US358549A

US358549A - Machine for granulating and cleaning tobacco

Info

Publication number: US358549A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1887-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 1904-03-01

Description

(No Model.) s sheen-sheerJ 1. E J. D. COODWlN.

MACHINE FOR GRANULATING AND CLEANING- TOBACCO.

No. 358,549. Patented Mar. 1, 1887.

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(No Mmm.)

J. D. GOODWIN. MACHINE FOR `GRANULATLNGr AND CLEANING TOBAGGO,

Patented Mar. l, 1887.

nire diaree arnr rriea JAMES DENNIS GOODWIN, OF DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA.

MACHINE FOR GRANULATING AND CLEANING TOBACCO.

SPECIFICATION forming part or Letters Patent No. 358,549, dated March l, 1887.

(No model.)

To CLU whom t may concern:

Beitknown that LJAMES Dennis GOODWIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Durham, in the county of Durham and State of North Carolina, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machines for Grannlating and Cleaning Tobacco, of which the following specification is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to machinery for treating tobacco-leaves(whether separately or in hands) and scrap-tobacco in order to remove the stems and to granulate the leafy portion and to clean the same, and also for granulating tobaccostems, the object being to prepare the tobacco for smoking.

It consists, iirst, in the combination, with a breaker of any ordinary or suitable description for reducing, breaking up, or grannlating the tobacco leaves and stems, of screening, elevating, and conveying mechanism comprising a rotatoryscreen or tubular sieve provided with means for carrying up the material which collects thereon and for delivering it again to the breaker, the said mechanism operating to feed the material lengthwise of said screen until it escapes as tailings, and in its progress to sift the same and deliver the coarser parts to the breaker repeatedly. The finer portions pass through the meshes of the screen or sieve, so that they are not broken excessively. The breaker is placed inside the screen.

IIeretofore an endless belt or a screw-coni veyer has been used or proposed for receiving the coarser tobacco from a breaker, after the fine portion has been screened out, and returning it to the breaker. Heretofore, also, a breaker has been made or proposed in which a number of disks are mounted on a shaft inside of and in contact with a rotatory screen or sieve,and the tobacco is reduced or granulated by passing between the disks and the bolt, and these disks have pockets designed to carry the coarser tobacco over, so that it may be subjected again to the reducing action of the disks. In neither of these old arrangements is there a screen provided with means for elevating the tobacco; but the screen and the elevating means are distinct and separate. The use of the screen provided with elevating means enablesany suitable form of breaker to he used7 since the latter is or may be independent of the screen in its action, and it further enables the mechanism to be placed in asmall compass, and also reduces to a minimum the loss of tobacco by rubbing the leaves into pow der. The saving of tobacco by avoiding the formation of powder is one of the main advantages ofthe invention. The conveyer or con! veying means is preferably the screen itself, it being so arranged that the tobacco is fed pro gressively through it by gravity. -After each breakage the coarse tobacco is returned to a different part of the breaker, the stems and other tailings being delivered ont of the end of the screen or sieve. Preferably, also, the screen is made in the form of the frustum of a hollow cone. It may also be observed that heretofore a rotary screen provided with elevating devices has been combined with apair or pairs of crushing rolls supported inside the same; but the machine was not designed nor adapted to granulate tobacco, and differed in many respects from that of the present invention. VIt had no conveyer or conveying means, formed by the screen itself or otherwise, for feeding the material lengthwise of the screen. The coarser parts of the material, after each passage between the crushing-rolls, was returned through the same path.

The invention, secondly, consists in the combination, with the breaker, ofascreen provided with means for elevating the tobacco and having its support adjustable to vary its inclination, and thus canse the tobacco to be fed through it more quickly or more slowly, as its condition of dryness or of Vmoisture may require. p

The invention, thirdly, consists in a shaker inside the screen for first receiving the tobacco raised by the elevating means with which the screen is provided and for delivering it to the breaker. The advantage of the shaker is that it delivers the tobacco, which it may receive at intervals in a body, regularly a little at a time. This part of theinvention also consists in making the inclination of this shaker adjustable, so that the tobacco will be fed from it faster or not so fast, as may be required.

