US3583921A - Aerosol shaving creams pressurized with mixtures of water-soluble and water-insoluble halogenated hydrocarbon propellants - Google Patents

Aerosol shaving creams pressurized with mixtures of water-soluble and water-insoluble halogenated hydrocarbon propellants Download PDF

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US3583921A
US3583921A US619595A US3583921DA US3583921A US 3583921 A US3583921 A US 3583921A US 619595 A US619595 A US 619595A US 3583921D A US3583921D A US 3583921DA US 3583921 A US3583921 A US 3583921A
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water
propellant
soluble
propellants
halogenated hydrocarbon
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Denis J Healy
James W Jenkins
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Colgate Palmolive Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K8/046—Aerosols; Foams
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q9/00—Preparations for removing hair or for aiding hair removal
    • A61Q9/02—Shaving preparations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0043—For use with aerosol devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
    • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q5/00—Preparations for care of the hair
    • A61Q5/02—Preparations for cleaning the hair

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to propellant mixtures for discharging aerosol lather from a container and, more particularly, to mixtures of relatively water-soluble and relatively water-insoluble propellants useful for discharging aerosol foam or lather from a suitable container and to a package comprising a pressure tight container and a composition consisting essentially of a liquid mixture of aqueous soap solution and volatile propellant in the liquid phase.
  • the propellant for producing a lather must have a solubility in Water such that less than about 32 cubic centimeters of the propellant gas will dissolve in 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure and about 25 C. (77 F.). In fact, it
  • the best propellants for producing a lather are those propellants having a solubility in water less than about 10 cubic centimeters of the propellant gas in 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure and about 25 C. (77 F.).
  • the propellant should produce little or no burning sensation on the skin and for this reason the least soluble propellants are most desirable.
  • the water-soluble propellants of the present invention preferably have solubilities of the order of at least 50 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 25 C. (77 F.
  • the water-insoluble propellants of the present invention have solubilities of the order of 32 cubic centimeters or less per 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 25 C. (77 F.).
  • the propellant or mixture of propellants meet the current Interstate Commerce Commission regulations that the vapor pressure of the pressurized product not exceed 150 p.s.i.a. at 130 P.
  • the vapor pressure of Patented June 8, 1971 the propellant at ambient temperatures (65 to F.) must be greater than 15 p.s.i.a. and for shaving lathers, for example, in the range of about 50 to 60 p.s.i.g., i.e., 65 to 70 p.s.i.a.
  • the propellants of the present invention are mixtures of at least one halogenated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon having a solubility of at least 50 cubic centimeters per grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 77 F. and at least one halogenated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon having a solubility of less than 32 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 77 F.
  • the propellant mixtures of the present invention have a vapor pressure at P. not exceeding pounds per square inch gauge and a vapor pressure of at least 20 pounds per square inch gauge but not exceeding about 60 pounds per square inch gauge (75 p.s.i.a.).
  • the foam is produced without sputtering and is stable for a finite time dependent upon the purpose for which it is produced.
  • the propellant is a blend of water-insoluble and watersoluble, as defined hereinbefore, liquefied normally gaseous low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbon propellants, such as halogenated ethane, methane, and mixtures thereof.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons known to the art as the Freons and Genetrons and the like have been found to be particularly suitable when mixed to produce a blend having the characteristics set forth hereinafter.
  • Specific examples of such individual propellants are dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114), monochlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22), and trichloromonofluoromethane (Freon 11).
  • the mixture of propellants when used to produce a foam suitable for shaving, for shampooing and for washing the human skin does not produce a burning or tingling sensation on the human skin.
  • halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having no more than two carbon atoms which are relatively soluble in Water are the following:
  • halogenated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons which are relatively insoluble in water are the following:
  • Difluoromonochloromethane and trifluoroethylchloride have solubilities in great excess of 32 cc./100 grams of water. Each of them when used alone as propellant for lather yields a wet unsatisfactory lather.
  • Perfluorocyclobutane or octafluoro-cyclobutane while it has a solubility of only 0.5 cc./100 grams of water, i.e., has a solubility less than cc./100 grams of water, is insoluble in aqueous soap solution and will not produce a satisfactory lather.
  • propellants are illustrative of those propellants, which when used alone are inoperative, but when combined provide a satisfactory lather. Satisfactory lathers can be produced employing a mixture of watersoluble (as defined hereinbefore) and water-insoluble (as defined hereinbefore) propellants comprising the waterinsoluble propellant octafluorocyclobutane and the watersoluble propellants difluoromonochloromethane and trifluoroethylchloride preferably in the proportions set forth hereinafter.
