (waste material) being charged.
  • combustion control by continuous control or air modulation is achieved by the use of suitable sensing devices in the primary combustion chamber and in the afterburner that control the supply of combustion and cooling air so that a particularly constant incineration temperature is maintained in each chamber in spite of normal operational changes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevation of an incinerator (partially broken away) which shows a primary and secondary combustion chamber with the controls necessary to make it a completely modulated system, and
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the same apparatus.
  • the reference numeral l designates a combustion vessel enclosing a primary combustion chamber 11 having a gas outlet port 12 at one end and a waste loading and access door 14 pivotally supported on hinges at the other.
  • the inner wall of the vessel is suitably insulated by a layer of firebrick which in turn has a coating of castable fire resistant material 22 capable of withstanding temperatures that may range upward to 2500 F.
  • the same tubes 24 may be used for the selective supply or injection of an inert gas whereby oxidation within the combustion chamber Il may be slowed or even stopped at any point of operation by the injection of an inert or noncombustible gas.
  • the oxygen supply tubes 24 are connected to an outside source of air 25 by the supply duct 27.
  • An outlet stack 40 is connected to the outlet port 12 leading from the main combustion chamber.
  • the stack 40 contains a secondary combustion chamber 25 having a separate burner including a source of fuel and suitable ignition means 43.
  • the air for combustion in the secondary chamber may be supplied through duct 31 by the same source 25 used to supply air to the primary chamber, the air flow through duct 31 being continuously controlled by modulating valve 30 in the same manner as valve 28 controls the air flowing through duct 27.
  • air for combustion is provided to the primary chamber in considerably less than stoichiometric quantities.
  • an interruption in the supply of fuel (or waste) to the primary chamber leads to a rapid increase'in temperature therein as the gaseous mixture passes through stoichiometric proportions and combustion becomes more complete.
  • a limit switch 52 controlling valve 28 through controller 37 is actuated as soon as door 14 is opened to charge the combustion chamber with waste.
  • air entering the primary combustion chamber 11 through door 14 when it is opened to load waste therein is offset by the closure of valve 28.
  • the control valve 28 is, in addition, temperature controlled so that it acts in response to a thermocouple 54 in primary chamber or the thermocouple 56 in the secondary chamber.
  • controller 37 an increase or decrease of temperature in either the primary or the secondary combustion zones may be used to actuate the valve 28 to control the flow of air to the primary combustion chamber 11.
  • the control valve 30 modulating air flow through duct 31 is operated in accordance with controller 39 which may be set to move toward an open or closed position in accordance with the signal received from thermocouple 54 or thermocouple 56.
  • thermocouple 56 in the primary combustion chamber is usually set to override thermocouple 54 except when further overridden by manual control, timer, or the like indicated at 57.
  • a similar manual control may be included in controller 39 however, since such controls are standard in the art and have attained substantial commercial prominence their details are not here shown.
  • Controller 37 for valve 28 isset to support combustion in primary combustion chamber 11 which provides at thermocouple 56, for example, a temperature ranging from 1700" F. to 2000 F. If the controller 37 receives a signal from thermocouple 56 indicating that the temperature of the burning gas from the burning waste material in the primary combustion chamber is increasing towards or exceeds the predetermined set temperature, the control of modulating valve 28 is moved automatically towards a closed position to retard combustion in the primary combustion chamber. As a result of a decreased rate of combustion in chamber 11 the temperature of combustion within the primary combustion chamber lowers to the normal set temperature and the proper quantity of combustible gas is produced for combustion within secondary combustion chamber 25.
  • thermocouple 54 The signal produced by the thermocouple 54 and that produced by actuation of the limit switch 52 may be transmitted to the controller 37 by the same or separate circuits in the manner shown by FIG. 1 so that valve 28 responds to either signal produced thereby.
  • valve 28 When the door 14 is no longer being opened periodically to permit the loading of fuel into the primary chamber 11, or when the need for continuous modulation of air being supplied through duct 27 is otherwise terminated, the switch 52 on controller 37 for valve 28 may be moved from automatic to manual control.
