US3538656A - Prefabricated sectional elements for chimneys and dropping-chutes - Google Patents

Description

PREFABRICATED SECTIONAL ELEMENTS FOR CHIMNEYS AND DROPPING-CHUTES Filed June 20, 1967 H. G. ANGER Nov. 10, 1970 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FiG. 3

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Hans G. Anyer vmnh r '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fidns G.. Anger- "'VOn/or Ty Q Nov. 10, 1970 H. ca. ANGER I PREFABRICATED SECTIONAL ELEMENTS FOR CHIMNEYS AND DROPPING-CHUTES Filed June 20, 1967 Fial.

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US. Cl. 52-219 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Prefabricated story high chimney and chute elements are provided having a unitary inner tube, a umtary concrete outer jacket and an intermediate isolating layer.

The present invention relates to prefabricated chimneys and the like, especially to prefabricated sectional elements for chimneys for general use in building structures, for chimneys exposed to intensive heat and for droppingchutes; each sectional element consisting of three layers; an inner tube forming a flue for smoke or serving as a dropping-chute, a middle isolating layer and an outer 'acket. 1 It is known to build up chimney stacks at building sites composed of fire bricks or of shaped fire clay blocks of short lengths (about /2 m.) or consisting of light concrete simultaneously with the installation of the adjacent brickwork of the building structure. These built up structures are designated one layer construction.

These stacks possess the disadvantage and the danger of developing fissures and a resulting porosity permitting the passage of flue gas and the penetration of tarry combustion by-products, as well as a low thermal insulation value.

It is known, also, to build up chimney stacks and dropping-chutes at the building site with an inner layer forming a heat-resisting inner casing, an isolating layer of thermal insulating matter or an air layer surrounding this inner casing, and with an outer jacket of bricks or off shaped blocks from light concrete, in short lengths of about /2 m. A fabrication such as this is called threelayered construction.

These fabrications, or installations, of three layers offer the advantage that the danger of developing fissures and porosity permitting the passage of flue gases and a penetration by tarry residues is diminished, but cannot, due to the existence of many joints, totally be eliminated. Also, due to the expensive skilled workers necessary at the building site, the construction is uneconomic and exposed to all the negative influences of work carried out on the building site, e.g., unfavorable influences of the weather.

and insufficient possibilities of control.

An important purpose of this invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the construction described above and to construct prefabricated sectional elements for chimney stacks and dropping-chutes which can be prefabricated in a factory or in the workshop and has merely to be set up on the building site even though each prefabricated sectional element may be so large and heavy that it may require the use of lifting equipment on the construction ground.

It is also a purpose of this invention to construct the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes in such a way that no sediments can settle on them so that they can be cleaned easily and that the parts forming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes show the greatest resistance possible against exterior lateral forces.

Generally speaking, the problems set out above are most advantageously solved by providing a chimney, or chute, having a story high prefabricated outer jacket, self-supporting under the condition of transportation or installation, formed from aprefabricated 0ne-piece section consisting of reinforced concrete and an inner tubular shell, also story high and preferably cylindrical, made of one piece or of a plurality of elements firmly joined together in a workshop to form a unitary whole. The inner tubes forming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes advantageously consist of several surmounting shaped fire clay blocks of commercial size firmly joined to form a single unit extending over the entire height of the outer jacket. The inner tubes forming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes can consist of metal tubes.

The inner metal tubes forming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes reach over the entire height of each prefabricated section element and normally consist of a single tube, although they may be composed of a plurality of firmly joined individual tubes or segments of tubes. In the reinforced concrete outer jacket curved or rectilinear passageways are provided. Normally, these passageways are circular or rectangular or quadradic in cross section and extend over the entire height of the prefabricated section of concrete thereby forming ventilation-fiues or other types of passageways. Each prefabricated outer jacket may contain a plurality of smoke-fines or droppingchutes and ventilation-fines or like passageways and mate with like passageways in adjacent units. The inner tubes forming the smoke-fines or dropping-chutes can consist of tubes of synthetic material such as tubes of thermoset resins which may consist of a single tube or may be made up of a plurality of firmly connected tubes. I On the head part of the reinforced concrete outer acket, a gripping means is providing to facilitate installation or erection of the sectional elements such as advantageously a loop in a reinforcing bar for the concrete.

The prefabricated sectional elements are provided with all the needed cutouts such as cleaning doors, dropping ports, and the like, as conditions require. The head and base of the outer jacket and the inner tubes are provided with interlocking protrusions or slots for connecting adacent sectional elements. The part extending above the roof of the building structure is provided with a weatherproof, decorative covering such as a brick outer shell or a coating of paint. The outer jacket is provided, most advantageously, with a smooth, paperable surface, saving an aftertreatment, and is equipped with protecting shaped steel edges.

The usage of a story high reinforced concrete casing, self-supporting under the condition of transportation or installation, forming a prefabricated unitary sectional element in one piece, according to the invention gives the advantage that all Work on the building site, except for the installation of the prefabricated structural unit, is eliminated, by means of which a high degree of uniformity in quality and an economic production is obtainable.