  • propellant blend which (1) has a vapor pressure at 130 F. not exceeding 150 pounds per square inch absolute; (2) has a vapor pressure in the range of about 60 to about 80 pounds per square inch absolute at 77 F.; (3) produces a foam (A) without substantial sputtering, (B) which is not too wet, and (C) does not impart a substantial burning or stinging sensation to the face when applied; and, (4) is a mixture of (A) at least one relatively water-soluble liquefied normally gaseous low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbon propellant having a solubility of at least 50 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water at 77 F.
  • water-insoluble propellant or propellants and the water-insoluble propellant or propellants are mixed in the proportions set forth hereinafter.
  • the propellant mixture comprises generally watersoluble (as defined hereinbefore) propellant or propellants about 5 to about by weight and water-insoluble (as defined hereinbefore) propellant or propellants about to about 20% by weight.
  • Illustrative of a satisfactory charge to an aerosol container is a six-ounce can filled with 177 grams of formulation A and pressured with 12 grams of propellant blend I.
  • Illustrative of another satisfactory charge to an aerosol container is a six-ounce can filled with grams of formulation B and pressured with 12 grams of propellant blend II.
  • the aerosol container is charged with lather ingredients containing about eight to about sixteen percent of soap.
  • the propellant blend is about six to about fifteen percent of the lather ingredients.
  • Illustrative of packaged aerosol lather compositions is one having the following formulation:
  • aqueous soap solution is 85 percent of the package contents containing about 8.5 percent of soap and that the propellant is about 15 percent of the packaged composition.
  • a package consisting essentially of a pressure-tight container having a valve-controlled opening and a contained pressurized composition for use in producing a stable lather consisting essentially of a liquid mixture of about 85 to about 94% of an aqueous soap solution containing sodium and potassium soaps of stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids in water and about 15 to about 6% of a volatile halogenated hydrocarbon propellant in the liquid phase, the composition being confined in said container under the vapor pressure of the propellant when a valve of the valve-controlled opening is closed, said aqueous soap solution containing about 8 to about 16% by weight of the above described soaps and said propellant being a blend of halogenated hydrocarbon propellants having a vapor pressure at 130 P.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

PRESSURIZED SHAVING CREAMS ARE MADE FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SOAPS OF STEARIC ACID AND COCONUT OIL FATTY ACIDS, AND A MIXTURE OF WATER-SOLUBLE AND WATER-INSOLUBLE HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON PROPELLANTS. IN THE PARTICULAR PRODUCTS OF THE INVENTION, THE SHAVING CREAM MADE DOES NOT SPUTTER OR BURN OR STING THE FACE ON USE, ALTHOUGH SIMILAR SHAVING CREAMS MADE WITH ONLY THE WATER-SOLUBLE HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON PROPELLANTS DO GIVE SUCH UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS.

Description

United States Patent F AEROSOL SHAVING CREAMS PRESSURIZED WITH MIXTURES 0F WATER-SOLUBLE AND WATER- INSOLUBLE HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON PROPELLANTS Denis J. Healy, Morris Plains, and James W. Jenkins, Basking Ridge, N.J., assignors t0 Colgate-Palmolive Company, New York, N.Y. N0 Drawing. Filed Mar. 1, 1967, Ser. No. 619,595
Int. Cl. Clld 17/04 US. Cl. 252-90 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The present invention relates to propellant mixtures for discharging aerosol lather from a container and, more particularly, to mixtures of relatively water-soluble and relatively water-insoluble propellants useful for discharging aerosol foam or lather from a suitable container and to a package comprising a pressure tight container and a composition consisting essentially of a liquid mixture of aqueous soap solution and volatile propellant in the liquid phase.
It has been recommended that the propellant for producing a lather must have a solubility in Water such that less than about 32 cubic centimeters of the propellant gas will dissolve in 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure and about 25 C. (77 F.). In fact, it
has been clearly stated that the best propellants for producing a lather are those propellants having a solubility in water less than about 10 cubic centimeters of the propellant gas in 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure and about 25 C. (77 F.).
For lathers to be applied to the face it is also recognized that the propellant should produce little or no burning sensation on the skin and for this reason the least soluble propellants are most desirable.
