US3573547A

US3573547A - Method of aerodynamically ejecting ions

Info

Publication number: US3573547A
Application number: US794154*A
Authority: US
Inventors: Paul B Fredrickson
Original assignee: AUGION UNIPOLAR CORP
Current assignee: AUGION UNIPOLAR CORP
Priority date: 1969-01-27
Filing date: 1969-01-27
Publication date: 1971-04-06
Anticipated expiration: 1988-04-06

Abstract

Discloses the method of aerodynamically ejecting and liberating on the outboard output side of an ion device a predetermined amount, optionally ranging from minimum to maximum, of the ions generated on the inboard output side of said ion device through discrete, electrode-configuration disposition and application of magnitude-fixed, DC voltage between the electrodes.

Description

United States Patent Paul B. Fredrickson Sudbury, Mass.

Jan. 27, 1969 Apr. 6, 197 l Augion-Unipolar Corporation Guilderland, N.Y.

[72] Inventor [21 Appl. No. [22] Filed [45] Patented [73] Assignee [54] METHOD OF AERODYNAMICALLY EJECTING IONS 9 Claims, 2 Drawing Figs.

[52] US. Cl. 317/4, 317/262AE [51] Int, Cl 1105b [50] FieldoiSearch.... 3l7/3,4, 262, 262 (AB); 250/495, (60, 61)

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,765,975 10/ 1956 Lindenblad 230/69 2,004,352 6/1935 Simon 310/5 3,337,784 8/1967 Lueder 317/262 2,043,217 6/1936 Yaglou 204/32 2,264,495 12/ 1941 Wilner 317/4 2,925,534 2/1960 Ferguson... 317/4 3,335,275 8/1967 King 250/495 2,982,647 5/ 1961 Carlson et a1 96/ 1 Primary ExaminerLee T. Hix Assistant ExaminerC. L. Yates Att0rney-Walter F. Wessendorf, .lr.

ABSTRACT: Discloses the method of aerodynamically ejecting and liberating on the outboard output side of an ion device a predetermined amount, optionally ranging from minimum to maximum, of the ions generated on the inboard output side of said ion device through discrete, electrode-configuration disposition and application of magnitude-fixed, DC voltage between the electrodes.

{ Patented April 6, 1911 3,573,547

' 3 "s9 F l G; l.

. POWER SUPPLY 3,3 --23 F l G- 2 uovous I IN VIIN'IOR.

PAUL B. FREDRlCKS-ON BY METHOD OF AERODYNAMICALLY EJECTING IONS This invention relates to the field of art pertaining to ion devices.

In this field of art, prior-art attempts have been made to increase the quantity of unipolar ions produced by increasing the applied voltage and/or by using a menagerie of configurations for the ionization, corona-discharge, discharge, emitter or ion-generating electrodes. With respect to the problem of the ion-generating electrode, the attack has been principally directed to the ion-generating electrode itselfor, what is arbitrarily referred to herein as the inboard output side of the ion device. However, the ions generated by the ion-generating electrode remain the air space of the ion-generating electrode notwithstanding the voltage applied. Hence, the determining factor in rating any ion device is not the quantity of unipolar ions generated by the ion-generating electrode on the inboard output side, but rather the quantity of unipolar ions which are liberated and forced out on what is arbitrarily referred to herein as the outboard output side.

Accordingly, the utility and value of ion devices is not measured by the quantity of unipolar ions generated on the inboard output side, but rather the quantity of unipolar ions liberated and set free on the outboard output side. The unipolar ions generated on the inboard output side have no value and no use for purposes of external air ionization. The unipolar ions generated on the inboard output side have value and use for purposes of external air ionization only when such generated unipolar ions are liberated and set free on the outboard output side. These facts are demonstrated through the number of patents in this field, on a comparison basis, which are completely useless. The only acceptable standard of measurement of ions liberated and set free on the outboard output side is the quantitative number of ions liberated per unit volume per unit of time-or, as conventionally expressed: the number of ions per cubic centimeter per second.

Some of the prior patents in this field make cursory mention of this standard of measurement, but none of the prior patents express this standard of measurement with its relationship to the parametric factors involved.

The objects of this invention are to solve the problems of the art by attack on the outboard output side to actually and physically liberate and set free a predeterminable amount, optionally ranging from minimum to maximum, of the ions generated on the inboard output side by aerodynamically causing the ions generated on the inboard output side to be liberated and set free.

This invention further solves the problems of the art by providing an expression based upon structure, relation-expressed as mutually dependent parametric factors, and by means of which an ion device can be constructed to aerodynamically eject a predeterminable, invariable quantity of ions per cubic centimeter per second from the outboard output side. By analogy, the difference between the prior art and this invention is the comparison of alchemy to chemistry. And, there being no dictionary or recognized reference definition of the terms: equation, formula, expression or relation, the term expression is used herein.

