US3545971A - Rapid processing of photographic x-ray film - Google Patents

Rapid processing of photographic x-ray film Download PDF

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Publication number
US3545971A
US3545971A US561265A US3545971DA US3545971A US 3545971 A US3545971 A US 3545971A US 561265 A US561265 A US 561265A US 3545971D A US3545971D A US 3545971DA US 3545971 A US3545971 A US 3545971A
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United States
Prior art keywords
film
processing
seconds
gelatin
ray
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US561265A
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English (en)
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John C Barnes
Chester C Wilt
William W Rees
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/16—X-ray, infrared, or ultraviolet ray processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/164—Rapid access processing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/167—X-ray

Definitions

  • X-ray films in cut-sheet form have been processed for many years by conventional photographic processing methods including tray and tank processing methods and the quality of the X-ray images has been generally satisfactory.
  • the processing times have been fairly long, of the order of 10 to minutes and even with the most careful control of processing conditions and processing solutions the results usually have not been reproducible.
  • the radiologist could not be absolutely certain that changes appearing on the radiograph taken at a later date were due to physiological changes in the patient or due to processing variations. These circumstances tended to limit the use of X-ray images as a diagnostic tool.
  • the pattern of an individual roller on the emulsion could sometimes be recognized but often one roller pattern was superimposed on the pattern of another roller. Accordingly, the radiologist could easily be confused by a higher density area of the image resulting from roller pattern rather than from some physiological condition of the patient. More particularly, when the higher processing temperatures and shorter processing times were used, development of the silver halide emulsions was incomplete and fixation was incomplete with concomitant fading of the silver image on storage. Also, drying was incomplete.
  • the accompanying drawing shows schematically one type of roller transport system representative of those adapted to use in our invention for the processing of X-ray film.
  • an X-ray film is used provided with a film support such as polyethylene terephthalate, having 'on at least one side of the support a silver halide emulsion layer, and on the same side of the support about to 600 mgs. per square foot, preferably 200 to 500 mgs. per square foot of a hydrophilic colloid vehicle. All of the colloid vehicle may be in the emulsion layer or in a layer or layers adjacent thereo such as layers coated under or over the emulsion layer. Thus, when emulsion layers are coated on both sides of the support, the total hydrophilic colloid vehicle will be about 200 to 1200 mgs. per square foot.
  • a film support such as polyethylene terephthalate
  • a proteinaceous colloid vehicle is preferred including, for example, casein, gelatin and gelatin derivatives such as obtained by reaction of gelatin with acid chlorides and anhydrides.
  • Gelatin is a preferred vehicle although a substantial amount of other hydrophilic organic colloid vehicle can also be present, for example, casein, polyvinyl alcohol, partially hydrolyzed cellulose esters, partially hydrolyzed vinyl ester polymers and the mentioned gelatin derivatives.
  • the emulsion should have a hardness determined by taping its melting point temperature in water which should be above about 190 F.
  • Unhardened gelatin emulsions have a melting point of about 85 to 90 F.
  • the gelatin emulsions can be hardened by use of conventional gelatin hardening agents such as formaldehyde, mucochloric acid, diacetyl, dichlorodioxane, dialdehyde starch, aziridines, epoxy compounds, vinyl sulfones, and the like.
  • Emulsions of a lower degree of hardness can be used providing sufiicient gelatin hardening agent has been added to the processing solutions. Conversely, the harder emulsions will require less gelatin hardener in the processing solutions.
  • the X-ray films should contain on at least one side of the support about 300 to 650 mgs.
  • Such emulsions contain the amount of silver adequate to provide X-ray images of good density, yet the residual undeveloped silver halide is not too great as to require excessive fixing and washing times in the process.
  • the silver halide emulsions are not otherwise critical and may contain, for example, silver bromide, silve'r bromoiodide or silver chlorobromide.
  • the emulsions can be processed and dried properly in an actual processing time as short as 30 seconds (not including the time of transport between the various processing solutions and a drying chamber).
  • a representative total processing time obtainable in our process is 60 to seconds from the point of feeding the X-ray film into a transport apparatus to the emergence of the dried film, as will be seen from the examples below.