While the invention is most advantageously used in a multiple story building, it will be apparent many of the advantages of the invention are obtained in a single story building. A flue with a circular cross section is preferred for it has the advantage of giving the best conditions for a good draft and optimum cross section for a given circumference. A circular tubbe, also, has the advantage that it can be cleaned easily and that no sediments of cinders can settle therein.

The particular prefabricated sectional elements are built up, for example, as follows: The story high inner tube is made up of surmounting conventional lengths of fire clay tubing firmly joined together at the fabricating center to form a unitary whole and, at the same time,

cutouts for smoke flue openings, cleaning-doors or dropping ports are provided as when casting the individual units. In the same way, tubes consisting of metal or plastic may be joined to reach a length equal to the height of a prefabricated sectional element. This inner tube is advantageously covered with insulating material and in the lower part is provided with tacking wire, fagotting, or the like, with the ends extending outwardly and are anchored afterwards to the outer jacket of reinforced concrete during the pouring of the concrete. This inner tube is then covered with an isolating material, provided with a bearing spindle and then is used as an inner core for inserting inside a standing or horizontal concrete pouring form. Around this inner core is laid a reinforcing mat for the concrete to which the installation gripping means are attached as, for instance, a loop in a rod in the reinforcing mat for the concrete.

The space between the inner core and the concrete pouring form is then filled by pouring in concrete, which is condensed and compacted by vibrating the form so that the inner tube forming the smoke-fiues or droppingchutes is fixed and held elastically. The insulating layer or isolating layer or both may be elastic so as to provide for differences between the coeflicient of expansion between the inner tube and the outer jacket. The obtained contact pressure is stronger than the specific weight of the inner tubes so that a slipping out of the inner tubes is avoided either during lifting, transportation or installation. The isolating layer has no capillarity and the moisture present during the pouring of the concrete, or during the process of setting thereof, is not absorbed by the isolating layer. It will be understood the isolating layer may serve an insulating function and may be impervious to water or moisture.

The necessary ventilation or other passageways in the concrete are formed as hollow concrete cross sections by providing cores therein which are withdrawn at the beginning of the hardening of the concrete.

The outer jacket, also, can be constructed as a hollow cross section of reinforced concrete independent of the inner core, and the inner tube with an isolating layer can be put in this outer jacket afterwards.

The prefabricated sectional element hereof can be used in the following ways:

(1) As chimneys of building structures, as chimneys for firing installations where intense heat is developed, either annexed or as a free-standing form. In old buildings the prefabricated sectional elements can be inserted for supplementary purposes.

(2) As dropping chutes for garbage, laundry, paper and other material to be dropped.

In the drawings, several illustrative exemplifications of the invention are described.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 shows an elevational fragmentary view of a building structure with a chimney consisting of a plurality of single story-high prefabricated sectional elements;

FIG. 2 shows an elevational fragmentary view of a building structure with a dropping-chute consisting of a plurality of single story-high prefabricated sectional elements;

FIG. 3 shows an elevational view of a free-standing chimney, part as a sectional view, consisting of prefab ricated sectional elements;

FIG. 4 shows in longitudinal cross section a single story-high prefabricated sectional element with an inner tube forming a smoke-flue or a dropping-chute consisting of a unitary tube made up of superimposed shaped fire clay tubes;

FIG. 5 shows in longitudinal cross section a different example of a fragmentary view of single story-high prefabricated sectional element with a smoke-flue or a dropping-chute consisting of a metal tube;

FIG. 6 shows a horizontal cross section along line D-D of FIG. 4;

A FIGS. 7 to 10 show several different modifications in horizontal cross section of the prefabricated sectional elements, as illustrated in FIG. 4;

FIG. 11 shows a fragmentary vertical cross section through part A of the chimney head according to FIG. 1,

on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 12 shows in fragmentary vertical cross section the transition from a prefabricated sectional element with a thinner isolating layer to a sectional element with a thicker isolating layer, as illustrated at B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 shows in cross section a different example of a chimney head according to FIG. 11;

FIG. 14 shows a fragmentary view of the construction of the joint between a head and a base of two mating prefabricated sectional elements;

FIG. 15 shows a vertical fragmentary view in cross section of an opening into a smoke-flue.

The chimney stack of a building shown in FIG. 1 consists of a plurality of a single story-high prefabricated sectional elements 1 provided with a smoke-flue connection openings 2 and a ventilation-openings 3 built in during the prefabrication. In the prefabricated section ele ments 4 and 5, respectively, going through the cellar and the loft, chimney-flue cleaning doors 6 and ventilation cleaning doors 7 likewise are built in during the prefabrication.

Each story-high prefabricated sectional element 1 (FIGS. 1 to 10) consists of an outer jacket 9 of concrete reinforced with a reinforcing steel mat 10, which renders each section self-supporting under the condition of transportation and installation, and is provided with ventilating-fines 11 spaced inwardly from the walls thereof.