The invention, fourthly, consists in the com bination, with the screen provided with means IOO for elevating the tobacco and the breaker inside of said screen, of an exterior screen of finer mesh for sifting dust or finer particles from the granulated tobacco which passes through the meshes of the said screen. The two screens are preferably attached together, so that they are rotated and adjusted by the same means.

The invention, ifthly, consists in a breaker partly within'and partly without a rotatory screen provided with elevating-means, in cornbination with a spout, and specially with a spout having a perforated bottom and acting as a sieve or screen, for delivering the broken material or the coarser part of the broken material from the projecting part of the breaker into said eonveyer-screen. The tobacco, in leaves or other suitable condition, is fed to the projecting portion of the breaker, preferably from a feed-table opposite the same.

Theinvention, siXthly, consists in the combination, with a breaker composed of a toothed roller and comb, of screening, elevating, and conveying mechanism, whereby the material broken by one portion of said roller and comb issifted and the coarser parts delivered to a successive portion, and so on progressively, the said mechanism comprising a movable screen or sieve,and movable elevating devices, and means for moving the same. This part of the invention also consists in the same combination having the breaker-roller in the form of a cone, (it is properly the frustum of a cone,) their greater distance from the axis of rotation giving agreater speed to the breaking devices on the larger part of the cone. This breakercone is combined with the conveyer or conveying mechanism in such a way that each time the tobacco is returned it is delivered to the breaker at a larger part of the cone.

Heretofore a breaker composed of a toothed roller, sometimes in the form of a cone, has been employed in connection with a co-operating comb for reducing or disintegrating various materials; but it has been customary to feed the material and to elevate it, so far as vthere is any elevation, by means of the roller itself, which has been surrounded by a stationary case, and the screening action, when any has been attempted, has been by means of a section of wire-cloth fastened in the bottom of said stationary case.

The inventiom seventhly, consists in a breaker composed of an elongated breakingroller, of conical or other form, having teeth of (at least) two different sizes at different parts of its length, and a comb having teeth of corresponding sizes arranged to pass between the roller-teeth as these rotate, and also in the combination, with such a breaker, of a eonveyer4 for receiving the tobacco after it has been aetedfupon by the larger teeth, sifting out the ner or granulated part, and delivering the coarser parts to the breaker to be acted upon by the smallerteeth. The larger teeth are designed to give a preliminary breaking and the smaller teeth to effect a .bjgranulation or reduction to the finer size of pieces desired. The tobacco is screened between the two breaking operations, in order that any fine tobacco made by the iirst breaking may not be reduced to powder or to too iinea state of division by the second.

The invention, eighthly, consists in the combination,with an elongated toothed roller and a comb co-operating therewith to break the tobacco-leaves, of a conveyer-screen provided with means for elevating the material and surrounding said roller and comb for the greater part of their length, leaving them to project at one end, a fixed table opposite the projecting ends, and a spout under said ends for delivering the material into said rotary' screen. This part of the invention also consists specially in the combination just recited, where the projecting ends of the roller and comb are provided with larger teeth than the part inside the conveyer-screen.

The invention further comprises certain particular constructions, combinations, and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter set forth.

The following is a description of the best mode to me known of applying the principle of the invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this speciication. v

Figure I is a longitudinal central vertical section of a tobaceogranulating and cleaning machine constructed in accordance with the invention; Fig. II, an end elevation partly broken away; Fig. III, a cross-section on line III, Fig. I, looking in the direction of the arrow; Fig. IV, a plan with the parts above the ICO breaker removed; and Fig. V, a cross-section on line V, Fig. I, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. VI is a perspective view of one of the large teeth preferablyemployed, and Fig. VII asimilar view of one of the small teeth. Fig. VIIIV is a sectional perspective showing a construction of the toothed roller which is specially claimed.

The roller A, of frusto-conical form, is journaled in bearings of the frame B of the machine, and is driven by a belt, l, from a counter-shaft, 2, journaled in bearings of the machine-frame and driven by a belt on pulley 3, or otherwise.