  • thermocouple 56 In normal operation the temperature of the burning gases in the secondary combustion chamber will effect an increase of temperature on thermocouple 56 until it approaches the set point of controller 37. As the temperature increases, the controller 37 causes valve 28 to move gradually toward a closed position to reduce the air being supplied to the primary combustion chamber and the rate of combustion therein. However, when controller 39 for valve 30 receives a similar signal from thennocouple 56 indicating an increase of temperature in chamber 25, valve 30 is set to move toward an open position to supply additional air thereto for more complete combustion as the rate of combustion increases, the temperature in the secondary combustion 25 will similarly rise. An upper temperature limit imposed upon the thermocouple 56 effects a signal which acts through controller 39 and is set to open valve 30 completely to supply an excess of air to the chamber 25 to cool it by dilution.
  • a water spray device 62 in chamber 11 may be set to respond to conditions in combustion chamber 25 as detected by thermocouple 64 whereby, for example, an increase of temperature in excess of certain predetermined limits would actuate the spray 62, cool the primary chamber 11 and decrease the temperature at 25.
  • the water spray 62 could otherwise be actuated by a thermocouple in chamber ll, an independent timer, a limit switch on door 14 or the like without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • valve 30 which modulates or gradually changes to regulate the air flowing to chamber 25 is set to open upon an increase of temperature in chambers 11 or 25 to provide additional oxygen to the secondary combustion chamber and insure complete combustion of the gases before they are exhausted to the atmosphere.
  • valve 28 modulating air flowing to the primary chamber ll is adapted to close upon an increase of temperature in either chamber H or 25 to reduce the amount of air flowing through duct 27 and the resulting rate of combustion and gasification in the primary chamber 11.
  • An incinerator for burning combustible material comprising a primary combustion chamber having an inlet opening for waste material and an outlet port for gases exhausting therefrom, an outlet stack containing a secondary combustion chamber connected to the outlet port to receive gases exhausting from the primary combustion chamber, movable door means closing t e inlet opening for waste material, an air supply duct connected to the primary combustion chamber, valve means in the air supply duct continuously modulating air flowing to the primary combustion chamber, and means responsive to temperature of the burning waste material controlling the valve means in the air supply duct whereby an increase of temperature effects a decrease of air being supplied to the primary combustion chamber.
  • An incinerator as defined in claim 1 having an air supply duct connected to the secondary combustion chamber, valve means in the air supply duct leading to the secondary combustion chamber, temperature responsive means in the secondary combustion chamber inversely controlling the valve means in the air supply duct thereto whereby an increase of temperature in the secondary combustion chamber effects an increase of air being supplied thereto.
  • An incinerator of the type defined in claim 1 including a cooling means in the primary combustion chamber, and a thermocouple responsive to an increase of temperature in said incinerator actuating the cooling means when the temperature exceeds a predetermined limit.
  • An incinerator of the type defined in claim 1 including a limit switch operable upon opening the movable door, and means responsive to a signal from said limit switch closing the primary air supply valve when said door is opened.
  • Apparatus for incinerating combustible material comprising a primary combustion chamber having an inlet opening for waste material and an outlet port for gases exhausting therefrom, an outlet stack containing a secondary combustion chamber connected to the outlet port to receive gases exhausting from the primary combustion chamber, a door for the inlet opening to the primary combustion chamber, an air supply duct connected to the primary combustion chamber, valve means in said air supply duct continuously modulating air flowing to the primary combustion chamber, a secondary air supply duct connected to the secondary combustion chamber, valve means in the secondary air supply duct arranged to control air flowing the'rethrough, a thermocouple in the secondary combustion chamber detecting the gas temperature therein, and control means responsive to said thermocouple in the secondary combustion chamber simultaneously moving the valve in the secondary air supply duct toward an open position and the valve in the primary air supply duct toward a closed position to provide complete oxidation of the gas produced by the burning waste.
  • An incinerator for burning combustible waste material as defined in claim 5 including a water cooling spray in the primary combustion chamber, a source of water connected to said cooling spray, and means responsive to an increase of temperature in the incinerator actuating the cooling spray in the primary combustion chamber.
  • An incinerator for burning combustible waste material as defined in claim 6 including a limit switch on the door for the inlet opening to the primary combustion chamber, and means closing the modulating valve to the primary combustion chamber when said door is moved to an open" position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US28895A 1970-04-15 1970-04-15 Air modulation for waste incinerator Expired - Lifetime US3595181A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US2889570A 1970-04-15 1970-04-15

