US3477703A - Sand circulation oven for ball-shaped products - Google Patents

Sand circulation oven for ball-shaped products Download PDF

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Publication number
US3477703A
US3477703A US3477703DA US3477703A US 3477703 A US3477703 A US 3477703A US 3477703D A US3477703D A US 3477703DA US 3477703 A US3477703 A US 3477703A
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Prior art keywords
sand
oven
products
ball
bed
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English (en)
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Michel Tamalet
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Heurtey SA
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Heurtey SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/53—Heating in fluidised beds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a sand-circulation oven of the type designed for heating miscellaneous products in the form of balls.
  • the term ball is used herein for designating any product in the form of relatively large granules of substantially spherical configuration.
  • the characteristic dimension of these balls may range from A" or A to about 4".
  • the granules may result either from the crushing of larger lumps or blocks, or from a ball press or a ball-producing drum or cylinder.
  • the term sand denotes herein any desired relatively fine-grained material of a size of, say, less than 0.04".
  • the oven constituting the subject-matter of the present invention is based on this physical phenomenon and characterised in that the ball-shaped products are submitted to variable accelerations while the fine-grained or sand material is circulated through said balls in order to cause the transfer heat therebetween.
  • the specific heating method according to this invention is particularly suited for products distilling volatile substances when heated, especially if the pollution and dilution of these volatile substances must be avoided to improve their recovery rate.
  • an oven of the type set forth hereinabove comprises: a continuous or endless chain mesh-belt or grid, divided into one or several sections disposed horizontally or inclined, to which variable accelerations are impressed, and adapted to carry the ball products; one or a plurality of upper distributors for depositing sand upon the top of the ball bed; means for adjusting the sand circulation rate through said ball bed; a fluidized bed fed with the sand having passed through the ball bed, and means for lifting the sand back into the upper distributor.
  • a fluidized loop causes the sand to circulate in counter-current relationship to the ball-shaped products, whereby the heat resulting from the cooling of said balls can be recovered.
  • the oven comprises several zones, namely a preheating zone, a heating zone and a cooling zone, and each zone is adapted to recycle the sand from the fluidized channel.
  • This channel extends through the combustion chamber and circulates in counter-current relationship With respect to the ball products carried by the grid, the circulation for heat-recovery pur ice pose being independent of the sand circulation through the ball charge.
  • the above-defined oven zones are coupled in series, the sand being picked up from the bottom of each zone by a hopper and lifted back to the top distributor or distributors.
  • the combustion chamber of the oven may operate for example by using burners immersed in the fluidized bed for delivering the heat necessary for heating the charge, a cyclone being provided for exhausting the smoke from the burners.
  • the combustion chamber may advantageously comprise baflle means so arranged in. the fluidized bed as to impart changes of direction to the particles whereby the complete particle flow can be heated homogeneously.
  • the sand may further be heated outside the oven, in an internal-combustion fluidized bed, or in a smoke-flow oven, or in a rotary oven. Furthermore, it can be heated by the ducts used for lifting the particles, these ducts receiving in this case the hot smoke directly from a burner.
  • means are provided for collecting and utilizing, without dilution, or with a metered dilution, the combustible vapors from the distillation process of the ball-shaped products and/or their binder.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical sectional and elevational view of a typical form of embodiment of an oven according to this invention, the section being taken along the line 11 of FIGURE 3;
  • FIGURE 2 is a plan view of the oven illustrated in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 3 is a section taken upon the line 33 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a section taken along the line 4-4 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 5 is a section taken along the line 5-5 of FIGURE 2;
  • FIGURE 6 is a diagrammatic section showing a typical example of means for lifting the sand back to the upper distributor
  • FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of a sand circulation path in the oven
  • FIGURE 8 illustrates also diagrammatically a typical example of a sand circulation path in the oven.
  • FIGURE 9 illustrates diagrammatically a method of recovering fuel vapors from the distillation of the ball products and/or their binder.
