US3579810A - Method of making capillary assemblies for oxygenators and the like - Google Patents

Method of making capillary assemblies for oxygenators and the like Download PDF

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US3579810A
US3579810A US833056A US3579810DA US3579810A US 3579810 A US3579810 A US 3579810A US 833056 A US833056 A US 833056A US 3579810D A US3579810D A US 3579810DA US 3579810 A US3579810 A US 3579810A
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capillary
unit
pins
potting compound
tubing
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US833056A
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George Mon
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US Department of Army
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
    • B01D63/0231—Manufacturing thereof using supporting structures, e.g. filaments for weaving mats
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/021—Manufacturing thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material

Definitions

  • alms rawmg ABSTRACT An inexpensive and rapid method of assembling U.S. capillary units and the is disclosed Commercially availa.
  • 23/2585, 264/277 ble capillary tubing is first wound around two end pins spaced [5 l 1 Intv t apart a predetem lned distance greater than the length B231) 25/00 of the capillary strands in the completed unit.
  • Each end pin is FlEld Of Search then into an epoxy potting compound and caused to 23/2535; 264/277, 317 harden.
  • the hardened ends are thereafter cut in appropriate places so as to expose the capillary tubes.
  • a suitable outer [56] References Cited housing, having appropriate conduits for the transfer of blood UNITED STATES PATENTS and oxygen to the unit, may then be provided to the assembled 2,449,606 9/1948 Kraft 264/277 capillaries.
  • This invention relates to a capillary assembly unit and, in particular, to a method of forming the two ends of such a unit.
  • a typical capillary unit used as an oxygenator is disclosed by De Wall in U.S. Pat. No. 2,972,349, issued Feb. 21, 1961.
  • Generally sucha unit comprises a rectangular box having a plurality of thin capillary tubes connected between the two end walls of the unit. Blood is transmitted from onev end wall to the other through the capillary tubes while oxygen is transmitted into the rectangular box and caused to completely surround the blood-containing capillary tubes. Oxygenation of the blood occurs in: a well-known manner as described in the De Wall patent.
  • the materials of which thecapillary tubes are formed must be permeable to the transmission of both oxygen and carbon dioxide while being impermeable to' blood.
  • a silicone rubber known as Silastic is commonly used for this purpose, although other plastic materials have been known to be useful.
  • a further object of this invention is to eliminate the need for preforrning capillary holesin each of the'two end walls of the unit.
  • Still another object of the invention is to eliminate the need for individually inserting each of the capillary tubes into each preformed capillary hole.
  • a further object of the invention is to eliminate the needfor individually measuring and cutting each capillary tube to its required length.
  • a capillary unit is Silastic tubing onto a winding unit.
  • the winding unit comprises a pair of guide pins which are spaced-apart a predetermined distance to provide for the desired length of tubing.
  • the capillary tubes, together with the two guide pins are removed from the winding unit andeach end is inserted into the cavity of a mold.
  • the mold is filled with Silastic or epoxy potting compound so as to completely surround the tubing together with the. guide pin.
  • the potting compound is caused to harden and is then removed from the mold and cut in the appropriate place so as to expose the ends of each of the capillary tubes. This operation is repeated at both ends of the tubing.
  • FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a completed oxygenator unit made in accordance with this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the winding unit used in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view'of the mold used to manufacture the two ends of the oxygenator unit in accordance with this invention.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of one end of the oxygenator unit after it has been removed from its mold.
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one end of the oxygenator unit.
  • FIG. 2 shows the first step involved in manufacturing an oxygenator unit in accordance with this invention.
  • the winding unit comprises a base 23 which supports a vertical column 24 having thereon a horizontal rotatable shaft26.
  • Shaft 26 is rotated by means of handle 25 and supports an arm 27 securely mounted at right angles to shaft 26.
  • At the two extreme ends of am 27 are securely mounted two short horizontal bars 28 and 29.
  • Bars 28 and.29 are adjustable along thelength of arm 27 so as to provide a desired lengthof tubing.
  • pins 31 and 30 Connected to bars 28.and 29-by means of threaded screws 32 and 33 are a pair of pins 31 and 30.
  • Capillary tubing is wound around pins 31 and 30 asrnany times as necessary, usually several hundred or more loops, in order to obtain the desired number of capillary tubes necessary for the oxygenator unit. After the winding process, tubing 15 is tied at one or two places by clamps 34 and 35. Pins 30 and 31 are then removed from the vnnding unit and. each end is sequentially dipped into epoxy potting compound aswill be further described with respect to FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of a mold 36having therein a cavity 38.
  • Mold 36 is securely held together by means of bolts or screws which fit intoholes 37.
  • the mold can be opened up so as to insert end pin 30 into appropriate slots 39 and 40.
  • cavity 38 is filled with epoxy potting compound 45.
  • Any known commercially available potting compound may be used.
  • GE-RTV 6l5. has been used satisfactorily in this invention. While the compound is still in its liquidcondition, rods 42 and 43 are inserted into appropriate places in mold 36 for a purpose which will be hereinafter described.
  • mold 36 is placed on a hot plate and cured for about 1%hours at approximately 250 F.
  • Example An oxygenator unit was constructed in accordance with this invention by providing 500 windings of Silastic tubing around the winding unit, and dipping each end of the tubing into the cavity of a molding unit such as shown in FIG. 3. The unit was filled with about 165 mg. of Silastic resin GE-RTV 615, and cured at 250 F, for about lhours.
  • the winding unit need not be as shown and, in fact, may be replaced by two guide pins securely held in some appropriate place at a predetermined spaced-apart distance.
  • the winding unit need not be rotatable as it would be a simple matter to wind capillary tubing around the ends of two stationary guide pins.
  • Oxygenator unit also need not be as shown, for it may, if desired, be constructed completely of plastic material in a single unitary structure.
  • the method can be used to assemble capillary units other than oxygenators. For example, extracorporeal circulation systems for assisting the functions of the heart, kidney and lungs may be assembled in accordance with this invention.
  • a method of assembling a capillary unit comprising:
  • conduit means for transferring appropriate fluids to the capillary unit.
  • the potting compound comprises a resinous epoxy material capable of being hardened.
  • step of hardening the potting compound includes the step of applying heat to the compound.

