US3518868A - Straightening machine and method - Google Patents

Straightening machine and method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3518868A
US3518868A US697076A US3518868DA US3518868A US 3518868 A US3518868 A US 3518868A US 697076 A US697076 A US 697076A US 3518868D A US3518868D A US 3518868DA US 3518868 A US3518868 A US 3518868A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
work piece
crankshaft
crank arm
straightening machine
orbital
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US697076A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Don A Cargill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DON A CARGILL
Original Assignee
DON A CARGILL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DON A CARGILL filed Critical DON A CARGILL
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3518868A publication Critical patent/US3518868A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
    • B29C37/02—Deburring or deflashing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
    • B21D1/02—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling by rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
    • B21D3/02—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers
    • B21D3/08—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts by rollers which move in an orbit without rotating round the work
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
    • G01M1/30—Compensating imbalance

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A straightening machine and method in which a central portion of the neutral axis of a work piece is deflected beyond yield point in a gradually diminishing orbital path while the ends are restrained against radial movement including a crank arm clamped at one end to the work piece and at the other end to a crankshaft having a variable eccentric actuated by cam and roller elements through axial shifting of an hydraulic cylinder piston rod between maximum and zero eccentric positions and an intermediate bearing guide for the crank arm trans lating the variable eccentric movement at the crankshaft to a corresponding orbital movement of the work piece axis without rotation of the work piece about its own axis.
  • This invention relates to straightening machines and methods for correcting work pieces having distorted neutral axes through cyclical deflection of the neutral axis in an orbital path centered on the true neutral axis. Increase of deflection to an amplitude extending through the yield point of a work piece having a true neutral axis is relied upon to stress beyond yield point a distorted work piece in the direction required to straighten the neutral axis and gradual relaxation of the deflection through reduction of the orbital displacement is relied upon to automatically straighten within a predetermined tolerance limitation. More particularly the present invention is adapted to impart such orbital deflection without rotation of the work piece about its own axis while confining longitudinally spaced portions of the work piece from radial displacement of the neutral axis.
  • the machine of the present invention employs a crank arm one end of which may be rigidly clamped to a work piece intermediate its length, for example centrally of its longitudinal neutral axis, While the ends of the Work piece are held in spherical bearings restraining radial displacement.
  • the other end of the crank arm is actuated by a crankshaft provided with a variable eccentric bearing ranging from O to a maximum required deflection dimension.
  • a guide bearing is provided confining such portion of the crank arms movement to longitudinal reciprocating movement thereby 3,518,868 Patented July 7, 1970 translating the variable circular orbital movement at the crankshaft end of the crank arm into a similar opposite orbital movement of the work piece neutral axis, the respective orbital amplitudes being approximately equal when the intermediate guide bearing is located at the mid point between the axis of the crankshaft and neutral axis of the work piece.
  • the method of the invention is characterized by producing a relative orbital deflection or displacement of longitudinally spaced portions of the work piece about a nominal correct neutral axis independently of any rotation of the work piece per se about its own axis whereby the eccentricity or bending of the work piece will proceed continuously throughout all radial directions relative to the correct neutral axis so that any initial distortion in the work piece will produce a maximum displacement beyond yield point in the direction opposite to such distortion so that when orbiting of the neutral axis is first increased to the yield point and then gradually reduced a straightening action will result.
  • FIG. 1 FIG. 2
  • FIG. 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 44 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line 55 of FIG. 1 and also along the line 55 of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 66 of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a partially sectioned view taken along the line 77 of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 8-8 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 9-9 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the clamping mechanism per se shown at the right hand end of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 11 is an end view taken along the line 1111 of FIG. 10 (also forming an enlarged fragmentary view) taken along the line 11-41 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged fragmentary view of control elements shown at the left hand end of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the principal operating elements.