It has now been found that, while the art has been taught that the most desirable propellants for lather forming compositions are the substantially water-insoluble chlorine and fluorine substituted hydrocarbons, highly satisfactory propellants are combinations of propellants which individually are unsuitable for the purpose. The water-soluble propellants of the present invention preferably have solubilities of the order of at least 50 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 25 C. (77 F. The water-insoluble propellants of the present invention have solubilities of the order of 32 cubic centimeters or less per 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 25 C. (77 F.).
In addition to the characteristics to which reference is made hereinbefore, it is also necessary that the propellant or mixture of propellants meet the current Interstate Commerce Commission regulations that the vapor pressure of the pressurized product not exceed 150 p.s.i.a. at 130 P. On the other hand, the vapor pressure of Patented June 8, 1971 the propellant at ambient temperatures (65 to F.) must be greater than 15 p.s.i.a. and for shaving lathers, for example, in the range of about 50 to 60 p.s.i.g., i.e., 65 to 70 p.s.i.a. Accordingly, the propellants of the present invention are mixtures of at least one halogenated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon having a solubility of at least 50 cubic centimeters per grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 77 F. and at least one halogenated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon having a solubility of less than 32 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at a temperature of about 77 F. The propellant mixtures of the present invention have a vapor pressure at P. not exceeding pounds per square inch gauge and a vapor pressure of at least 20 pounds per square inch gauge but not exceeding about 60 pounds per square inch gauge (75 p.s.i.a.). The foam is produced without sputtering and is stable for a finite time dependent upon the purpose for which it is produced.
The propellant is a blend of water-insoluble and watersoluble, as defined hereinbefore, liquefied normally gaseous low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbon propellants, such as halogenated ethane, methane, and mixtures thereof. The halogenated hydrocarbons known to the art as the Freons and Genetrons and the like have been found to be particularly suitable when mixed to produce a blend having the characteristics set forth hereinafter. Specific examples of such individual propellants are dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (Freon 114), monochlorodifluoromethane (Freon 22), and trichloromonofluoromethane (Freon 11).
The mixture of propellants when used to produce a foam suitable for shaving, for shampooing and for washing the human skin does not produce a burning or tingling sensation on the human skin.
It is to be observed that the art has recognized the existence of two classes of propellants, to wit: those having vapor pressures greater than about 40* p.s.i.g. at room temperature (high pressure) and those having vapor pressures less than 40 p.s.i.g. at room temperature. Such a low pressure propellant has been available for some time as a mixture of trichlorofluoromethane (CCl F) and dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl F A more recently described loW pressure propellant is one comprising 1,1-difluorochloroethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, and trichlorofluoromethane.
The use of octafluorocyclobutane in conjunction with isobutane has been described, however, both isobutane and octafluorocyclobutane are relatively insoluble. The solubility of the completely fluorinated cyclobutane is about 0.5 cubic centimeter per 100 grams of water at one atmosphere absolute pressure at 26 C. (78.8 F.).
Illustrative of the halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons having no more than two carbon atoms which are relatively soluble in Water are the following:
A isomer.
Illustrative of halogenated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons which are relatively insoluble in water are the following:
Difluoromonochloromethane and trifluoroethylchloride have solubilities in great excess of 32 cc./100 grams of water. Each of them when used alone as propellant for lather yields a wet unsatisfactory lather. Perfluorocyclobutane or octafluoro-cyclobutane while it has a solubility of only 0.5 cc./100 grams of water, i.e., has a solubility less than cc./100 grams of water, is insoluble in aqueous soap solution and will not produce a satisfactory lather. However, these propellants are illustrative of those propellants, which when used alone are inoperative, but when combined provide a satisfactory lather. Satisfactory lathers can be produced employing a mixture of watersoluble (as defined hereinbefore) and water-insoluble (as defined hereinbefore) propellants comprising the waterinsoluble propellant octafluorocyclobutane and the watersoluble propellants difluoromonochloromethane and trifluoroethylchloride preferably in the proportions set forth hereinafter.
Soluble in water Percent by weight Constituent:
CHCIF2 Soluble 40 CHQCICFQ ..do 20 60 C4F Insoluble 1 40 40 1 As defined hereinbciore.