The roller A is provided with teeth of two sizes-namely, comparatively widely -spaced large and long teeth 4, for a short distance at the small end, and smaller teeth 5, set closer sets of teeth, 6 and 7, respectively, corresponding to the teeth 4t and 5 of the roller, opposite which they are placed and with which they co-operate, the revolving teeth passing between the comb-teeth and carrying the tobacco with them, so that it is broken or torn into pieces more or less fine. As shown, the large teeth 6 are secured by their shanks separately in a bar, 8, attached to and forming IIO IIS

IZO

part of the machine-frame, While the small teeth 7 are formed in the edge of a metal strip of suitable thickness, which is bolted to the upper surface of said bar 8.

The large teeth 4 are, for simplicity of illustration, shown as cylindrical pegs, and both they and the coniblteeth 6 may be of that form, but,preferably, unless the arrangement shown in Fig. VIII be adopted, the teeth of both sets are of the form shown in Fig. VI-that is to say, the operating or projecting part is of greater depth than width aud beveled or rounded on top, and the shank is of smaller cross-section.

The frame of the rotary screen or screening drum D consists, as shown, of the two end rings, 9 and 10, of unequal, size, which run each upon a pair of rollers, 11 and 12, respectively, and have iianges, whereby the screen is held from endwise motion, and of longitudinal strips 13, by which said rings are connected together. Wire-cloth 14, of such coarse mesh that the granulated tobacco will sift through it, is fastened inside of the frame and forms a frusto-conical screen or screening-drum. The frame and screen are made in two parts, fastened together by bolts 15, so that the .screen can readily be removed to give access to the parts inside. rlhe rollers 11, at the small end of the screen, are mounted on journal-pins fastened in a cross-piece of the machine-frame B, and therollers 12,at the large end, on journal-pins fixed to a carrier, 16, which can be raised and lowered to increase or diminish the inclination of the bottom of said screen D. This screen or screening-drum D thus acts also as a conveyor to feed the material lengthwise of said screen, the rapidity of the feed being regulated by the position of the screen.

The adjustment of the carrier 16 (which is guided vertically in ways of the machineframe) is effected by the lever 17, connected at the middle with the carrier 16 by an upright link, 1S, and provided at its outer end with a pin, 19, and a set-nut, 21, by which the lever may be held in the position to which it may be adjusted, the pin 19 passing through a slot, 20, in a part of the machine-frame. The screen D is revolved by means of the chain 22, engaging the ring9,and the sprocket wheel 23 on the shaft 2.

In order vthat the screen D may lift the tobacco which is too coarse to pass through its meshes,apocketis formed on the inside thereof by means of a iiap, 24, carried by a shaft, 25,

i which is journaled at the endsin ears fastened to the frame of the screen. rllhe iiap 24 is normally kept about parallel with the screen, or in the position to catch and retain the tobacco, by the spiral tension-spring 26 and the stop 27. The Shaft is turned to discharge the contents of the pocket by means of a tripper, 28, attached to the carrier 16. An arm, 29, on the shaft 25 strikes said tripper as the V pocket passes over the breaker AG, and turns the iiap 24 down, so as to let the tobacco fall. It is preferred to use a pocket which can be upset or otherwise made to discharge its contents by means of a tripper; but other means for carrying up and discharging the tobacco could of course be used instead.

The number of pockets inside the screen need not be limited to one; but the less the number the better the screening action.

The tobacco discharged from the pocket is first received by the shaker E, which extends lengthwise of the eonveyer-sereen D, between it and the breaker AG, and slides on the arms 30. These arms 30 are pivoted to the machineframe so that they can be adjusted at differ ent angles and the inclination of the shaker be so regulated thereby that the tobacco will slide off of said shaker more or less fast, as may be desired. As shown, the arms 30 are retained in position by friction. The shaker E is moved in one direction by the rock-shaft 3l, having arms 32, which are connected by wire cords or chains 33 with the shaker, and in the other by spiral tension-springs 34. Of course other convenient means could be used to reciprocate the shaker. An eccentric, 35, acting through the eccentric rod 36 upon an arm, 37, of the rockshaft 31, vibrates the latter. The eccentric is fast on a short shaft, 38,

journaled in bearings of the niaehine-frame,

and receiving its motion from the shaft 2 through the belt 39. rlhe boards 40, opposite the lower edge of the shaker E, guide the tobacco to the breaker AC.