  • the ball-shaped products B circulate from left to right as seen in these figures. They are carried by an inclined grid, which may either consist of a single plane or, alternately, of a stepped structure to permit the periodic exposure of different portions of the product and also the loosening of clods.
  • This grid may also be disposed horizontally, if desired. In the example illustrated it consists of a plurality of successive sections 11, 12, 13 and 14.
  • This grid is subjected to variable accelerations obtained for example by using hydraulic actuators or piston-cylinder units 16.
  • the cylinders of these actuators are secured to the frame structure 17 supporting the grids and their piston rods are attached to fixed points, or vice versa.
  • the frame structure 17 of these grids is supported by rollers such as 18, 18' disposed at spaced intervals, externally of the oven, like the actuators 16.
  • rollers 18, 18 are provided with shafts rigid with a fixed frame 19 supported by the ground and supporting the installation.
  • the relative spacing of the grid-forming bars is determined with a view to prevent any jamming of the products B.
  • the balls circulating on the top of grids 11 to 14 are retained laterally by vertical side walls 24 and 24.
  • the inclination and the accelerations imparted to the grid may be such that products B are free from any frictional contact or shocks with the grids.
  • the frequency and amplitude of the accelerations permit of adjusting the feed rate of the products.
  • the sand S is discharged upon the top of the ball layer B, throughout the length thereof, from a number of upper distributors such as the one designated by the reference numeral in the drawing.
  • This distributor 15 comprises a fixed upper casing 21 into which an inlet duct 22 discharges sand recovered from the oven, as will be described presently in detail, and an outer sleeve 23 adapted to be adjusted vertically along the distributor axis for altering at will the distance from the bottom of the distributor to the grid, i.e. the height of the natural angle of repose of the sand heap formed above the charge, and therefore for modifying at will the amount of sand dispensed upon the ball bed.
  • This sand is retained laterally by the walls 24, 24' of the housing supporting the grids, and at either end sand joints 25, 26 are provided for sealing the oven enclosure 27 in which the charge B and the sand S flowing therethrough circulate for producing the desired heat transfer.
  • the sand circulation output through the charge B is adjustable for example by means of a double series of horizontal plates 28 and 28' disposed at right angles to the direction of flow of the ball products and disposed beneath each grid.
  • These movable plates 28, 28' are adapted to slide on each other and act as diaphragms actuated either manually by means of a handle 29 (FIG- URE 3) or by using servo-motor means in order to maintain the temperature of the charge B at a predetermined value.
  • each hopper After having passed through the bed of ball products B the sand falls into a plurality of hoppers such as 30 disposed beneath the grids and adapted to feed a fluidized bed 31.
  • a particle aspirator or trompe is provided at the bottom of each hopper for feeding each upper distributor 15.
  • Each aspirator or trompe consists of two coaxial tubes 32, 33, respectively, capable of directing the sand pneumatically up to the duct 22 feeding the distributor 15.
  • a cyclone or like scrubber 34 is arranged in the distributor for separating completely the particles from the suction air stream delivered via the tube 33.
  • Means are provided for adjusting the sand level in the upper distributors 15. These means, consisting for example of electric contacts, are disposed in each upper distributor 15 and capable of detecting the upper and lower level of the sand in order to actuate in the all or none manner the means supplying fluid to the particle-sucking trompe or aspirator. Any suitable servo device may be used for controlling these means.
  • the width of the casing limited laterally by the walls 24, 24' corresponds to the width of the grids 11.
  • the length of this casing will be selected as a function of the permeability of the charge of ballshaped products and also of the amount of sand to be 4 duct 36 by using a supply of compressed gas 38 fed to the bottom of this duct.
  • An electric switch 37 is provided for discontinuing the supplying of compressed gas when the sand level in hopper 30 is below a predetermined minimum value.
  • the oven illustrated by way of example in the drawings comprises four zones (see FIGURE 7):
  • a preheating zone Z (corresponding to grid 11).
  • a cooling zone Z (corresponding to grid 14).