  • the aqueous developer compositions used for processing the X-ray films contain conventional silver halide developing agents such as hydroquinone and derivatives thereof, and l phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and derivatives thereof, and mixtures of these developing agents.
  • an aldehyde gelatin hardening agent such as given above should be present in the developing solution in an amount such that the pressure sensitivity of the emulsion is suppressed and drying is complete within the selected time of processing.
  • Particularly efiicacious gelatin-hardening agents are the dialdehydes and bis-bisulphite derivatives thereof described in US. Pat. 3,232,764.
  • Useful dialdehydes include fi-methyl glutaraldehyde, glutaraldehyde, a-methyl glutaraldehyde, maleic dialdehyde, succinic dialdehyde, methoxy succinic dialdehyde, a,a-dimethyl glutaraldehyde, methyl maleic dialdehyde, methyl succinic dialdehyde, a-methyl-B-ethoxy glutaraldehyde, a-n-butoxy glutaraldehyde, on ethyl-13 ethoxy glutaraldehyde, B-n-butoxy glutaraldehyde, 04,0: dimethoxy succinic dialdehyde, fiisopropoxy succinic dialdehyde,
  • dialdehydes are particularly effective when used in combination with organic antifoggant compounds.
  • Antifoggant compounds of the benzotriazole, benzothiazole, tetrazole and thiazole series, for example, methylbenzyltriazole are very useful.
  • anthraquinone sulfonic acid salts such as sodium l-anthraquinone sulfonate and sodium Z-anthraquinone sulfonate are also very useful when employed alone or in conjunction with other antifoggant compounds such as those mentioned immediately above.
  • the pH of the developer should be maintained at from about 9.5 to 10.5 using, for example, caustic alkali or alkali metal carbonate.
  • the pH is selected to insure that development produces an X-ray image of the desired density and contrast at the selected time and temperature.
  • the temperature of the developing solutions should be maintained between about 80 and 120 F. Under these conditions, development is carried out until the required density and contrast is obtained and a useful development time is seconds in a 60-second actual processing cycle including drying time, in a roller transport system such as shown in the drawing, or 90 seconds total time when including the time of transport of the film between the tanks and drying chamber.
  • the fixing solution employed in the process of our invention is a conventional fixing solution containing a silver halide solvent such as alkali metal or ammonium thiosulfate.
  • a silver halide solvent such as alkali metal or ammonium thiosulfate.
  • a useful concentration of the latter compound is shown in the following examples. When employing the shorter actual processing times of the order of seconds, a somewhat greater concentration of the silver halide solvent should be used and conversely, the temperature of the fixing solution should be maintained at from about 80 to 120 F. and a representative fixing time is 12 seconds in a -second actual processing time.
  • a representative washing time is 20 seconds at 120 F. in a 60-second actual processing time.
  • the film After washing the film, it is preferably squeegeed to remove excess water and dried at about 120 to 200 F. by directing a stream of air against the emulsion surface.
  • a stream of air against the emulsion surface.
  • drying can be expected to be completed in 20 seconds or less using a stream of air of approximately 50% relative humidity.
  • the accompanying drawing shows in schematic form a representative roller transport system in commercial use for the development of X-ray film and particularly adapted to use in our invention.
  • Cut sheet X-ray film is advanced along the path shown between staggered rollers through the development, fixing and washing tanks and through the drying section.
  • An apparatus of this type is described in more detail in US. Pat. 3,025,779. In this apparatus, an actual processing time of 30 to seconds is adequate.
  • Other types of roller transport apparatus can be employed in the process of our invention.
  • apparatus can be used of the type wherein the film is advanced by means of a series of rollers, through several chambers where processing solutions are sprayed onto the emulsion surface within the mentioned temperature ranges and the film dried at elevated temperature.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Attempted rapid processing of commercial X-ray film in commercial processing compositions at elevated temperature
  • a commercial X-ray film was provided having a polyethylene terephthalate support and silver halide emulsion layers on each side of the support each containing approximately 600 mgs. of gelatin per square foot.
  • the emulsion contained about 500 mgs. of silver as silver halide per square foot.
  • Over each emulsion layer was a gelatin layer, mgs. of gelatin per square foot.
  • the recommended total processing time for the film using the developer and fixing solutions given below was seven minutes in a roller transport system such as shown in the drawing (including time of transport of the film between the processing tanks and drying chamber).
  • the recommended temperature for the commercial processing solutions was about 80 F. and drying at about F.
  • the film was exposed and processed in a 90 second cycle as follows:
  • the remaining time was taken up in transporting the film betwen the tanks and the drying chamber.