The screen D incloses the breaker AC for the greater part of its length, leaving the end which is provided with the large teeth projecting beyond it. vThe feed-table F, having its upper surface flush or nearly iiush with the upper edges of teeth 4,is opposite this part ofthe breaker. There is an upright strip, 41, to guide the tobacco lo the breaker. The to baceo is fed under the bar 42. Beneath the projecting end of the breaker AC there is a spout or shaker, G. It is scoop-shaped and has two bottoms, 43 and 44, the inner, 43, made of wire-cloth or perforated material,and the outer, 44, imperforate. The holes in the inner bottom, 43, are the same in sizeas those in the screen D. lheinnerbottom has animperforate extension, which enters the small end of eonveyer-screen D, so that the coarse tobacco may be by it returned to the breaker.

'The outer bottom delivers the finer tobacco into the upper end of a conduit, 45, which conducts it into the receiver for the other granulated tobacco7 as hereinafter explained.

The spout G is mounted upon two upright rods, 46, pivoted at their lower ends to apart ot' the machine-frame. It is vibrated by the rockshaft 3l, acting through a wire-eord or like connection, 47, which is fastened at one end to the spout G, runs over the pulley 48, and is fastened at the other end lo an arm, 49, ot' the rock-shaft 31.. A spiral tension-spring, 50, returns the spout when the cord 47 is slackened by the roek-shaft 31.

In order to sift the dust out of the granulated tobacco which passes through the meshes IIC of screen D, the said screen is surrounded for the greater part of its length by a screen, H, of fine mesh. Like the screen D, to which it is attached, it is made in two parts bolted together. As shown, the wire-cloth 5l, of which it is composed, is fastened to the ring 9, and also to the longitudinal strips 52 and to the half-hoops 53. These givestiffness to the wirecloth, so that it stands out from the screen D, leaving a free space between for the tobacco. Under the screen is a spout, 54, fastened to the machine-frame B, and serving to convey the dust and fine particles into a receptacle, which may be placed below it. The gramilated tobacco from the screen H is delivered, Ithrough a spout. 55, into a double reciprocating screen, I. This screen has the uppersieve or wire-cloth, 56, of coarse mesh, inclined toward one side (the left side, as shown in Figs. II and III) of the machine,and thelower sieve, 57, or wire-cloth, of fine mesh, inclined toward the opposite side. The upper sieve catches nails and stems and other like bodies which may have passed through the meshes of. the screen D. y

The lower sieve gives another cleaning to the granulated tobacco, and allows the dust to pass through into a receptacle below. The conduit 45 delivers the granulated tobacco from spout G into the screen I. Thelowerend of the conduit 45 is supported by said screen I, so that it is shaken'by the reciprocation of the same. rlhe screen I is itself supported by flexible or jointed rods 58, and is reciprocated by an eccentric-pin, 59, in the end of shaft 38 through a connecting-rod, 60. As shown, the outer end of this connecting-rod is forked, so as to embrace the screen. The granulated tobacco passes off the sieve 57 into the pipe 61, where it is subjected to a blast of air from the fan K, so graduated that it will carry off the light leaf-tobacco, but not the stems, nails, and other heavy substances. In the bottom of the pipe 6l is an opening, 62, by which theheavy substances escape. rlhe tailings from the screen D are delivered by the spout 63 into a hopper, 64, whence they pass into the pipe 65, where they meet the graduated blast from the fan L. The leafy particles present are blown away through the pipe, while the stems and heavy particles pass out by gravity through the opening 66.

The casings of fans K and L are fixed to the machine-frame, and the rotary portions or fans proper lare mounted upon the shaft 67, which is driven by belt 68 from the journal of roller A. The force of the blast is determined by the speed of revolution,which is regulated by the use of proper belting or other gearing.

In Fig. VIlI the body of the roller A(of which only a small part is shown) is provided with grooves of a dovetail form, (although they may be of other suitable fornn) and the teeth 69 are secured to said roller by means of bars 70, fastened in said grooves. The teeth 69 are enlarged at the base, and arev set in notches 71 in the edges of the bar, in which notches they are confined by the walls of the grooves in the roller A. The roller A and the bars 70, as well as the teeth 69, are or may be of steel or other suitable metal, the construction shown being specially adapted for metals; but any suitable material may be used. For a wooden roller the construction shown in Figs. I to VIII is preferred as the best. The large or the small breaker-teeth, or both, may be secured to the roller or to a comb-bar in the manner shown in Fig. VIII. Ordinarily the roller-teeth only would thus be secured, the comb C being as shown in the other figures.

