US3520155A - Raschel knit fabric and method of making the same - Google Patents

Raschel knit fabric and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3520155A
US3520155A US719167A US3520155DA US3520155A US 3520155 A US3520155 A US 3520155A US 719167 A US719167 A US 719167A US 3520155D A US3520155D A US 3520155DA US 3520155 A US3520155 A US 3520155A
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United States
Prior art keywords
threads
standing
thread
fabric
strands
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Expired - Lifetime
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US719167A
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English (en)
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Peter Koppenburg
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
    • A44B—BUTTONS, PINS, BUCKLES, SLIDE FASTENERS, OR THE LIKE
    • A44B19/00—Slide fasteners
    • A44B19/24—Details
    • A44B19/34—Stringer tapes; Flaps secured to stringers for covering the interlocking members
    • A44B19/343—Knitted stringer tapes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
    • D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B39/00—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for
    • D04B39/06—Knitting processes, apparatus or machines not otherwise provided for adapted for combined knitting and weaving
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
    • D10B2403/02411—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties with a single array of unbent yarn, e.g. unidirectional reinforcement fabrics

Definitions

  • the fabric is knitted on a Raschel machine having a single needle bed, a fall plate, and three or four guide bars respectively supplying threads for the warp stitches, laid-in threads and standing threads in a knitting cycle requiring two forth-andback swinging movements of the guide bars, and a;laying-in motion including an overlap and an underlap.
  • the invention relates to a warp-knitted fabric, and to a method of operating a Raschel knitting machine in making the fabric.
  • the invention is particularly concerned with knitted fabrics in which wales of warp stitches are connected coursewise by laid-in threads and are provided with one or more standing threads between the wales.
  • Such fabrics combine some of the advantages of woven and knitted fabrics in a known manner. They can be produced at the high rates inherent in the knitting machines employed, have a dimensional stability closer to that of woven fabrics of comparable weight than to that of ordinary knitted fabrics, and can be prepared from a high percentage of yarns coarser and, therefore, less costly than the yarns needed to produce ordinary knitted fabrics of comparable weight.
  • the strands of laid-in threads which are associated with each standing thread in the fabric of the invention constitute pairs of strands which are juxtaposed walewise and offset walewise in the same direction from both strands of the adjacent pairs of strands.
  • One strand of each pair passes over the associated standing thread if the other strand of the pair passes over the standing thread, or both strands pass under the standing thread.
  • the strands of each pair pass under the standing thread if the strands of at least one adjacent pair pass over the strand, and vice versa.
  • Such a fabric is readily made on a conventional Raschel knitting machine equipped with at least three guide bars and a fall plate or its equivalent.
  • the guide bars include a first bar threaded with thread for making warp stitches, the second guide bar with laying-in thread, and the third guide bar with standing threads.
  • the guide bars are swung back and forth twice between the needles during the knitting of one course of stitches by the first guide bar.
  • the second guide bar is moved after the first backward swinging move ment to perform an overlap while shogging movement of the first and third guide bars is avoided.
  • the fall plate is then lowered to depress the laying-in threads to the shafts of the needles.
  • the first guide bar After the second backward swinging movement the first guide bar is moved to perform an overlap, but not the second and third guide bars.
  • the third guide bar is moved prior to the first and second backward swinging movements to perform an underlap in such a direction as to shift the standing threads, which initially are located behind the laying-in threads to a position in front of the laying-in threads.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show knitting elements of a Raschel knitting machine in perspective fragmentary views in three successive operating positions
  • FIGS. 4, 6, 8 and 10 are loop diagrams of fabrics of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5, 7, 9 and 11 are point paper diagrams of lapping movements on the knitting machine of FIGS. 1 to 3, and its analogs, as used in knitting the fabrics of FIGS. 4, 6, 8 and 10, respectively.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show as much of an otherwise conventional Raschel knitting machine as is necessary for an understanding of this invention, the illustrated knitting implements of the machine being shown in three consecutive operating positions in FIGS. 1 to 3, respectively.
  • the knitting implements include needles 1 having latches 5 and being mounted in a common single needle bed (not shown), and three yarn guides I, II, III associated with each needle 1, the yarn guides being mounted on three, non-illustrated guide bars in a conventional manner for joint swinging movement back and forth through the row of needles 1, and for individual shogging movement of each guide bar.
  • the machine also is provided with a fall plate 3.
  • the three yarn guides are fully threaded, and the needle bed is fully set with latch needles 1.
  • the yarn guides I provide threads 6 for forming wales of warp stitches 2, the yarn guides II provide laying-in threads 4, and the yarn guides III provide stationary or standing threads 7 which do not participate in the stitch formation.
  • the knitting implements operate as follows:
  • the guide bars swing twice forth and back during the knitting of each course of stitches. Only the second guide bar, carrying the yarn guides II, makes an overlap during or after the first swinging backward movement. Only the guide bar carrying the yarn guides I performs an overlap during or after the second backward swinging movement.
  • the third guide bar carrying the yarn guides III makes an underlap before the first and second backward swinging movements in such a manner that each standing thread which is initially guided behind the laid-in thread is located in front of the laid-in thread.