Because the prior-art devices do not liberate and set free any practical or useful quantities of ions on their outboard output sides, other than minute quantities of ions liberated and set free by leakage, some prior-art ion devices resort to dangerous and uncontrollable radioactive sources in attempting to solve the problems of the art.

Patented prior-art devices fail to recite details of total outboard ion output in relation to inboard ion generation, and fail to disclose the required parametric values and their pertinent relationships which would readily confirm or deny the broad and unsupported assertions made with respect to these priorart devices.

Some of the patented prior-art devices, by their very constructions, are incapable of liberating any ions on the outboard output side. Affording other patented prior-art devices full credence to their contentions of liberating ions on the outboard output side-although their contentions are based upon incomplete data, requisite relations and parametric values necessary for confirmation are not disclosed, and neither confirmatory theoretical analyses nor empirical measurements are disclosedthe quantity of ions aerodynamically ejected and liberated from the outboard output side of the electrode configuration shown in FIG. 1 of this invention and described with reference thereto range from lOO times greater to almost one billion times greater than patented prior-art devices.

These objects and other objects of the invention should be discerned and appreciated by the detailed specification taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partly in section, showing a configuration of electrodes in accordance with the method;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the power supply for the electrode configuration.

To facilitate the understanding of the invention in conjunction with the drawings, a nomenclature list is herewith provided.

NOMENCLATURE 1 generally refers to device 3 top support member 5 bottom support member 7 side support member 9 side support member 1 l bare emitter wire 13 bare grid wire 15 bare grid wire l7 generally refers to high voltage power supply 19 wire lead 21 wire lead 23 ground wire lead 25 negative-high-voltage, output wire 27 positive-high-voltage, output wire 29 jumper wire 31 ground connection 3 3 wire 3 5 conducting plate 37 conducting plate 39 jumper wire 41 jumper wire In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 generally refers to the device showing top and bottom support members 3 and 5 of nonconductive material and side support members 7 and 9 of nonconductive material. Support members 3, 5, 7 and 9 are joined together, as shown. Emitter wire, emitter electrode or iongenerating electrode 11 is disposed interiorly of side support members 7 and 9, as shown, and the end of emitter wire 11 are suitably fixed to side support members 7 and 9. Grid wires or electrodes 13 and 15 are disposed on the exterior surfaces of side support members 7 and 9, as shown, and the ends of grid wires 13 and 15 are suitably fixed therewith. Grid wires 13 and 15 are parallel to each other and are coplanar. Emitter wire 11 is parallel with grid wires 13 and 15. if imaginary lines, normal to the longitudinal axis of the emitter wire 11 and the longitudinal axes of each of the grid wires 13 and 15, were drawn from emitter wire 11 to each of the grid wires 13 and 15, the emitter wire 11 would form the apex of an isosceles triangle.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 17 generally refers to the highvoltage power supply. The power supply 17 is of conventional design and is shown connected to the conventional ll0-volt root mean square, 60-cycle alternating current power source through wire leads l9 and 21, and ground wire lead 23. The negative-high-voltage, output wire 25 of the high-voltage power supply is insulated and is connected to the bare emitter wire 11. The positive-high-voltage, output wire 27 of the highvoltage power supply is insulated and is connected to bare grid wire l3. The bare grid wires 13 and 15 are electrically connected together by jumper wire 29. The positive-high-voltage, output wire 27 of the high-voltage power supply 17 is grounded to the chassis at 31 by wire 33.

With reference to FIG. 1, conducting

plates

35 and 37, mounted in common with the exterior surfaces of top and bottom support members 3 and 5, as shown, are connected by respective insulated

jumper wires

39 and 41 to grid wires 15 and 13, respectively. Conducting

plates

35 and 37, being positive-grounded, function to counteract negative surface charges on the support members 3 and 5 through positive charges induced on

plates

35 and 37.

When magnitude-fixed, DC voltage is applied between the emitter wire 11 and grid wires 13 and 15, a discrete and fixed quantity of unipolar ions per second is produced in the air space relative to the emitter wire 11, and a discrete and fixed quantity of unipolar ions per second is aerodynamically ejected from the region of the grid wires 13 and 15, as well as the concomitant production of discrete wind velocity and wind pressure. The air space relative to the emitter wire 11 is referred to as the inboard output side of the ion device, and the region bounded externally by the grid wires 13 and 15 is referred to as the outboard output side of the ion device.