The operation is as follows: The tobacco placed on the feed-table F is pushed under the bar 42 against the roller A, which is kept revolving` in the direction of the arrow at a convenient speed. The large teeth 4 catch the tobacco, and, by forcing it between the large teeth 6 of comb C, break it into smaller pieces, which fall upon the reciprocating spout G. The pieces small enough to pass through the holes in the inner bottom, 43, sift out from the rest, and falling upon the outer bottom, 44, are by it delivered into the conduit 45, and by it into the reciprocating screen I. The larger pieces pass off the spout G into the rotary screen D,which is kept revolving in the direction of the arrow at a comparatively slow speed. As the tobacco is caught in the pocket formed by the ilap 24 it is carried up thereby, and when the flap is turned down by the tripper 2S it falls upon the shaker E. vThis in turn feeds it at the desired speed (which is regulated by the inclination of said shaker `to the breaker AG. It is now broken or reduced by the

small teeth

5 and 7 near the small end of the roller A and falls upon the screen D. The fine particles pass through the meshes of the screen D, and are received upon the screen H, which revolves with the conveyer-screen. The particles retained by the screen D are caught in the pocket, raised, and dumped upon the shaker E. As the screen D acts also the part of a longitudinal conveyer, the coarser particles are acted upon by teeth nearer the larger end of the roller A, and therefore have a more energetic action in consequence of the roller-teeth 5 having a higher velocity. vAs the tobacco descends toward the large end of the conveyer-screen D, the tine or granulated tobacco is sifted out and the coarse tobacco is returned to the breaker AC. The dust is sfted out of the fine tobacco, which, when it escapes from the screen H, falls into the reciprocating screen I. The time the tobacco takes to pass through the rotary screens D H, and consequently the number of times it is returned to the breakers AG, is regulated by raising or lowering the carrier 16, which supports the large end of said screens. The fine tobacco is further cleaned by the sifting action of the reciprocating screen I and of the winnowing action of the fan K. The tailings from the conveyer are winnowed by the fan L.

In the foregoing particular description many details havebeen given, not because they are IOC tof

in themselves of importance, but for the better understanding of how the invention is or may be carried into effect. It will be understood, therefore, that the invention is not limited to these details, but that modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Parts, also, of the invention may be used separately. For example, the part or drum D is provided with means for elevating the material as well as with a perforated periphery for screening the same. It is evident that it need not be a screen in order to elevate and deliver material to the breaker. Certain combinations, including a drum provided with elevating means, are believed to be new, whether it does or does not form a screen, and therefore, while a screen provided with means4 for elevating` the material is spe cially claimed, all the claims are not limited thereto, and some of the claims are not limited to a conveyer of any particular description.

I claim as my invention or discovery the following parts, improvements, and combinations, to wit: Y

l. A tobaeco-grannlating machine comprising a rotary screen and conveyer, whereby the broken tobacco is sifted and is fed longitudinally 0f said screen, and means with which said screen is provided between its ends for elevating the tobacco during its progress through the screen, which latter has the inlet for the tobacco to be granulated at one end and an outlet for tailings at the other, in combination with the breaker for granulating the tobacco leaves or stems, supported inside of said screen and arranged to receive the clevated material, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a tobaccobreaker, of the screening, elevating, and conveying mechanism, whereby the tobacco is carried progressively lengthwise of said breaker and in its progress is repeatedly sifted and delivered to said breaker, said mechanism coinprising a rotary screen having the inlet for the tobacco to be broken at one end and an outlet for tailings at the other end, and provided between the ends with means for elevating the tobacco during its progress through the screen, said breaker being arranged inside of said screen, substantially as described.

3. The rotary screen provided with means for elevating the tobacco and having its lower surface inclined, so as to form also a con veyer for feeding the material lengthwise of said screen, and supports for said elevator-screen adjustable to vary its inclination, in combina` tion with a tobacco-breaker supported inside said elevatorscreen and receiving the material elevated thereby, substantially as described.