  • the developer composition was as follows:
  • the fixing solution was a conventional ammonium thiosulfate acetic acid silver halide fixing composition as follows:
  • EXAMPLE 2 Rapid processing of X-ray film to obtain satisfactory development, fixation and drying
  • An X-ray film was provided having on each side of the polyethylene terephthalate support gelatin emulsion layers containing about 350 mgs. of gelatin per square foot and the same amount of silver halide as the film of Example 1, 500 mgs. silver per square foot, and the same amount of gelatin in the overcoat, 100 mgs. per square foot.
  • the emulsion had a hardness determined by its melting point in water which was about 200 F.
  • the remaining time was used in transporting the film between the tanks and developing and drying sections.
  • the developer and fixing solutions were the same as those used in Example 1.
  • the film was found to have excellent density and contrast and was dry. More particularly, there was no evidence of roller pattern in the image. Also, storage of the X-ray film at elevated temperature and humidity showed that the silver image was stable and, therefore, that fixation had been complete. Graininess was not perceptably higher than normal.
  • Example 3 The process of Example 2 is repeated except that the processing conditions are adjusted so as to obtain a completely processed film in an actual processing time of 30 seconds (60 seconds total time) as follows:
  • the film is adequately developed, fixed and dried, an image of good density and contrast being obtained.
  • the silver halide and gelatin content of the emulsion layers can be reduced to the lower levels mentioned above particularly to facilitate the fixing, washing and drying steps.
  • single emulsion coated X-ray films can be expected to be processed completely 1n the above 30-second cycle.
  • Example 4 The process of Example 2 is repeated except that the processing conditions are adjusted so as to obtain a completely processed film in an actual processing time of seconds (two minutes total processing time) as follows:
  • This processing cycle produces a completely processed film having an image of good density and contrast.
  • the higher levels of silver halide and gelatin mentioned above can also be used in the emulsion layers in this 90-second processing cycle.
  • EXAMPLE 5 An X-ray film is prepared similar to that used in Example 2 except that the emulsion containing 450 mgs. gelatin per square foot and 500 mgs. silver per square foot is coated upon only one side of the film support. The film processes satisfactorily under the conditions given in Example 2 to provide an X-ray image of suitable density, contrast and stability.
  • hydrophillic organic colloid vehicles can be substituted wholly or in part for gelatin.
  • Other developing agents, gelatin hardening agents and antifoggant compounds can be used in the developer.
  • Bromide is usually not sufiicient for reducing fog and is preferably employed in combination with organic antifoggant compounds as illustrated above.
  • the successful, preferably continuous, processing of the X-ray film in a cycle of about 30 to 90 seconds depends partly on control of the concentration of colloid vehicle in the emulsion, in the case of gelatin there being about to 600 mgs. gelatin per square foot present.
  • concentration of colloid vehicle in the emulsion in the case of gelatin there being about to 600 mgs. gelatin per square foot present.
  • more or less than this amount of colloid vehicle can be used depending, in part, upon the solution penetration and drying properties of the particular hydrophilic colloid vehicles present.
  • larger amounts of faster drying vehicles can be used.
  • the silver halide concentration in the emulsion is maintained in the mentioned range of 300 to 650 mgs. silver per square foot as silver halide so as to provide good image quality in the selected processing time.
  • the developer solution should contain sufficient hardner such as a dialdehyde gelatin hardener to suppress roller pattern and to facilitate transport of the film.
  • the pH of the developer solution should be 9.5 to 10.5 and development is carried out as required, e.g., 10 to 30 seconds, at about 80 to F.
  • fixation and washing times are adjusted as required to remove the residual undeveloped silver halide.
  • 10 to 30 seconds at 80 to 120 F. is adequate for fixation when followed by washing for about 8 to 12 seconds at 80 to 120 F.
  • the drying time and temperature are adjusted to effect complete drying of the emulsion, and ordinarily about 10 to 20 seconds is adequate when drying at temperatures of 120 to 200 F., the emulsion containing the larger amounts of gelatin in the 100 to 600 mgs. range usually requiring the longer drying times.
  • hydrophilic organic colloid vehicle with a silver halide developing solution having a pH of about 9.5 to 10.5 at a temperature of about 80 to 120 F., (2) fixing and washing the developed film at a temperature of about 80 to 120 F. until substantially all solubilized silver salt has been removed from said film and (3) drying the film at a temperature of about 120 to 200 F.