Abstract

An inexpensive and rapid method of assembling capillary units and the like is disclosed. Commercially available capillary tubing is first wound around two end pins spaced apart a predetermined distance slightly greater than the length of the capillary strands in the completed unit. Each end pin is then dipped into an epoxy potting compound and caused to harden. The hardened ends are thereafter cut in appropriate places so as to expose the capillary tubes. A suitable outer housing, having appropriate conduits for the transfer of blood and oxygen to the unit, may then be provided to the assembled capillaries.

Description

United States Patent [72] Inventor George Mon 2,972,349 2/1961 DeWall 23/258.5 Silver Spring, Md. 2,976,583 3/1961 McCarthy 29/527.1X [21] Appl. No. 833,056 3,446,361 5/1969 Douty 264/277X [22] Flled June 1969 Primary Examiner-John F. Campbell [45] Patented May 1971 AssistantExaminer-VictorA DiPalma T [73] Asslgnee g lf itates g g as rgpresemed Atl0rneysHarry M. Saragovitz, Edward J. Kelly, Herbert 3 9 o e rmy Her] and J. D. Edgerton [54] METHOD OF MAKING CAPILLARY ASSEMBLIES FOR OXYGENATORS AND THE LIKE 8 Cl ,6D F
alms rawmg ABSTRACT: An inexpensive and rapid method of assembling U.S. capillary units and the is disclosed Commercially availa. 23/2585, 264/277 ble capillary tubing is first wound around two end pins spaced [5 l 1 Intv t apart a predetem lned distance greater than the length B231) 25/00 of the capillary strands in the completed unit. Each end pin is FlEld Of Search then into an epoxy potting compound and caused to 23/2535; 264/277, 317 harden. The hardened ends are thereafter cut in appropriate places so as to expose the capillary tubes. A suitable outer [56] References Cited housing, having appropriate conduits for the transfer of blood UNITED STATES PATENTS and oxygen to the unit, may then be provided to the assembled 2,449,606 9/1948 Kraft 264/277 capillaries.
H 7.0 t w I \6 Y I i -I s ,3
\9 FR 0 O00 N Q 1 Q S METHOD OF MAKING CAPILLARY ASSEMBLIES FOR OXYGENATORS AND THE LIKE RIGHTS OF GOVERNMENT The invention described herein may be manufactured, used, and licensed by'or for the U.S. Government for governmental purposes without the payment to me of any royalty thereon.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a capillary assembly unit and, in particular, to a method of forming the two ends of such a unit.
A typical capillary unit used as an oxygenator is disclosed by De Wall in U.S. Pat. No. 2,972,349, issued Feb. 21, 1961. Generally sucha unit comprises a rectangular box having a plurality of thin capillary tubes connected between the two end walls of the unit. Blood is transmitted from onev end wall to the other through the capillary tubes while oxygen is transmitted into the rectangular box and caused to completely surround the blood-containing capillary tubes. Oxygenation of the blood occurs in: a well-known manner as described in the De Wall patent. The materials of which thecapillary tubes are formed must be permeable to the transmission of both oxygen and carbon dioxide while being impermeable to' blood. A silicone rubber known as Silastic is commonly used for this purpose, although other plastic materials have been known to be useful.
Because of the numerous capillaries required to make up a typical capillary unit, ordinarily between 500 and 2,000 capillaries, the manufacture of such units is a tedious task. Previously such units have been manufactured by drilling or otherwise forming thousands of tiny holes of the appropriate diameter in the end walls of the unit, and then individually inserting the capillary tubes, each cut to its appropriate length, into each of the holes. Obviously this method of manufacture requires many hours of tedious labor, and the cost of manufacturing such units increases significantly with the number of man-hours required.
It is, therefore, a primary object of this invention to provide an inexpensive, rapid, and reliable method of manufacturing capillary units. Y
A further object of this invention is to eliminate the need for preforrning capillary holesin each of the'two end walls of the unit.
Still another object of the invention is to eliminate the need for individually inserting each of the capillary tubes into each preformed capillary hole.