4. The rotary screen providedwith means for elevating the tobacco, the same being of frusto-conical form. and having the inlet for the tobacco at the small and the outlet for tailings at the large end thereof, in combination with a tobacco-breaker supported inside of said screen and receiving the elevated mate` said breaker, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a rotary screen provided with means for elevating the tobacco and atobacco-breaker arranged inside the said screen, of ashaker arranged between the upper part of said screen and the said breaker, and adjustable to vary its inclination, and thus regulate the feed to said breaker, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a tobaccobreaker and a shaker, of a rotary screen and conveyer, whereby the broken tobacco is sifted, and also is fed lengthwise of the said screen, and means with which said screen is provided for elevating the tobacco, said breaker and shaker being both inside said screen and the shaker above the breaker, so that it iirst receives the elevated material, and then delivers the same more uniformly to said breaker, substantially as described.

8. The combination,with atobacco-breaker, of a rotary conveying-screen provided with means for elevating the tobacco and surrounding said breaker, supports for said screen adjustable to vary its inclination and thereby regulate the feed lengthwise of said screen,- and a shaker between the upper part of said screen and said breaker, said shaker being adjustable to vary its inclination and thereby regulate the feed of the elevated material to said breaker, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with a tobacco-breaker, of a rotary screen provided with means for elevating the tobacco and surrounding said breaker and a rotary screen of finer mesh surrounding the rst-named screen, substantially as described.

l0. The combination,with a tobacco-breaker and the screening, elevating, and conveying mechanism, whereby the tobacco is fed progressively lengthwise of said breaker and in `its progress is repeatedly sifted and delivered to said breaker, said mechanism comprising a rotary screen provided with means for elevating the tobacco, and said breaker being arrangedinside said screen, of an exterior rotary screen of finer mesh surrounding the iirstnamed screen, and serving to separate the dust from the granulated tobacco which passes through the meshes of the inner screen,` substantially as described.

11. `The combination of the screen of frustoconical form, provided with means for elevating the material, the outer screen of similar form, the means whereby said screens are sup-` ported and revolved and their inclination adj usted, the breaker inside said screen, the shaker inside said screen above the breaker,

IOO

IOS

IIO

the means whereby the said breaker and the said shaker, respectively, are operated, and the means whereby the inclination of said shaker is adjusted, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with the breaker, of a rotary screen provided with means for elevating the material and surrounding part of said breaker, leavinga part projecting, and a spout arranged under the said projecting part and delivering the broken material into the said screen to be delivered to the said inclosed part, substantially as described.

13. The combination, with the breaker and the rotary screen, provided with means for elevating the broken material, surrounding part of said breaker, leaving part projecting, of a feed-table opposite the said projecting part and a spout arranged under the same and delivering the broken material into said screen to be delivered to said inclosed part, substantially as described.

14. The combination, with the breaker and the rotary screen provided with means for elevating the broken material and surrounding part of said breaker, leaving part projecting, of a spout under the projecting part provided with a perforated bottom, whereby the finer portions of the broken material are sifted out, said bottomV delivering the coarser portions into said screen, substantially as described.

15. The combination,with the tobacco-breaker, of a rotary .drum provided with means for elevating the broken tobacco and surrounding part of said breaker, leaving part projecting, and a spout arranged under said projecting part and delivering the broken material therefrom into said drum, which in turn delivers it tothe inclosed part of the breaker, substantially as described.

16. The eo.mbination,with the tobacco-breaker, of a rotary drum provided with means for elevating the broken tobacco and surrounding part of said breaker, leaving part projecting, and a spout under the said projecting part provided with a perforated bottom, whereby the finer portions of the broken material are sifted out, the said bottom delivering the f coarser portions into said drum, substantially as described.

17. The combination, with the breaker-Keomposed of the toothed roller and comb, of the screening, elevating, and conveying mechanism, whereby the material broken by one portion of said roller and comb is siftcd and the coarser parts delivered to a successive portion, and so on progressively, the said mechanism comprising the movable screen and movable elevating devices, and the means for moving" the same, substantially as described.