  • hydrophilic organic colloid vehicle with a silver halide developing solution having a pH of about 9.5 to 10.5 at a temperature of about 80 to 120 F., (2) fixing and washing the developed film at a temperature of about 80 to 120 F. until substantially all solubilized silver salt has been removed from said film and (3) drying the film at a temperature of about 120 to 200 F.
  • the developing solution contains about 5 gms. per liter of glutaraldehyde or fl-methyl glutaraldehyde and about 0.1 gm. per liter of sodium Z-anthraquinone sulfonate.
  • time of treatment of the film with the processing solutions and drying is from about to seconds when from about to 600 rngs. per square foot of the colloid vehicle is present in the emulsion layer.
  • colloid vehicle is gelatin present in the amount of about 200 to 500 mgs. per square foot.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US561265A 1966-06-28 1966-06-28 Rapid processing of photographic x-ray film Expired - Lifetime US3545971A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5147045B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE700301A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH472702A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1547808B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1172445A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS49127623A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-04-06 1974-12-06
US3955983A (en) * 1971-04-02 1976-05-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for forming a color image on an exposed photosensitive material
US3966868A (en) * 1974-12-09 1976-06-29 Hope Henry F Strip straightening apparatus, product and method
US4029510A (en) * 1972-07-19 1977-06-14 General Film Development Corporation Multi-solution photographic processing method using multi-component developer compositions
US4177071A (en) * 1976-10-07 1979-12-04 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Rapidly processable radiographic materials
US4313668A (en) * 1977-01-03 1982-02-02 Hope Henry F Control circuit for a film processing apparatus
US4371610A (en) * 1980-07-24 1983-02-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for development-processing silver halide light-sensitive material
EP0071344A1 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-09 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable photographic developer and replenisher therefor
US4391900A (en) * 1981-01-13 1983-07-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for development-processing silver halide light-sensitive material
US4414304A (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-11-08 Eastman Kodak Company Forehardened high aspect ratio silver halide photographic elements and processes for their use
US4416981A (en) * 1982-04-29 1983-11-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Benzothiazoline derivatives as silver halide antifoggants
US4741991A (en) * 1981-07-23 1988-05-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable photographic developer and replenisher therefor
US4839273A (en) * 1986-10-02 1989-06-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for the development of silver halide photographic material
US4847189A (en) * 1987-03-11 1989-07-11 Konica Corporation High speed processing silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US4861702A (en) * 1986-12-08 1989-08-29 Konica Corporation Rapidly processable silver halide photographic light-sensitive material and the processing thereof
USH674H (en) 1986-11-04 1989-09-05 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material capable of super-rapid processing
US4900652A (en) * 1987-07-13 1990-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic element
USH874H (en) * 1986-06-04 1991-01-01 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a silver halide photographic material having a support and at least one hydrophilic colloid layer
USH899H (en) 1986-03-25 1991-03-05 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material feasible for high speed
EP0514675A1 (en) 1991-04-22 1992-11-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic materials and method for processing the same
US5389502A (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-02-14 Eastman Kodak Company Hardening developer for silver halide photography and development method
US5474878A (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-12-12 Konica Corporation Method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
EP0782042A2 (en) 1995-12-27 1997-07-02 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Hydrazine compound and silver halide photographic photosensitive material comprising the same
US5738981A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Films for reproducing medical diagnostic images and processes for their use
US5759754A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-06-02 Eastman Kodak Company Medical diagnostic film for soft tissue imaging
US5952162A (en) * 1996-07-31 1999-09-14 Eastman Kodak Company Films for reproducing medical diagnostic images and processes for their use
US6033840A (en) * 1998-10-14 2000-03-07 Eastman Kodak Company Medical diagnostic film for soft tissue imaging (i)
US6037112A (en) * 1998-10-14 2000-03-14 Eastman Kodak Company Medical diagnostic film for soft tissue imaging (II)
EP1975698A1 (en) 2007-03-23 2008-10-01 FUJIFILM Corporation Method and apparatus for producing conductive material
EP2009977A2 (en) 2007-05-09 2008-12-31 FUJIFILM Corporation Electromagnetic shielding film and optical filter