  • the ball-shaped products B circulate in the direction of the arrow b after having been introduced at A.
  • a fluidized loop F causes the sand to circulate in countercurrent relationship (see arrows s) to the products B, whereby the heat resulting from the cooling of the balls in zone Z can be recovered.
  • Each zone Z to Z is adapted to recycle the sand from the fluidized channel (fluidized beds 31 of FIGURES l to 3).
  • a combustion chamber C described more in details hereinafter and operating for example with immersed burners, will supply the heat required for heating the charge.
  • the sand arriving at the end of the fluidized loop F flows over a chute and falls into a storage hopper T.
  • This chute permits of maintaining the fluidized bed 31 (FIGURE 1) at a constant level.
  • the function of hopper T is to maintain a certain reserve of sand for operating the plant and also to store the particles when the oven is inoperative or held up for any reason.
  • a suction trompe or aspirator R is dipped into this hopper and feeds the loop inlet. The output of this trompe will regulate the total sand circulation in the loop F. The output should be so adjusted as to ensure the best possible heat recovery, this requirement being met when the heat storage capacity of the sand nearly equals that of the ball products.
  • the sand in the return channel of the fluidized loop F may be cooled for example by using water or steam piping, or a water vaporization carried out directly Within the fluidized bed.
  • the combustion chamber of the oven comprises two immersed burners 39 and 40 dipping into the fluidized bed 31.
  • a cyclone 41 is provided for sucking the smoke from the two burners 39 and 40 and exhausting it to the outside through a vent duct 42.
  • the combustion chamber comprises in the fluidized bed 31 batfle means such as 43 adapted to impart to the particles a movement shown by the arrows of FIGURE 2, in order homogeneously to reheat the flux of these particles.
  • one fraction of the sand may be heated at a higher temperature to eliminate the pollution therefrom. This fraction is subsequently mixed with the main mass of sand.
  • the sand may further be heated by the trompes or aspirators used for lifting the particles (and consisting of the ducts or tubes 32 and 33 shown in FIGURES 3 and 5).
  • the hot smoke from a burner is fed directly to the trompes or aspirators.
  • the combustible fluid and air may then be brought just to the lower end of the trompe which in this case will act itself as a burner.
  • the oven according to this invention may advantageously be provided with means for recovering gases from processes applied to ball-shaped materials or products.
  • volatile substances are released either from the products themselves, or from their binder or binders. These volatile substances are combustible and consist of a gaseous mixture of hydrogen, CH etc., and also of tar vesicles or bubbles.
  • the advantage of using a sand circulation oven is to prevent the dilution of these combustible vapors, whereby they can become a gas having a high heating power which is easy to burn as such.
  • FIGURE 9 illustrates diagrammatically the manner in which these combustible vapors can be recovered. These vapors are sucked at 45 and directed into the enclosure 28 (FIGURE 1) by a suction 'fan 44 (FIGURE 9) through heat-insulated pipe lines 45. At the same time a pressure slightly in excess of the atmospheric value is maintained in the oven chamber 27; a by-pass valve 46 is provided for adjusting the pressure within the oven. The vapors thus discharged through the duct 47 are directed to the burners of this oven, the excess being burned if desired in a near-by boiler.
  • a slight dilution may promote the extraction of these combustible vapors.
  • a pre-adjusted smoke output will be fed into the oven by means of rows of noizles provided to this end.
  • the oven is sealed by means of bellows such as 48 and 49 disposed at either end thereof (see FIGURES l and 2).
  • bellows such as 48 and 49 disposed at either end thereof (see FIGURES l and 2).
  • the upper housing of the sand distributor is constantly kept under pressure to prevent the ingress of carrier fluid.
  • the fluidized beds circulate in closed casings.
  • the fluidizing gas can escape either through orifices such as 50 formed in the outer tube 32 of the trompe, or from the end of the cold channel towards the storage hopper (denoted by the reference letter T in FIGURE 7).