The inner tubes or cylinders 13 forming the smoke-fines 12 consist of a plurality of superimposed preformed fire clay tubes of commercial size firmly joined together in a workshop or factory with ring-shaped joints in a known way to form a unitary tube equalling in length the entire height of the prefabricated section. These prefabricated tubes are covered with an isolating layer 14, as described above. Alternatively, the inner tubes forming the smokeflues or chutes may consist of a single metal tube 23 or may consist of a plurality of metal tubes firmly joined together to have a length equal to the height of a single story.

The prefabricated sectional elements can contain one or several smoke-fines 12 and ventilation-fines 11 which mate with adjacent sections and can have different forms of cross section (see FIGS. 6 to 10).

The edges of the reinforced concrete outer jacket 9 are provided with protective metal or the like (not shown).

As shown, the head-part of the chimney extending above the roof is provided with a weatherproof ornamental dressing 8 and is covered with a cover plate 15 and is provided with a hardened sheet-metal socket 16 (FIGS. 11 and 13), in order to cover an expansion joint 17 of the inner tube 13 which joint is provided to enable an expansion of the inner tube due to an increase in temperature.

As shown in FIG. 12, when using a thick isolating region 14, as in a loft or attic, a transition is provided located adjacent to the juncture between the sectional elements.

Also, as shown in FIG. 13, in the head of each prefabricated sectional element 1, 4 and 5, installation loops 18 are provided for seizure by the lifting or erecting apparatus, such as a derrick. These installation loops ad vantageously are attached to, or are a part of, the reinforcing mat or network used in the fabrication of the reinforced concrete outer jacket and fit into a cutout region as shown at 19.

FIG. 14 illustrates a construction of a slot and feather joint of the inner tube 13 forming the smoke-flue 12 and of the reinforced concrete outer jacket 9, which prevents the passage of both heat and sound.

FIG. 15 shows the construction of a smoke-flue connection opening 2.

The joining of the single story-high prefabricated sectional elements 1 results from a tensioned connection produced by steel inserts poured into through-going passageways with the necessary length of coverage, which are not shown in the drawings. Also, prestressing reinforcement can be inserted into prestressing channels, not shown in the drawings, and afterwards the whole chimney can be prestressed. In special cases, the forces occurring can be transmitted by the prestressing reinforcement applied directly to the foundations.

FIG. 3 shows a free-standing chimney stack, consisting of prefabricated section elements 1.

In FIG. 2 a different example of the use of a storyhigh prefabricated sectional elements for a dropping-chute is shown. In the lowest story, a discharge outlet 20 is provided and in the prefabricated sectional elements 1 of the upper stories dropping ports 21 and control lids 22 are provided.

The structural nature of the prefabricated sectional elements when used as dropping-chutes is the same as that shown in FIGS. 4 to 10 for chimneys. In this latter case the isolating layer 14 serves as a sound isolation and the ventilation-fines 11 make it possible to dissipate odors over the roof of the building.

I claim:

1. A prefabricated sectional element for use in association with a building for the construction of vertical chimneys, chutes and the like, comprising: a prefabricated structural unit having a length equal to a single story height of a building, and having a unitary inner tube, an elastic thermal isolating layer laterally surrounding and longitudinally coextensive with the inner tube and being compressed thereon, a reinforced concrete outer jacket laterally surrounding the elastic thermal isolating layer and longitudinally coextensive and coterminal with the inner tube and with the isolating layer, the isolating layer being compressed inwardly by the concrete jacket, thereby forming a unit being self-supporting during transportation and erection, wherein an upper longitudinal end of the unit comprises a tongue and wherein a lower longitudinal end of the unit comprises a groove cooperating with the tongue, wherein the tongue is formed by a raised inner end portion of the reinforced concrete outer jacket and raised outer end portion of the inner tube, and by a relatively depressed outer peripheral portion of an upper edge of the reinforced concrete jacket and a relatively depressed inner edge of the inner tube and wherein the groove is formed of a downward extended outer peripheral portion of the reinforced concrete jacket and a downward extended inner edge of the inner tube.

2. A prefabricated sectional element for use in association with a building for the construction of vertical chimneys, chutes and the like, comprising: a prefabri cated structural unit having a length equal to a single story height of a building, and having a unitary inner tube, an elastic thermal isolating layer laterally surrounding and longitudinally coextensive with the inner tube and being compressed thereon, a reinforced concrete outer jacket laterally surrounding the elastic thermal isolating layer and longitudinally coextensive and coterminal with the inner tube and with the isolating layer, the isolating layer being compressed inwardly by the concrete jacket, thereby forming a unit being self-supporting during transportation and erection, wherein the inner tube of the element has an upper edge which is spaced downward from an upper edge of the concrete jacket, and further comprising cap means overlying upper end of the upper element and having sleeve means extending into the tube whereby the tube may expand longitudinally outside of the sleeve means.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 865,372 9/1907 Flynn 52-218 2,140,773 12/ 1938 Slayter et al. 52268 2,358,750 9/1944 Walker et al 52122 3,301,249 1/1967 Hendricks 522l8 FRANK L. ABBOTT, Primary Examiner S. D. BURKE, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 52606

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