A further object of the invention is to eliminate the needfor individually measuring and cutting each capillary tube to its required length.
These and other objects of the invention will become more apparent from the following description ofthe invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Briefly, in accordance with this invention, a capillary unit is Silastic tubing onto a winding unit. The winding unit comprises a pair of guide pins which are spaced-apart a predetermined distance to provide for the desired length of tubing. After a sufficient number of strands have been wound on the winding unit, the capillary tubes, together with the two guide pins, are removed from the winding unit andeach end is inserted into the cavity of a mold. The mold is filled with Silastic or epoxy potting compound so as to completely surround the tubing together with the. guide pin. The potting compound is caused to harden and is then removed from the mold and cut in the appropriate place so as to expose the ends of each of the capillary tubes. This operation is repeated at both ends of the tubing.
Thereafter, only the sidewalls as well as the. appropriate means for providing the gas and blood inputs need to be put in place for a completed oxygenator unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The specific nature of the invention as well as other objects, aspects, uses, and advantages thereof will clearly appear from the following description and from the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a completed oxygenator unit made in accordance with this invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the winding unit used in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view'of the mold used to manufacture the two ends of the oxygenator unit in accordance with this invention.
FIGS. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of one end of the oxygenator unit after it has been removed from its mold.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of one end of the oxygenator unit.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring now, to the drawings, FIG. I shows oxygenator unit 10 having blood inlet means 11 and blood outlet means 12, as well as oxygen inlet means 13 and carbon dioxide outlet means 14. Blood enteringinlet means 11 is forced into capillary tubes 15 by means of open ends .16. The blood travels walls of oxygenator unit 10 by means of bolts 20. An=enlarged fragmentary view of capillary tubes 15 is shown in FIG."6.
FIG. 2 shows the first step involved in manufacturing an oxygenator unit in accordance with this invention. Because capillary tubing is commercially available in long continuous rolls, advantage is taken of this fact by continuously winding the tubing many times around a winding unit such-as that shown in FlG..2. The winding unit comprises a base 23 which supports a vertical column 24 having thereon a horizontal rotatable shaft26. Shaft 26 is rotated by means of handle 25 and supports an arm 27 securely mounted at right angles to shaft 26. At the two extreme ends of am 27 are securely mounted two short horizontal bars 28 and 29. Bars 28 and.29 are adjustable along thelength of arm 27 so as to provide a desired lengthof tubing. Connected to bars 28.and 29-by means of threaded screws 32 and 33 are a pair of pins 31 and 30. Capillary tubing is wound around pins 31 and 30 asrnany times as necessary, usually several hundred or more loops, in order to obtain the desired number of capillary tubes necessary for the oxygenator unit. After the winding process, tubing 15 is tied at one or two places by clamps 34 and 35. Pins 30 and 31 are then removed from the vnnding unit and. each end is sequentially dipped into epoxy potting compound aswill be further described with respect to FIG. 3.
FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view of a mold 36having therein a cavity 38. Mold 36 is securely held together by means of bolts or screws which fit intoholes 37. By removing the securing means in holes 37 the mold can be opened up so as to insert end pin 30 into appropriate slots 39 and 40. After pin 30 together with capillary winding 15 is inserted and secured into slots 39 and '40, cavity 38 is filled with epoxy potting compound 45. Any known commercially available potting compound may be used. Typically GE-RTV 6l5.has been used satisfactorily in this invention. While the compound is still in its liquidcondition, rods 42 and 43 are inserted into appropriate places in mold 36 for a purpose which will be hereinafter described.