  • the basic actuating elements schematically shown include drive motor A, gearing B, crankshaft C, crank arm D, adapted through bearing means not shown to impart a variable orbital movement to the neutral axis of an elongated work piece E rigidly clamped at one end of the crank arm D, the outer ends of the work piece E being retained in spherical bearings P which accommodate angular variation of the work piece axis as required by the orbital movement imparted to the center thereof while restraining such ends from radial movement relative to the axis.
  • FIGS. 123 corresponding elements are similarly identified and in addition are shown an actuating power and control unit G for varying the effective eccentricity of the crankshaft and orbital stroke, and a guide bearing H for controlling crank arm movement imparted to the work piece. Further elements illustrated in FIGS. 1-2-3 will be better understood and described following an explanation of certain of the sectional views which most clearly illustrate the working elements and relationships.
  • the heart of the method of the present invention lies in imparting an orbital movement to the neutral axis of a work piece (rigidly clamped between jaws which at its maximum equals or exceeds the elastic limit or yield point of a work piece relative to its true neutral axis and in gradually diminishing the amplitude of such orbital path at a rate per cycle related to the allowable tolerance variation of the work piece axis from the nominal true neutral axis; while the heart of mechanism of the invention employed for practicing the method in the preferred embodiment lies in means for imparting a variable orbital path to the crankshaft end 21 of the crank arm D and translating such orbital movement into a similar orbital movement of the jaws 20 through the instrumentality of a guide bearing H accommodating a longitudinal and rocking movement at the center of the crank arm.
  • Variable displacement for effective crankshaft throw is accomplished by modifying the eccentricity of a crankshaft ring 22 rotatable within bearing 23 in the crankshaft end 21 of the crank arm D through reciprocal movement of shaft 24 and yoke 25 attached to the end thereof moving roller shaft 26 and cam rollers 27, 28 journaled thereon which engage respectively horizontal cam tracks 29 located within the rectangular shaft 30 rigidly connecting annular crankshaft shoulders 31 and cooperating inclined cam tracks 32 extending through the ring 22.
  • the annular rings 31 are rigidly mounted to a driving hub 33 secured to the end of the hollow drive shaft 34 mounted within heavy duty roller bearings 35 and a sleeve bearing 36 within stationary housing 37.
  • An outboard bearing 39 is preferably provided for a shaft extension 39 of the outboard annular crankshaft shoulder 31 in order to provide additional frame support 40 against deflection of the crankshaft assembly during rotation produced by worm gear 41, driven by worm 42, shaft 43, pulley drive 44 and motor A (see FIG. I).
  • the eccentricity of the ring 22 relative to the crankshaft axis which determines the effective throw and orbital path of the crankshaft end 21 is thus established by the position of the rollers 27 and 28 along the respective divergent cam tracks 29 and 32 which are positioned through shaft 24 and rotatable coupling 45 by hydraulic cylinder 46 and piston rod 47 under limit switch control as hereinafter described.
  • crank arm D is provided with large rollers 48 mounted on stub shafts 49 extending from either side of the crank arm D engaging guide tracks 50 carried by stationary frame 51, such rollers and guide tracks serving to accommodate longitudinal and rocking movement of the crank arm D producing an effective orbital movement of the center 52 between jaw 20 opposite and substantially equal to the corresponding orbital movement at the crankshaft end of the arm D.
  • bearing blocks 53 carried within rigid box frame elements 54 serve to guide the crank arm and maintain operating alignment of the jaws with the crankshaft.
  • the work piece engaging jaws 20 are secured to a pair of bell crank arms 55a, 55b pivoted on a common central shaft 56 seated in a jaw retaining head 57 mounted on the outer end 58 of the crank arm D.
  • the jaw actuating cylinder mechanism I mounted on side plates 59 includes a piston rod 60 connected to a cam rail 61 on which are installed a pair of actuating cams 62, 63 for engaging shoes 64a, 64b mounted respectively on the bell crank arms 55a, 55b to establish final closed position of the jaws as shown in FIG. 10 upon retraction of the piston 60.
  • Actuation of the cam rail 62 in the opposite direction releases a locking pressure exerted between the shoes and cam surfaces after which the ends 62a and 62b of the earns 62, 63 engage respectively a button 65 mounted on an extension of the bell crank arm 55a and a similar button 66 mounted on an auxiliary bell crank arm 67 pivoted at 68 and having a ball end 69 engaging a slot in the other bell crank arm 55b serving to open respectively the jaws to the dotted line positions indicated at 20a.
  • This mechanism permits precise simultaneous closure of the jaws to an exact position relative to the nominally correct neutral axis 70 of the work piece W.
  • spherical bearings 71, 72 are provided in bearing blocks 73, 74 for the respective splined ends of a particular work piece W through suitable adapter sleeves 75, 76 seated within inner race bearing collars 77, 78.
  • the right hand collar 77 shown in FIG. 9 houses an axially slidable shaft 79 having a centering disc 80 attached to the outer end thereof for engaging the centering ring 81 mounted with bearing block 73 on a slide 82 on a fixed frame member 83.
  • Compression spring 84 in the absence of a work piece urges the centering disc 80 into engagement with ring 81 as shown in dotted line at 80a to establish axial alignment of the spherical bearing with the axis of the work piece at the time of loading at which time the slide 82 is retracted by piston rod 98 and the ejection button 85 is extended by compression spring 86 housed within the shaft 79.