Publications (1)

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US3595181A true US3595181A (en) 1971-07-27

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US28895A Expired - Lifetime US3595181A (en) 1970-04-15 1970-04-15 Air modulation for waste incinerator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3595181A (de)
CA (1) CA945825A (de)
DE (1) DE2117938A1 (de)
ES (1) ES197512Y (de)
FR (1) FR2089718A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1324747A (de)
NL (1) NL7104988A (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3727564A (en) * 1971-09-09 1973-04-17 Air Preheater Modulated fuel
US3736888A (en) * 1971-07-29 1973-06-05 Mosley F Smoke and fumes abatement apparatus
US3789104A (en) * 1971-02-25 1974-01-29 Scm Corp Control method for fume incinerators
US3931012A (en) * 1974-02-19 1976-01-06 Atlantic Fluidics, Inc. Sewage treatment system
US4354440A (en) * 1980-11-06 1982-10-19 Environmental Control Products, Inc. Underfire air and steam system and incinerating process for a controlled starved-air incinerator
US4356778A (en) * 1980-11-06 1982-11-02 Environmental Control Products, Inc. Underfire air and steam system and incinerating process for a controlled starved-air incinerator
US4557203A (en) * 1984-08-13 1985-12-10 Pollution Control Products Co. Method of controlling a reclamation furnace
US4870910A (en) * 1989-01-25 1989-10-03 John Zink Company Waste incineration method and apparatus
EP0548387A1 (de) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-30 Ito, Rokuro Fahrzeug zur Verbrennung von medizinischen Abfällen
US5237938A (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-08-24 Rokuro Ito Mobile type medical refuse incinerating vehicle
EP0568104A2 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-03 KIV Kovinska Industrija Vransko d.o.o. Verschwel- und Verbrennungsanlage
EP0921353A2 (de) 1997-12-02 1999-06-09 Eco Waste Solutions Inc. Geregeltes Verfahren zur thermischen Oxidation von organischen Abfallstoffen
US20060107595A1 (en) * 2004-11-23 2006-05-25 Kenneth Davison Side feed/centre ash dump system
US20090031934A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-05 The Mcburney Corporation Biomass Energy Recovery Apparatus
US20140311477A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-10-23 Reginald James Davenport Control system for monitoring and adjusting combustion performance in a cordwood-fired heating appliance
US20180282628A1 (en) 2012-02-16 2018-10-04 Biochar Now , Llc Exhaust System For A Biochar Kiln
US20180282629A1 (en) * 2012-03-11 2018-10-04 Biochar Now, Llc Flow Regulation For A Biochar Kiln
US10370593B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2019-08-06 Biochar Now, Llc Controlled kiln and manufacturing system for biochar production
US10385273B2 (en) 2016-04-03 2019-08-20 Biochar Now, Llc Biochar kiln
US10751885B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2020-08-25 Biochar Now, Llc Gripper assembly for portable biochar kiln
US11135728B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2021-10-05 Biochar Now, Llc Lid assembly for portable biochar kiln

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2566099B1 (fr) * 1984-06-13 1986-09-05 Socea Balency Sobea Four d'incineration de dechets menagers et industriels
GB2531010A (en) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-13 Linde Ag Incineration of waste
CN106705051A (zh) * 2015-11-12 2017-05-24 衡阳衡锅锅炉有限公司 一种新节能垃圾焚烧炉

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1995723A (en) * 1931-01-17 1935-03-26 John W Van Denburg Apparatus for preventing nuisance in incinerating waste materials
US3323475A (en) * 1965-04-09 1967-06-06 Despatch Oven Company Incinerator apparatus
US3491707A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-01-27 Air Preheater Gaseous waste incinerator

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1995723A (en) * 1931-01-17 1935-03-26 John W Van Denburg Apparatus for preventing nuisance in incinerating waste materials
US3323475A (en) * 1965-04-09 1967-06-06 Despatch Oven Company Incinerator apparatus
US3491707A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-01-27 Air Preheater Gaseous waste incinerator