Percent by Soluble in water weight Constituent:
CH ClCFg. Soluble 30 C3F1H Insoluble 70 As defined hereinbefore,
While specific preferred ranges of propellant compositions have been described hereinbefore, the ranges of each component can be varied widely to produce a propellant blend which (1) has a vapor pressure at 130 F. not exceeding 150 pounds per square inch absolute; (2) has a vapor pressure in the range of about 60 to about 80 pounds per square inch absolute at 77 F.; (3) produces a foam (A) without substantial sputtering, (B) which is not too wet, and (C) does not impart a substantial burning or stinging sensation to the face when applied; and, (4) is a mixture of (A) at least one relatively water-soluble liquefied normally gaseous low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbon propellant having a solubility of at least 50 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water at 77 F. at one atmosphere absolute pressure and being inoperative as the sole propellant to produce satisfactory lathers and (B) at least one relatively water-insoluble propellant having a solubility not exceeding about 32 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water at 77 F. at one atmosphere absolute pressure, and being inoperative as the sole propellant to produce satisfactory lather and being selected from the group consisting of liquefied normally gaseous low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbon propellants. In
general, the water-insoluble propellant or propellants and the water-insoluble propellant or propellants are mixed in the proportions set forth hereinafter.
Soluble in water Percent by weight Constituent:
CHzClCF3 Soluble 6-50 CHClFz... -do. 20-50 50-80 A5 defined hereinbefore.
Thus, the propellant mixture comprises generally watersoluble (as defined hereinbefore) propellant or propellants about 5 to about by weight and water-insoluble (as defined hereinbefore) propellant or propellants about to about 20% by weight.
Illustrative of shaving cream compositions producing satisfactory lathers when dispensed from an aerosol container employing as propellant a blend of propellants described hereinbefore are the following:
1 Sodium and potassium soaps of fatty acids having the following composltionsz Stearic Coco fatty acid acid
Fatty acid constituent:
S ri
Illustrative of a satisfactory charge to an aerosol container is a six-ounce can filled with 177 grams of formulation A and pressured with 12 grams of propellant blend I. Illustrative of another satisfactory charge to an aerosol container is a six-ounce can filled with grams of formulation B and pressured with 12 grams of propellant blend II.
In general, the aerosol container is charged with lather ingredients containing about eight to about sixteen percent of soap. The propellant blend is about six to about fifteen percent of the lather ingredients. Illustrative of packaged aerosol lather compositions is one having the following formulation:
It will be observed that the aqueous soap solution is 85 percent of the package contents containing about 8.5 percent of soap and that the propellant is about 15 percent of the packaged composition.
What is claimed is:
1. A package consisting essentially of a pressure-tight container having a valve-controlled opening and a contained pressurized composition for use in producing a stable lather consisting essentially of a liquid mixture of about 85 to about 94% of an aqueous soap solution containing sodium and potassium soaps of stearic acid and coconut oil fatty acids in water and about 15 to about 6% of a volatile halogenated hydrocarbon propellant in the liquid phase, the composition being confined in said container under the vapor pressure of the propellant when a valve of the valve-controlled opening is closed, said aqueous soap solution containing about 8 to about 16% by weight of the above described soaps and said propellant being a blend of halogenated hydrocarbon propellants having a vapor pressure at 130 P. not exceeding about 150 pounds per square inch absolute, having a vapor pressure in the range of about 60 to 80 pounds per square inch absolute at 77 F., producing a foam without substantial sputtering, which is not wet and does not impart a substantial burning or stinging sensation to the face when dispensed lather contacts the face, and be ing a mixture of (A) about 5 to about 80% of at least one relatively water-soluble liquefied normally gaseous low molecular weight halogenated hydrocarbon propellant having a solubility at 77 F. of at least 50 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water, being inoperative as the sole propellant to produce satisfactory lather and being selected from the group consisting of CHCI F, CHCIF CHCI CHF CHF CH and CF CH Cl, and (B) about 95 to about 20% of at least one relatively water-insoluble propellant having a solubility at 77 F. not exceeding about 32 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of water, being inoperative as the sole propellant to produce satisfactory lather and being selected from the group consisting Of CCIZFZ, CHsCClFz, C3I'IP7 and C4F3.