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5573772U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-11-15 1980-05-21
US4906553A (en) * 1988-05-09 1990-03-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Processing process for silver halide black and white photographic materials

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3303341A (en) * 1964-05-25 1967-02-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method and construction for recording and retrieving information with an electron beam

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3303341A (en) * 1964-05-25 1967-02-07 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Method and construction for recording and retrieving information with an electron beam

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3955983A (en) * 1971-04-02 1976-05-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for forming a color image on an exposed photosensitive material
US4029510A (en) * 1972-07-19 1977-06-14 General Film Development Corporation Multi-solution photographic processing method using multi-component developer compositions
JPS49127623A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-04-06 1974-12-06
US3966868A (en) * 1974-12-09 1976-06-29 Hope Henry F Strip straightening apparatus, product and method
US4177071A (en) * 1976-10-07 1979-12-04 Agfa-Gevaert, N.V. Rapidly processable radiographic materials
US4313668A (en) * 1977-01-03 1982-02-02 Hope Henry F Control circuit for a film processing apparatus
US4371610A (en) * 1980-07-24 1983-02-01 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for development-processing silver halide light-sensitive material
US4391900A (en) * 1981-01-13 1983-07-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for development-processing silver halide light-sensitive material
US4741991A (en) * 1981-07-23 1988-05-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable photographic developer and replenisher therefor
EP0071344A1 (en) * 1981-07-23 1983-02-09 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stable photographic developer and replenisher therefor
US4414304A (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-11-08 Eastman Kodak Company Forehardened high aspect ratio silver halide photographic elements and processes for their use
DE3241640C3 (de) * 1981-11-12 2003-07-03 Eastman Kodak Co Photographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial und Verwendung desselben auf dem Gebiet der Radiographie
US4416981A (en) * 1982-04-29 1983-11-22 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Co. Benzothiazoline derivatives as silver halide antifoggants
USH899H (en) 1986-03-25 1991-03-05 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Light-sensitive silver halide photographic material feasible for high speed
USH874H (en) * 1986-06-04 1991-01-01 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a silver halide photographic material having a support and at least one hydrophilic colloid layer
US4839273A (en) * 1986-10-02 1989-06-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for the development of silver halide photographic material
USH674H (en) 1986-11-04 1989-09-05 Konica Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material capable of super-rapid processing
US4861702A (en) * 1986-12-08 1989-08-29 Konica Corporation Rapidly processable silver halide photographic light-sensitive material and the processing thereof
US4847189A (en) * 1987-03-11 1989-07-11 Konica Corporation High speed processing silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US4900652A (en) * 1987-07-13 1990-02-13 Eastman Kodak Company Radiographic element
EP0514675A1 (en) 1991-04-22 1992-11-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic materials and method for processing the same
US5474878A (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-12-12 Konica Corporation Method for processing a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US5389502A (en) * 1994-02-08 1995-02-14 Eastman Kodak Company Hardening developer for silver halide photography and development method
EP0782042A2 (en) 1995-12-27 1997-07-02 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Hydrazine compound and silver halide photographic photosensitive material comprising the same
US5759754A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-06-02 Eastman Kodak Company Medical diagnostic film for soft tissue imaging
US5952162A (en) * 1996-07-31 1999-09-14 Eastman Kodak Company Films for reproducing medical diagnostic images and processes for their use
US5738981A (en) * 1996-07-31 1998-04-14 Eastman Kodak Company Films for reproducing medical diagnostic images and processes for their use
US6033840A (en) * 1998-10-14 2000-03-07 Eastman Kodak Company Medical diagnostic film for soft tissue imaging (i)
US6037112A (en) * 1998-10-14 2000-03-14 Eastman Kodak Company Medical diagnostic film for soft tissue imaging (II)
EP1975698A1 (en) 2007-03-23 2008-10-01 FUJIFILM Corporation Method and apparatus for producing conductive material
EP2009977A2 (en) 2007-05-09 2008-12-31 FUJIFILM Corporation Electromagnetic shielding film and optical filter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1547808A1 (de) 1969-12-04
BE700301A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1967-12-01
DE1547808B2 (de) 1977-04-07
JPS5147045B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-12-13
GB1172445A (en) 1969-11-26
CH472702A (fr) 1969-05-15

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