  • the cycle will be assumed to start with the descending movement of the needles 1 into their lowermost position and the knocking over of previously formed stitches 2.
  • the second guide bar (II) performs an underlap by one needle space toward the left, as viewed in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the third guide bar (III) performs an underlap to the left by one needle space to avoid engagement of the standing threads 7 by the laying-in threads of the guide bar II.
  • the first guide bar I performs an overlap toward the left by one needle space.
  • FIGS. 4, 6, 8 and 10 Modifications of the fabric produced in the manner described above are illustrated in FIGS. 4, 6, 8 and 10, the corresponding guide bar movement being indicated diagrammatically in FIGS. 5, 7, 9 and 11, respectively.
  • the fabric illustrated in FIG. 4 is formed generally as described above but the interference-avoiding movement of the second guide bar II is performed toward the left, and the warp stitches 2 are formed by the guide bar I in the opposite direction.
  • Each laid-in thread 4 connects the stitches 2 of a pair of adjacent wales.
  • Two strands of each laid-in thread 4 which are associated with the same standing thread 7 form pairs whose members both pass under or over the associated standing thread, the successive pairs of strands alternatingly passing over and under the standing thread.
  • FIG. 6 The fabric illustrated in FIG. 6 was made on a machine 4 differing from that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 by the provision of a fourth guide bar IV threaded with standing threads 8, and operated in a manner analogous to that described above, as is evident from the diagram of FIG. 7.
  • Each laid-in thread 4 connects the stitches 2 of two adjacent wales, and passes coursewise over two standing threads 7, 8 between the wales in multiple strands of whichtwo in walewise succession pass over a standing thread and the next two under the same thread. Every fourth strand passes over both standing threads, two strands out of each consecutive four strands pass over only one of the standing threads 7, 8 and under the other standingthread, and the fourth strand passes under both standing threads, thereby securely anchoring both standing threads and reducing the elasticity of the fabric to an even greater extent than is achieved by the fabric shown in FIG. 4, and the analogous fabric produced by the method illustrated in detail in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the fabric illustrated in FIG. 8 is provided with two standing threads 7, 8 between each pair of juxtaposed wales of stitches 2 in the manner of FIG. 6, but each laidin thread 4 connects three juxtaposed wales, whereby two laid-in threads are associated with the standing threads between adjacent wales, every strand of one laid-in thread passing over one standing thread and under the other standing thread, and the relationship being reversed with the other laid-in thread.
  • Each coursewise strand of layingin thread passes over one and under the other standing thread.
  • the fabric shown in FIG. 10 is closely similar to that illustrated in FIG. 8 but the modified lapping movements of the guide bars shown in FIG. 11 produce a pattern in which pairs of laying-in strands passing over a standing thread alternate with two pairs passing under the standing thread and vice versa.
  • the standing threads are located on the back of the fabric. It is a basic feature of the method of the invention that the laying-in motions are not performed in a single underlap, as is conventional, but in two movements, the first constituting an overlap and the second an underlap so that the guide bars located behind the laying-in bar may position their standing threads in such a manner that they appear on the front face of the fabric if the associated guide bars avoid their engagement with the laying-in threads by an endwise movement, or on the back of the fabric, if such an endwise movement does not take place.
  • the standing thread or threads arranged between adjacent wales of warp stitches increase the stability of the fabric beyond that available from wales of stitches which are held together by laid-in threads alone.
  • the tensile strength of the fabric in a walewise direction is greatly increased by the standing threads.
  • the transverse stability can be increased by lengthening the laying-in motions, as needed.
  • a single set of laying-in threads is sufficient for holding the standing threads in position because the standing threads are readily located in front or behind the individual coursewise strands of laying-in thread.
  • the standing threads may be located mainly on one or the other face of the fabric to protect the other threads against wear without reducing the stability of the fabric which is mainly provided by the wales of warp stitches and the laying-in threads. The latter are protected against wear by the standing threads, and are fully exposed only after a major portion of the standing threads has been worn out.
  • the standing threads are only of secondary importance in maintaining the transverse elasticity and stretchability of the fabric, and in retaining the threads in the desired spatial relationship.
  • a warp knit fabric having a plurality of juxtaposed wales of warp stitches, standing threads interposed between adjacent wales, and a plurality of laid-in threads having coursewise strands which connect the juxtaposed wales, a plurality of said coursewise strands passing over and under each of said standing threads, the coursewise strands associated with the same standing thread being offset walewise from each other, the improvement which comprises:
  • said standing threads including two standing threads interposed coursewise between the wales of each pair of adjacently juxtaposed wales.
  • each of said laidin threads connecting three juxtaposed wales of warp stitches and two of said standing threads respectively interposed between the first and second and between the second and third of said wales, each coursewise strand of said laid-in thread passing over one of said two standing threads and under the other standing thread.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
US719167A 1967-04-20 1968-04-05 Raschel knit fabric and method of making the same Expired - Lifetime US3520155A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM0073680 1967-04-20
DEM0076800 1968-01-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3520155A true US3520155A (en) 1970-07-14