In order to shorten the curing and hardening time of the epoxy compound, mold 36 is placed on a hot plate and cured for about 1%hours at approximately 250 F.
After the epoxy compound has sufficiently hardened, it may be removed from mold 36 and will appear as shown in FIG. 4. The bottom portion of the hardened mold is then cut off with a sharp instrument and discarded as shown in FIG. 5, leaving only the top portion which will constitute end block 19 of oxygenator unit 10. Rods 42 and 43 as shown in FIG. 4 can be easily be removed, thereby leaving preformed holes 46 and 47 for receiving bolts 20 as shown in FIG. 1.
It should be apparent that the entire process an be performed rapidly and efficiently by unskilled operators. The process is also readily adaptable to assembly line techniques.
Example An oxygenator unit was constructed in accordance with this invention by providing 500 windings of Silastic tubing around the winding unit, and dipping each end of the tubing into the cavity of a molding unit such as shown in FIG. 3. The unit was filled with about 165 mg. of Silastic resin GE-RTV 615, and cured at 250 F, for about lhours.
It will be appreciated that the embodiment described herein is only exemplary, as many modifications could be made within the spirit and scope of this invention. For example, the winding unit need not be as shown and, in fact, may be replaced by two guide pins securely held in some appropriate place at a predetermined spaced-apart distance. The winding unit need not be rotatable as it would be a simple matter to wind capillary tubing around the ends of two stationary guide pins. Oxygenator unit also need not be as shown, for it may, if desired, be constructed completely of plastic material in a single unitary structure. The method can be used to assemble capillary units other than oxygenators. For example, extracorporeal circulation systems for assisting the functions of the heart, kidney and lungs may be assembled in accordance with this invention.
1 wish it to be understood that l do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described, for obvious modification will occur to persons skilled in the art.
I claim:
1. A method of assembling a capillary unit comprising:
a. winding a continuous strand of capillary tubing around two pins spaced-apart a predetermined distance;
b. maintaining each pin in a potting compound;
c. causing the potting compound to harden;
d. cutting the hardened potting compound so as to expose a plurality of open ended capillary tubes while at the same time providing a rigid portion holding said ends in fixed relation to each other; and
e. providing conduit means for transferring appropriate fluids to the capillary unit.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pins are spaced-apart a distance slightly greater than the desired length of capillary tubing in the completed capillary unit.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the pins are located on a winding unit having means to rotate the pins and means to adjust the distance between the pins.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the pins are detachable from the winding unit.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the potting compound comprises a resinous epoxy material capable of being hardened.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of hardening the potting compound includes the step of applying heat to the compound.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of placing each pin into a mold having a cavity therein and pouring the potting compound into the cavity.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of inserting a predetermined number of rods into the potting compound prior to hardening so as to provide preformed holes in said rigid portion to be used for securing each end of the capillary unit to an external housing.