As a comparative relationship, the quantity of unipolar ions per second ejected from the outboard output side is not as great as the unipolar ions per second generated on the inboard output side. The unipolar ions are aerodynamically ejected from the outboard output side in cooperation with wind velocity and as a result of wind velocity, with the wind velocity being in the direction from the emitter wire 11 to the grid wires 13 and 15.

The magnitude of wind velocity and concomitant wind pressure, and the quantity of unipolar ions ejected from the outboard output side are mutually dependent. The greater the wind velocity, the greater the number of unipolar ions ejected from the outboard output side; and, the less the wind velocity, the fewer the number of unipolar ions ejected.

Solution of relative expressions by standard techniques determine the configurations of the emitter wire 11 and the grid wires 13 and 15 for the range of minimum to maximum mutually dependent unipolar ions ejected per second, and wind velocities and concomitant wind pressure produced, on the outboard output side.

Outboard output wind pressure in dynes per square centimeter is expressed as equal to the quotient of the dividend [the product of the multiplicand K multiplied by the two multipliers (the length of one of the emitter or grid wires and the square of the applied voltage) wherein the multiplicand is 0.00000000l ll farads per centimeter], and the divisor [which is the product of a multiplicand of a squared addition of two addends multiplied by the multiplier of the square of a leg distance from the emitter wire to one of the grid wires multiplied by the sine of half of the apex angle included between imaginary lines from the emitter wire to each of the grid wires and multiplied by the cosine of half of such apex angle, wherein one of said addends is the natural logarithm of the quotient of the dividend of a leg distance from the emitter wire to one of the grid wires divided by divisor of the radius of the emitter wire, wherein the other of said addends is the product of the multiplicand (which is the quotient of the natural logarithm of the dividend of a leg distance from the emitter wire to one of the grid wires divided by the divisor of the radius of one of the grid wires) multiplied by the multiplier (which is the quotient of the dividend, which is the quotient of the dividend of the natural logarithm of the length of one of the wires divided by the divisor of the leg distance from the emitter wire to one of the grid wires, divided by the divisor, which is the quotient of the dividend of the natural logarithm of the leg distance from the emitter wire to one of the grid wires divided by the divisor of the radius of one of the grid wires) Such solution of relative expressions had determined that a configuration of the emitter wire 11 and grid wires 13 and 15 as an isosceles right triangle, with the emitter wire 11 at the apex, effects maximal outboard output ejection of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second and maximal production of wind velocity; and that decrease or increase of the apex angle, with maintenance of the isosceles configuration, correspondingly decreases to a minimum the quantity of aerodynamically ejected unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second and correspondingly decreases to a minimum the production of wind velocity. The expression also confirms that the grid wires 13 and 15 must be parallel to each other and coplanar, and parallel with emitter wire 11.

Such solution of relative expressions determine: the voltage applied between the electrodes, the radii of the electrodes, the spacing between the electrodes, the length of the electrodes and the wind velocity-all as mutually dependent parametric factors. Further relative expressions of the mutual dependence of wind velocity and aerodynamic ejection of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second ejected from the outboard output side and the wind velocity produced.

Modification of the configuration shown in FIG. 1, in accordance with and governed by the relative expressions, would have N emitter wires and N plus 1 grid wires. The emitter wires would be parallel to one another and coplanar, the grid wires would be parallel to one another and coplanar, and the emitter wires would be parallel to the grid wires. The emitter and grid wires would form isosceles triangles having the same apex angles of the emitter wires relative to their immediately adjacent grid wires, and each emitter wire would share a common grid wire. In the described and delineated configuration of N emitter wires and N plus 1 grid wires, there would be a corresponding, proportional increase in the total quantity of unipolar ions per second aerodynamically ejected, without any increase in density, and a corresponding, proportional increase in the volumetric flow of air in the direction from the emitter wires to the grid wires, without change in wind velocity compared to the wind velocity produced from the configuration shown in FIG. 1.

The invention disclosed herein has utility and application for therapeutic purposes, odor elimination, control and abatement of pollutants from industrial stacks, control and abatement of pollutants from vehicular exhaust systems, direct conversion of electrical energy to kinetic energy, purification of air, purification of water and sewage, promotion of plant growth, climate control, antifatigue, etc., and for such other applications were unipolar ions have utility.

lclaim:

l. The method of aerodynamically ejecting, liberating and setting free for purposes of useful external air ionization a predeterminable amount, discrete-configuration-controllable to range from minimum to maximum, of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second and concomitant, corresponding wind velocities from a discrete and fixed quantity, dependent upon magnitude-fixed, DC voltage applied, of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second generated in an air space, comprising the steps of: disposing a discrete quantity of electrodes in a discrete configuration for effecting aerodynamic ejection, liberation and setting free for purposes of useful external air ionization of a predeterminable amount, controlled by said discrete configuration of electrodes to range from a minimum to a maximum amount, of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second of said unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second generated in said air space upon application of magnitude-fixed, DC voltage between said electrodes, and for producing concomitant, corresponding wind velocities; and applying said magnitude-fixed, DC voltage between said electrodes to generate said discrete and fixed quantity of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second in said air space, and to aerodynamically eject, liberate and set free for purposes of useful external air ionization said discrete-configuration-controlled amount of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second and to produce said concomitant, corresponding wind velocity.