18. The combination, with the breaker composed oi' atoothed cone and co-operating comb, of the screening, elevating, and conveying devices, whereby the material broken by the teeth at the small end or the cone is sifted and Athe coarser parts delivered to the teeth vat the larger part of said..` cone, and the mechanism for moving said screening, elevating, and conveying devices, substantially as described.

19. The combination, with the toothed roller having teeth of different sizes and the co-operating comb having larger teeth opposite the larger teeth on said roller, of the screening, elevating, and conveying devices, whereby the material broken by said larger teeth is sifted and the coarser portions delivered tothe finer teeth, and themeans for moving said screening, elevating, and conveying devices, substantially asdescribed.

20. The combination, with the toothed cone having larger teeth at the small end of the cone and a cooperating comb having larger teeth opposite the larger teeth on said cone, of screening, elevating, and conveying devices, whereby the material broken by the larger teeth is fed lengthwise of said cone, beginning with the small end thereof, and in its progress is repeatedly sifted and delivered to a new part of said conc, and the means for moving said screening, elevating, and conveying devices, substantially as described.

21. The combination, with the rotary screen provided with means for elevating the material, of a breaker consisting of a toothed roller and a co-opcrating comb supported inside of said screen, substantially as described.

22.l The combination, with the breaker composed of the rotary toothed cone and the cooperating comb, of a rotary screen provided with means for elevating the broken material and surrounding said breaker, and having an inlet for the introduction of the material at the small end of the cone and an outlet for the tailings at the large end thereof, substantially as described.

23. rlhe combination, with an elongated toothed roller and a co-operating comb, of a rotatory screen provided with means for elevating the material and surrounding the said roller and comb for the greater part of their length, a feed-table opposite the projecting ends of said roller and comb, and a spout under said ends arranged to deliver the broken materialinto said screen, substantially as described.

21. The combination, with a rotatory screen provided with means for elevating the material, of an elongated toothed roller surrounded by said screen for the greater part of its length and provided with larger teeth on the projecting end, a co-operating comb, a feed-table, and a spout under the projecting ends of said roller and comb, said spout being arranged to deliver the material into said screen, substantially as described. Y

25. The combination of the breakercone having teeth of different sizes, the co-operating comb, the feed-table, the spout, the adjustable rotatory screen provided with means for elevating the material, and the shaker inside said screen, said parts being relatively arranged and operating substantially as described.

26. The combination, with the breaker and IOO IIO

one or more rotatory screens around said breaker, of one or more pipes receiving the material from said screens and provided with openings for the escape of the heavy particles and one or more fans delivering their blast into said pipes, substantially as described.

27. The combination, with a tobacco`breaker, of two rotary screens surrounding said breaker and having the meshes of diierent sizes, the screen of larger mesh receiving the broken tobacco from said breaker and the screen of smaller mesh receiving the granulated tobacco which passes through the screen of larger mesh, the fans or Winnowers which act separately upon the tailings from the screen of larger mesh and upon the granulated tobacco from the screen of smaller mesh, and separate pipes or conduits for carrying off, re spectively, the granulated tobacco and the leafy parts of the tailings, substantially as described.

28. The combination, with the tobacco breaker, of the two rotary screens of different size of mesh, the screen of larger mesh surrounding the breaker and receiving the broken tobacco therefrom, and being itself surrounded by the screen of smaller mesh, which receives the granulated tobacco which passes through the screen of larger mesh, and the reciproca` tory screen receiving the granulated tobacco which collects on said screen of smaller mesh, substantially as described.

29. Arotatory screen having a pocket with a movable part or flap, in combination with a tripper for discharging the contents of said l pocket as the screen revolves, substantially as described.

80. The combinatiomwith the breaker and the rotatory screen surrounding said breaker and provided inside with a pocket having a movable part or flap, of a tripper for dischargingthe contents of said pocket When it is above the breaker, substantially as described.'

31. The herein-described machine for granulating and cleaning tobacco, comprising, in combination, a feed-table, a breaker-cone with large and small teeth, a cooperating comb with corresponding teeth, a spout under the said cone at the small end thereof, a screen provided with means for elevating the tobacco and surrounding the said cone and comb for the greater part of their length, a shaker inside said screen above said cone and comb, a screen of fine mesh outside said screen, the reciprocatory screen, and one or more fans or u