  • the adapter 76 is axially slidable within the sleeve 78 and collar 87 from the full line position shown to a dotted l1ne position 76a and is urged to the latter position by tension springs 88 acting between the collar 87 and an end cap 89 mounted on the end of the adapter.
  • the work piece (not shown) is inserted within the adapter 76 into abutment with the shaft 95 and the other end is then centered with the tapered sleeve 75 at which time actuation of the piston rod 98 will serve to first extend the springs 88' and then compress the ejector spring 86 and finally compress the spring 84 to the posit1on shown in full line in FIG. 9 where centering disc 80 is out of engagement with ring 81 and free to move with the spherical bearing to the dotted line position shown at 80b as may be required during the straightening actlon.
  • the orbiting amplitude elfected by hydraulic cylinder 46 through shaft 24 and cam rollers 27, 28 as previously described may be automatically and adjustably controlled through appropriate hydraulic valving (not shown) for regulating the rate of flow to the extending and retracting ends of double acting cylinder 46 including appropriate solenoid actuated valving under the control of limit switches 99 and 100 actuated respectively by stops 101 and 102 carried by the piston rod extension 47, the stop 102 for controlling the maximum eccentricity of the orbital movement being adjustable through adjustment 10-3 with the position indicated by scale 104.
  • the work piece will be manually loaded into the spherical end bearings F.
  • the cylinder I will be actuated under manually or automatic controls to close the jaws 20 on a work piece whereupon the orbit varying mechanism G will be actuated to produce an increasing amplitude until limit switch 100 is actuated and then a decreasing amplitude back to zero at which time limit switch 99 will be actuated.
  • the jaw cylinder I will then be actuated to release the work piece for manual removal. It will be further understood that since actuation of the crank arm D is stopped upon retraction of the cam rollers 27, 28 to their zero amplitude position, the drive motor A, gearing B and crankshaft C may remain in operation during work piece loading and unloading as well as during the straightening operation.
  • a machine for straightening production work pieces individually having varying degrees of distortion relative to a neutral axis characterized by means for engaging each work piece at spaced points along said axis, means for producing relative orbital deflection of the work piece axis at said spaced engaging points through the elastic limit of said work piece, and means for gradually reducing the amplitude of said orbital deflection to an extent at least within the elastic limit of said work piece, said respective means operating independently of any rotation of said work piece about its own axis.
  • a straightening machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for producing relative orbital deflection includes a crank arm connectable to said Work piece, and means for moving the work piece connection of said crank arm in a variable orbital path.
  • a straightening machine as set forth in claim 1 wherein said means for producing relative orbital deflection includes a crank arm connectable to said work piece, and means including a crankshaft having a variable eccentric connection to said crank arm for moving the work piece connection of said crank arm in a variable orbital path.
  • said means for providing relative orbital deflection includes a crank arm connected to said work piece, a crankshaft having a variable eccentric connection to said crank arm, and guide means spaced from said respective crank arm connections for causing the variable eccentricity of said crankshaft to be translated to a variable orbital path for said work piece connection.
  • crankshafts variable eccentric connection includes a cam actuated radially displaceable crankshaft element, and a radially fixed shaft element forming a reaction element for said cam actuated radially displaceable crankshaft element.
  • a straightening machine as set forth in claim 7 including roller means interacting between said cam actuated and reaction elements.
  • a straightening machine as set forth in claim 8 including means displaceable axially of said crankshaft for positioning said roller means.
  • a straightening machine as set forth in claim 8 including means displaceable axially of said crankshaft for positioning said roller means between positions of maximum and zero displacement of said radially displaceable element, said last means including hydraulic cylinder actuating and control means capable of coordinating the rate of displacement of said radially displaceable element with the rate of rotation of said crankshaft.
  • a straightening machine as set forth in claim 2 including radially fixed end bearings for said work piece.
  • a straightening method for a Work piece having a distorted neutral axis comprising a first step of supporting the work piece, and characterized by the further step of producing independently of any work piece rotation about its own axis relative orbital deflection of the work piece neutral axis at axially spaced points with gradually diminishing amplitude passing through the yield point.
  • a straightening method as set forth in claim 15 including an initial step of increasing the amplitude of said orbital deflection to a predetermined maximum before producing said gradually diminishing amplitude.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US697076A 1968-01-11 1968-01-11 Straightening machine and method Expired - Lifetime US3518868A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69707668A 1968-01-11 1968-01-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3518868A true US3518868A (en) 1970-07-07