2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electrodes are emitter and grid wires.

3. The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein said emitter and grid wires are rectilinear, are parallel to one another, and wherein said grid wires are coplanar.

4. The method in accordance with claim 3, wherein each emitter wire has relatively adjacent grid wires, wherein imaginery lines drawn from said emitter wire to its immediately adjacent grid wires would fonn the apex angle of an isosceles triangle, and wherein an additional imaginary line drawn between said grid wires would form an isosceles-triangle configuration.

S. The method in accordance with claim 4, wherein, when said apex angle is 90, a maximum amount of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second are aerodynamically ejected and said wind velocity produced is at its maximum magnitude.

6. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said electrodes are N emitter wires and N plus 1 grid wires.

7. The method in accordance with claim 6, wherein said emitter and grid wires are rectilinear, wherein said emitter wires are parallel to one another and are coplanar, wherein said grid wires are parallel to one another and are coplanar,

and wherein said emitter wires are parallel with said grid wires.

8. The method in accordance with claim 7, wherein each emitter wire has relatively adjacent grid wires, wherein imaginary lines drawn from each of said emitter wires to its immediately adjacent grid wires would fonn the apex angle of an isosceles triangle, and wherein an imaginary line drawn between said grid wires would form an isosceles-triangle configuration.

9. The method in accordance with claim 8, wherein, when said apex angles are a maximum amount of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second are aerodynamically ejected with a proportional increase in the total quantity of said unipolar ions per second ejected without increase in density, and said wind velocity produce is at its maximum magnitude with proportional increase in volumetric air flow.

Claims

1. The method of aerodynamically ejecting, liberating and setting free for purposes of useful external air ionization a predeterminable amount, discrete-configuration-controllable to range from minimum to maximum, of unipolar ions per cuBic centimeter per second and concomitant, corresponding wind velocities from a discrete and fixed quantity, dependent upon magnitude-fixed, DC voltage applied, of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second generated in an air space, comprising the steps of: disposing a discrete quantity of electrodes in a discrete configuration for effecting aerodynamic ejection, liberation and setting free for purposes of useful external air ionization of a predeterminable amount, controlled by said discrete configuration of electrodes to range from a minimum to a maximum amount, of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second of said unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second generated in said air space upon application of magnitude-fixed, DC voltage between said electrodes, and for producing concomitant, corresponding wind velocities; and applying said magnitude-fixed, DC voltage between said electrodes to generate said discrete and fixed quantity of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second in said air space, and to aerodynamically eject, liberate and set free for purposes of useful external air ionization said discrete-configuration-controlled amount of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second and to produce said concomitant, corresponding wind velocity.

4. The method in accordance with claim 3, wherein each emitter wire has relatively adjacent grid wires, wherein imaginery lines drawn from said emitter wire to its immediately adjacent grid wires would form the apex angle of an isosceles triangle, and wherein an additional imaginary line drawn between said grid wires would form an isosceles-triangle configuration.

5. The method in accordance with claim 4, wherein, when said apex angle is 90*, a maximum amount of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second are aerodynamically ejected and said wind velocity produced is at its maximum magnitude.

7. The method in accordance with claim 6, wherein said emitter and grid wires are rectilinear, wherein said emitter wires are parallel to one another and are coplanar, wherein said grid wires are parallel to one another and are coplanar, and wherein said emitter wires are parallel with said grid wires.

8. The method in accordance with claim 7, wherein each emitter wire has relatively adjacent grid wires, wherein imaginary lines drawn from each of said emitter wires to its immediately adjacent grid wires would form the apex angle of an isosceles triangle, and wherein an imaginary line drawn between said grid wires would form an isosceles-triangle configuration.

9. The method in accordance with claim 8, wherein, when said apex angles are 90*, a maximum amount of unipolar ions per cubic centimeter per second are aerodynamically ejected with a proportional increase in the total quantity of said unipolar ions per second ejected without increase in density, and said wind velocity produce is at its maximum magnitude with proportional increase in volumetric air flow.