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3789104A (en) * 1971-02-25 1974-01-29 Scm Corp Control method for fume incinerators
US3736888A (en) * 1971-07-29 1973-06-05 Mosley F Smoke and fumes abatement apparatus
US3727564A (en) * 1971-09-09 1973-04-17 Air Preheater Modulated fuel
US3931012A (en) * 1974-02-19 1976-01-06 Atlantic Fluidics, Inc. Sewage treatment system
US4354440A (en) * 1980-11-06 1982-10-19 Environmental Control Products, Inc. Underfire air and steam system and incinerating process for a controlled starved-air incinerator
US4356778A (en) * 1980-11-06 1982-11-02 Environmental Control Products, Inc. Underfire air and steam system and incinerating process for a controlled starved-air incinerator
US4557203A (en) * 1984-08-13 1985-12-10 Pollution Control Products Co. Method of controlling a reclamation furnace
US4870910A (en) * 1989-01-25 1989-10-03 John Zink Company Waste incineration method and apparatus
EP0548387A1 (de) * 1991-12-13 1993-06-30 Ito, Rokuro Fahrzeug zur Verbrennung von medizinischen Abfällen
US5237938A (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-08-24 Rokuro Ito Mobile type medical refuse incinerating vehicle
EP0568104A2 (de) * 1992-04-30 1993-11-03 KIV Kovinska Industrija Vransko d.o.o. Verschwel- und Verbrennungsanlage
EP0568104A3 (en) * 1992-04-30 1993-12-15 Kiv Kovinska Ind Vransko D O O Pyrolysis and combustion installation
EP0921353A2 (de) 1997-12-02 1999-06-09 Eco Waste Solutions Inc. Geregeltes Verfahren zur thermischen Oxidation von organischen Abfallstoffen
US5941184A (en) * 1997-12-02 1999-08-24 Eco Waste Solutions Inc. Controlled thermal oxidation process for organic wastes
US20060107595A1 (en) * 2004-11-23 2006-05-25 Kenneth Davison Side feed/centre ash dump system
US7793601B2 (en) 2004-11-23 2010-09-14 Kenneth Davison Side feed/centre ash dump system
US20090031934A1 (en) * 2007-08-03 2009-02-05 The Mcburney Corporation Biomass Energy Recovery Apparatus
US8117974B2 (en) * 2007-08-03 2012-02-21 The Mcburney Corporation Biomass energy recovery apparatus
US11135728B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2021-10-05 Biochar Now, Llc Lid assembly for portable biochar kiln
US20180282628A1 (en) 2012-02-16 2018-10-04 Biochar Now , Llc Exhaust System For A Biochar Kiln
US10751885B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2020-08-25 Biochar Now, Llc Gripper assembly for portable biochar kiln
US10160911B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2018-12-25 Biochar Now, Llc Exhaust system for a biochar kiln
US10370593B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2019-08-06 Biochar Now, Llc Controlled kiln and manufacturing system for biochar production
US10323845B2 (en) 2012-03-11 2019-06-18 Biochar Now, Llc Airflow control and heat recovery in a managed kiln
US10253979B2 (en) * 2012-03-11 2019-04-09 Biochar Now, Llc Flow regulation for a biochar kiln
US10527282B2 (en) 2012-03-11 2020-01-07 Biochar Now, Llc Managed biochar kiln
US20180282629A1 (en) * 2012-03-11 2018-10-04 Biochar Now, Llc Flow Regulation For A Biochar Kiln
US20140311477A1 (en) * 2013-03-07 2014-10-23 Reginald James Davenport Control system for monitoring and adjusting combustion performance in a cordwood-fired heating appliance
US10385273B2 (en) 2016-04-03 2019-08-20 Biochar Now, Llc Biochar kiln
US10385274B2 (en) 2016-04-03 2019-08-20 Biochar Now, Llc Portable biochar kiln
US10883052B2 (en) 2016-04-03 2021-01-05 Biochar Now, Llc Biochar kiln

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1324747A (en) 1973-07-25
ES197512Y (es) 1975-09-16
FR2089718A5 (de) 1972-01-07
CA945825A (en) 1974-04-23
DE2117938A1 (de) 1971-10-28
ES197512U (es) 1975-04-16
NL7104988A (de) 1971-10-19

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