Family

ID=24799689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US697076A Expired - Lifetime US3518868A (en) 1968-01-11 1968-01-11 Straightening machine and method

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3518868A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1901184C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1251123A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3881341A (en) * 1973-02-07 1975-05-06 Maurice L Evans Bar straightener
US4306435A (en) * 1978-07-26 1981-12-22 Renzo Galdabini Machine for automatically straightening-out elongate workpieces
US20140311267A1 (en) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Worm gear
CN109590958A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-09 合肥知常光电科技有限公司 一种平面二维角度调节装置

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH458702A (fr) * 1966-06-28 1968-06-30 Proplasto Ag Corps creux en résine synthétique
DE1604573B1 (de) * 1966-07-12 1972-05-31 Interstabella Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von hohlkoerpern nach dem blasverfahren
DE4001901A1 (de) * 1990-01-19 1991-07-25 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum richten der enden von langgestreckten werkstuecken
CN111906166B (zh) * 2020-07-30 2022-07-01 固安浩瀚光电科技有限公司 一种半导体激光器用压片修复装置及其工作方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1659181A (en) * 1924-12-12 1928-02-14 James R Mcwane Metal bending and straightening machine
US3328995A (en) * 1964-12-21 1967-07-04 Turner & Seymour Mfg Company Vibratory straightening machines
US3335587A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-08-15 Pioneer Engineering & Mfg Comp Automatic straightening machine
US3446054A (en) * 1967-01-16 1969-05-27 Whetstine B Pridy Apparatus for straightening elongate metal members

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1659181A (en) * 1924-12-12 1928-02-14 James R Mcwane Metal bending and straightening machine
US3328995A (en) * 1964-12-21 1967-07-04 Turner & Seymour Mfg Company Vibratory straightening machines
US3335587A (en) * 1965-04-01 1967-08-15 Pioneer Engineering & Mfg Comp Automatic straightening machine
US3446054A (en) * 1967-01-16 1969-05-27 Whetstine B Pridy Apparatus for straightening elongate metal members

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3881341A (en) * 1973-02-07 1975-05-06 Maurice L Evans Bar straightener
US4306435A (en) * 1978-07-26 1981-12-22 Renzo Galdabini Machine for automatically straightening-out elongate workpieces
US20140311267A1 (en) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Worm gear
US10634217B2 (en) * 2013-04-19 2020-04-28 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Worm gear
CN109590958A (zh) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-09 合肥知常光电科技有限公司 一种平面二维角度调节装置
CN109590958B (zh) * 2018-12-28 2024-01-02 合肥知常光电科技有限公司 一种平面二维角度调节装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1901184B2 (de) 1980-02-14
GB1251123A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-27
DE1901184C3 (de) 1980-10-02
DE1901184A1 (de) 1969-09-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3895789A (en) Rotatable quick-acting axial pressure absorbing chuck for a circular welding machine
US3518868A (en) Straightening machine and method
RU1787061C (ru) Устройство дл штамповки кромок продольных канавок
US4109420A (en) Grinding machine, particularly for rollers of rolling element bearings
US3427844A (en) Process and an apparatus for the manufacturing of spiral drills
US3992914A (en) Rolling operations
US3472058A (en) Forging apparatus
US3973360A (en) Cam controlled grinding machine
US2503464A (en) Tube forming
US3411334A (en) Method and apparatus for rollextrusion of small tubes
US3857266A (en) Rotary arbor wire straightener
US2903923A (en) Stretch-forging machine
US6589103B2 (en) Device for the finishing treatment of shaft workpieces
US2894421A (en) Apparatus for straightening and for relieving stresses in workpieces
US3213659A (en) Apparatus and method for straightening metal shafts
US3453856A (en) Forging apparatus
JPS63188439A (ja) タル状コイルバネの製造装置
US3142940A (en) Machine for lapping gears
US3662581A (en) Tube bender
WO1982001487A1 (en) Drawing machine
GB800050A (en) Improvements in or relating to forging machines for manufacturing annular or cup-shaped workpieces
US2859793A (en) Pivotally mounted laterally spaced fluid pressure means for twisting crankshafts
US3774559A (en) Container forming method and apparatus
US3712104A (en) Apparatus for clamping workpieces in draw benches for the like
US3357221A (en) Method of bending tubes and machine therefor