Claims (7)

  1. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the pins are spaced-apart a distance slightly greater than the desired length of capillary tubing in the completed capillary unit.
  2. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the pins are located on a winding unit haVing means to rotate the pins and means to adjust the distance between the pins.
  3. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the pins are detachable from the winding unit.
  4. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the potting compound comprises a resinous epoxy material capable of being hardened.
  5. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of hardening the potting compound includes the step of applying heat to the compound.
  6. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of placing each pin into a mold having a cavity therein and pouring the potting compound into the cavity.
  7. 8. The method of claim 7 further comprising the steps of inserting a predetermined number of rods into the potting compound prior to hardening so as to provide preformed holes in said rigid portion to be used for securing each end of the capillary unit to an external housing.
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Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3690465A (en) * 1970-10-15 1972-09-12 Du Pont Permeation separation element
FR2126208A1 (en) * 1971-02-25 1972-10-06 Dow Chemical Co
US3856475A (en) * 1969-12-17 1974-12-24 G Marx An apparatus for transferring a gas between two liquids
US3893926A (en) * 1973-07-24 1975-07-08 John A Awad Membrane fluid diffusion exchange device
US3934982A (en) * 1972-06-01 1976-01-27 Arp Leon J Blood oxygenator
FR2428456A1 (en) * 1978-06-15 1980-01-11 Mitsubishi Rayon Co METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING GAS FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER
US4195050A (en) * 1977-10-17 1980-03-25 Walter Peter A Method for making a filter
US4239729A (en) * 1978-06-06 1980-12-16 Terumo Corporation Oxygenator
US4419674A (en) * 1982-02-12 1983-12-06 Mead Corporation Wire wound flat-faced charge plate
US4451562A (en) * 1982-04-26 1984-05-29 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood oxygenator
US4622206A (en) * 1983-11-21 1986-11-11 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane oxygenator and method and apparatus for making the same
US4735775A (en) * 1984-02-27 1988-04-05 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Mass transfer device having a heat-exchanger
FR2620633A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-03-24 Lyonnaise Eaux PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR MAKING A BEAM OF FILAMENTS, IN PARTICULAR SEMI-PERMEABLE HOLLOW FIBERS
US5294397A (en) * 1987-06-28 1994-03-15 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat exchanger for medical treatment
US5578267A (en) * 1992-05-11 1996-11-26 Minntech Corporation Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator
EP0850677A1 (en) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-01 Ebara Corporation Hollow fiber separation membrane module of immersing type and method for manufacturing the same
US6017482A (en) * 1995-07-21 2000-01-25 Huels Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing a flexible plastic gel molding with a plurality of catheters embedded equidistantly therein
US6106776A (en) * 1997-04-11 2000-08-22 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing
US6217826B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2001-04-17 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer, heat transfer and pumping capabilities via active mixing
US6660198B1 (en) * 2000-09-19 2003-12-09 Marconi Communications, Inc. Process for making a plastic counterflow heat exchanger
US6723284B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2004-04-20 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer, heat transfer and pumping capabilities via active mixing