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US719167A Expired - Lifetime US3520155A (en) 1967-04-20 1968-04-05 Raschel knit fabric and method of making the same

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3520155A (es)
BE (1) BE713723A (es)
CH (1) CH480479A (es)
DE (2) DE1635853B1 (es)
ES (1) ES352923A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1215811A (es)
NL (1) NL143289B (es)
NO (1) NO123653B (es)
SE (1) SE328955B (es)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3665733A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-05-30 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus and method for warp knitting a simulated woven fabric
US3675447A (en) * 1970-06-26 1972-07-11 Union Carbide Corp Simulated-weave, warp-knit fabric, and method for making the same
US3703820A (en) * 1970-09-24 1972-11-28 Union Carbide Corp Foundation garment and method of making same
US3728876A (en) * 1969-07-11 1973-04-24 J Richard Warp knitted fabric
US3840946A (en) * 1970-04-04 1974-10-15 Opti Holding Ag Slide fastener with coupling coils on knitted tapes
US3849842A (en) * 1971-08-18 1974-11-26 Yoshida Kogyo Kk Slide fasteners
US3884054A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-05-20 Schlafhorst & Co W Knit fabric incorporating a warp stitch weave
US4467625A (en) * 1983-11-02 1984-08-28 Milton Kurz Two bar warp-knitted loop fabric

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2968085A (en) * 1959-03-06 1961-01-17 Firth Carpet Company Inc Knitted pile fabric with improved longitudinal stability
US3073140A (en) * 1957-12-07 1963-01-15 Gardisette Werk Dr Baier & Co Warp knit fabric and method
US3314123A (en) * 1962-12-08 1967-04-18 Le Textile Delcer Sa Method of knitting fabrics without permanent deformation

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US310679A (en) * 1885-01-13 Half to irenaeus conder

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3073140A (en) * 1957-12-07 1963-01-15 Gardisette Werk Dr Baier & Co Warp knit fabric and method
US2968085A (en) * 1959-03-06 1961-01-17 Firth Carpet Company Inc Knitted pile fabric with improved longitudinal stability
US3314123A (en) * 1962-12-08 1967-04-18 Le Textile Delcer Sa Method of knitting fabrics without permanent deformation

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3728876A (en) * 1969-07-11 1973-04-24 J Richard Warp knitted fabric
US3840946A (en) * 1970-04-04 1974-10-15 Opti Holding Ag Slide fastener with coupling coils on knitted tapes
US3675447A (en) * 1970-06-26 1972-07-11 Union Carbide Corp Simulated-weave, warp-knit fabric, and method for making the same
US3665733A (en) * 1970-07-16 1972-05-30 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus and method for warp knitting a simulated woven fabric
US3703820A (en) * 1970-09-24 1972-11-28 Union Carbide Corp Foundation garment and method of making same
US3849842A (en) * 1971-08-18 1974-11-26 Yoshida Kogyo Kk Slide fasteners
US3884054A (en) * 1973-12-10 1975-05-20 Schlafhorst & Co W Knit fabric incorporating a warp stitch weave
US4467625A (en) * 1983-11-02 1984-08-28 Milton Kurz Two bar warp-knitted loop fabric

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES352923A1 (es) 1970-01-16
SE328955B (es) 1970-09-28
DE1635853B1 (de) 1970-08-27
NL6805290A (es) 1968-10-21
CH480479A (de) 1969-10-31
BE713723A (es) 1968-09-16
DE1635877B1 (de) 1971-05-13
GB1215811A (en) 1970-12-16
NL143289B (nl) 1974-09-16
NO123653B (es) 1971-12-27

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