2. A package according to claim 1 wherein the relatively water-soluble propellant is a mixture of CHCIF and CF CH CI and the relatively water-insoluble propellant is C F 3. A package according to claim 1 wherein the rela- Percent by weight Sodium and potassium stearates 8.5 Sodium and potassium cocates 1.5' Lauric-myristic diethanolamide 1.6 Glycerine 2.7 Isopropyl myristate 1.0 Perfume and water Balance to make 100 percent and wherein the propellant blend comprises about 30% by weight of trifluoroethyl chloride and about by weight of heptafiuoropropane.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,529,092 11/1950 Lodes 252305 2,655,480 10/1953 Spitzer et a1. 252 2,742,321 4/1956 Mina et al. 252305 2,849,323 8/1958 Young 252305 3,370,014 2/1968 Reich et al 25290 OTHER REFERENCES Lovelace et al., Aliphatic Fluorine Compounds, Reinhold Publ. Co. (1958), pp. 54, 58, 59, 60.
LEON D. ROSDOL, Primary Examiner W. E. SCHULZ, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
US619595A 1967-03-01 1967-03-01 Aerosol shaving creams pressurized with mixtures of water-soluble and water-insoluble halogenated hydrocarbon propellants Expired - Lifetime US3583921A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884828A (en) * 1970-10-15 1975-05-20 Dow Corning Propellants and refrigerants based on trifluoropropene
US4055054A (en) * 1976-12-21 1977-10-25 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of dichloromonofluoromethane and 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
US4057974A (en) * 1976-12-21 1977-11-15 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and octafluorocyclobutane
US4057973A (en) * 1976-12-21 1977-11-15 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 2-chloroheptafluoropropane
US4101436A (en) * 1976-12-21 1978-07-18 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and hydrocarbons
FR2375313A1 (en) * 1976-12-21 1978-07-21 Allied Chem MIXTURES WITH A CONSTANT BOILING POINT OF 1-CHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE AND OF HYDROCARBONS AND HALOHYDROCARBONS
US4164471A (en) * 1975-08-06 1979-08-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Constant boiling admixtures
US4174295A (en) * 1976-08-13 1979-11-13 Montedison S.P.A. Aerosol propellant compositions
US4177332A (en) * 1977-08-27 1979-12-04 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane as blowing agent for polyurethane foam
US4310433A (en) * 1980-09-02 1982-01-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Superfatted liquid soap skin cleansing compositions
EP0101856A1 (en) * 1982-07-14 1984-03-07 Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Working fluids for Rankine cycle
US4926650A (en) * 1988-05-18 1990-05-22 Pennwalt Corporation Refrigerant fluid and method of use
EP0398147A3 (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-03-20 THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY (a Delaware corporation) A foaming system for rigid urethane and isoyanurate foams
US5620631A (en) * 1989-02-24 1997-04-15 Solvay (Societe Ananyme) Pressurized-gas pack and propellant for aerosols

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3884828A (en) * 1970-10-15 1975-05-20 Dow Corning Propellants and refrigerants based on trifluoropropene
US4164471A (en) * 1975-08-06 1979-08-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Constant boiling admixtures
US4174295A (en) * 1976-08-13 1979-11-13 Montedison S.P.A. Aerosol propellant compositions
US4057973A (en) * 1976-12-21 1977-11-15 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 2-chloroheptafluoropropane
US4101436A (en) * 1976-12-21 1978-07-18 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and hydrocarbons
FR2375313A1 (en) * 1976-12-21 1978-07-21 Allied Chem MIXTURES WITH A CONSTANT BOILING POINT OF 1-CHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE AND OF HYDROCARBONS AND HALOHYDROCARBONS
US4057974A (en) * 1976-12-21 1977-11-15 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and octafluorocyclobutane
US4055054A (en) * 1976-12-21 1977-10-25 Allied Chemical Corporation Constant boiling mixtures of dichloromonofluoromethane and 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
US4177332A (en) * 1977-08-27 1979-12-04 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane as blowing agent for polyurethane foam
US4310433A (en) * 1980-09-02 1982-01-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Superfatted liquid soap skin cleansing compositions
EP0101856A1 (en) * 1982-07-14 1984-03-07 Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd. Working fluids for Rankine cycle
US4926650A (en) * 1988-05-18 1990-05-22 Pennwalt Corporation Refrigerant fluid and method of use
US5620631A (en) * 1989-02-24 1997-04-15 Solvay (Societe Ananyme) Pressurized-gas pack and propellant for aerosols
EP0398147A3 (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-03-20 THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY (a Delaware corporation) A foaming system for rigid urethane and isoyanurate foams
JP3072847B2 (en) 1989-05-10 2000-08-07 ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニー Rigid closed-cell polyisocyanate-based foam

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