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US2449606A (en) * 1945-12-07 1948-09-21 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Flexible cover for tire repair vulcanizers and method of making
US2972349A (en) * 1958-12-24 1961-02-21 Univ Minnesota Capillary oxygenator
US2976583A (en) * 1958-08-04 1961-03-28 Dan C Mccarthy Window construction
US3446361A (en) * 1966-12-23 1969-05-27 United States Steel Corp Rack and method of making the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2449606A (en) * 1945-12-07 1948-09-21 Gen Tire & Rubber Co Flexible cover for tire repair vulcanizers and method of making
US2976583A (en) * 1958-08-04 1961-03-28 Dan C Mccarthy Window construction
US2972349A (en) * 1958-12-24 1961-02-21 Univ Minnesota Capillary oxygenator
US3446361A (en) * 1966-12-23 1969-05-27 United States Steel Corp Rack and method of making the same

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856475A (en) * 1969-12-17 1974-12-24 G Marx An apparatus for transferring a gas between two liquids
US3690465A (en) * 1970-10-15 1972-09-12 Du Pont Permeation separation element
FR2126208A1 (en) * 1971-02-25 1972-10-06 Dow Chemical Co
US3934982A (en) * 1972-06-01 1976-01-27 Arp Leon J Blood oxygenator
US3893926A (en) * 1973-07-24 1975-07-08 John A Awad Membrane fluid diffusion exchange device
US4195050A (en) * 1977-10-17 1980-03-25 Walter Peter A Method for making a filter
US4239729A (en) * 1978-06-06 1980-12-16 Terumo Corporation Oxygenator
FR2428456A1 (en) * 1978-06-15 1980-01-11 Mitsubishi Rayon Co METHOD FOR TRANSFERRING GAS FROM ONE MEDIUM TO ANOTHER
US4419674A (en) * 1982-02-12 1983-12-06 Mead Corporation Wire wound flat-faced charge plate
US4451562A (en) * 1982-04-26 1984-05-29 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood oxygenator
US4469659A (en) * 1982-04-26 1984-09-04 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Sampling device for blood oxygenator
US4622206A (en) * 1983-11-21 1986-11-11 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane oxygenator and method and apparatus for making the same
US4735775A (en) * 1984-02-27 1988-04-05 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Mass transfer device having a heat-exchanger
US5294397A (en) * 1987-06-28 1994-03-15 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat exchanger for medical treatment
EP0309331A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-03-29 SOCIETE LYONNAISE DES EAUX Société Anonyme Process and apparatus for making a bundle of filaments, particularly of hollow semi-permeable fibres
FR2620633A1 (en) * 1987-09-23 1989-03-24 Lyonnaise Eaux PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR MAKING A BEAM OF FILAMENTS, IN PARTICULAR SEMI-PERMEABLE HOLLOW FIBERS
US5578267A (en) * 1992-05-11 1996-11-26 Minntech Corporation Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator
US6017482A (en) * 1995-07-21 2000-01-25 Huels Aktiengesellschaft Process for producing a flexible plastic gel molding with a plurality of catheters embedded equidistantly therein
US6630069B2 (en) 1996-12-27 2003-10-07 Ebara Corporation Hollow fiber membrane module of immersing type
EP0850677A1 (en) * 1996-12-27 1998-07-01 Ebara Corporation Hollow fiber separation membrane module of immersing type and method for manufacturing the same
US6106776A (en) * 1997-04-11 2000-08-22 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing
US6217826B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2001-04-17 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer, heat transfer and pumping capabilities via active mixing
US6348175B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2002-02-19 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer via active mixing
US6723284B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2004-04-20 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer, heat transfer and pumping capabilities via active mixing
US20040219061A1 (en) * 1997-04-11 2004-11-04 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer, heat transfer and pumping capabilities via active mixing
US7122151B2 (en) 1997-04-11 2006-10-17 University Of Pittsburgh Membrane apparatus with enhanced mass transfer, heat transfer and pumping capabilities via active mixing
US6660198B1 (en) * 2000-09-19 2003-12-09 Marconi Communications, Inc. Process for making a plastic counterflow heat exchanger

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