  • the sand column formed at the bottom of bach hopper 30 will limit considerably the ingress of fluid.
  • the fluidized beds and the trompes are supplied with scrubbed smokes without any oxygen content in order to avoid a detrimental air input likely to develop detonating mixtures.
  • the oven constituting the subject matter of this invention can be used for processing products in atmospheres of predetermined composition.
  • the above-described oven is capable of processing all products in the form of balls or granules of such dimensions that sand can flow therethrouglh.
  • These products may. consist for example of ore pellets, agglomerated ores,-with qr without binder, agglomerated coal for roasting torrefaction, etc.
  • these products may go through a plastic deformation phase, as in the case of certain coals.
  • the products are maintained without any deformation in a fixed bed.
  • the amount of heat transferred from the sand enables the products to clear the critical temperature.
  • the nature of the sand will be selected as a function of tlie oven temperature in order to obtain a satisfactory resistance to this temperature and to erosion.
  • the sand granulometry will be such that it will circulate and flow freely through the charge.
  • the ore itself sieved to the proper granulometry may be used as sand.
  • the fines from the oven will be directed to the ball-forming device.
  • the sand will be sieved before penetrating into the storage hopper in order to eliminate abnormally large granules from the charge.
  • the oven may be anintegral part of an assembly comprising the apparatus for agglomerating the coal or ore into balls.
  • the finished products, before the agglomeration step, require a drying step which may be performed by circulating the product, prior to its agglomeration, through a bed of balls during the cooling thereof.
  • the products are treated or processed continuously;
  • the heating can take place very rapidly due to the very great gas-to-particles heat transfer surface area and to the solid-to-solid heat transfer;
  • An oven for securing a heat transmission between a material of fine grain or sand and products in the form of balls comprising an upper casing whose bottom is formed by a grill which carries the bed of products in the form of balls, hydraulic jacks giving to said grill variable accelerations, upper distributors distributing sand throughout the entire length of said bed of balls, funnels located under said grill for receiving said sand after traversing said bed of balls and said grill, a lower casing fed by said funnels and containing the sand in the form of a fluidized bed in which the sand is reheated and a particle conveyance located at the foot of each of said funnels for a pneumatic transport of the sand to said upper distributors.
  • baflies are provided in said fluidized beds for giving to said particles changes in direction allowing reheating the flux of the sand particles in a homogeneous way.
  • An oven according to claim 1 comprising for the return of the sand in diluted phase at the lower portion of each funnel a column provided at its foot with a means for receiving compressed gas, an electrical contact being provided in order to cut the feed of compressed gas when the level of sand in a funnel is too low.
  • said fluidized beds define a fluidized loop for the circulation of said sand, said loop comprising a return channel provided at its end with an outlet and a stock tunnel receiving said sand, said oven comprising a tube for feeding said return channel and maintaining said fluidized beds at a constant level.
  • An oven according to claim 1 comprising a ventilator for sucking the combustible vapors coming from the thermic treatment of the products in the form of balls; a valve for adjusting the pressure in said oven at a value slightly above that of the exterior atmosphere and a conduit for evacuating said vapors and leading themto burners serving to heat the sand.
  • An oven as set forth in claim 1 in which there are provided a plurality of zones, said zones respectively preheating said products in the form of balls, heating and cooling, with each zone recycling the sand coming from the fluidized beds.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
US3477703D 1967-01-23 1968-01-12 Sand circulation oven for ball-shaped products Expired - Lifetime US3477703A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR92129A FR1532302A (fr) 1967-01-23 1967-01-23 Four à circulation de sable pour le chauffage de produits en forme de boulets

Publications (1)

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US3477703A true US3477703A (en) 1969-11-11

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US3477703D Expired - Lifetime US3477703A (en) 1967-01-23 1968-01-12 Sand circulation oven for ball-shaped products

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US (1) US3477703A (fr)
AT (1) AT285535B (fr)
BE (1) BE709362A (fr)
DE (1) DE1608023B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES349641A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1532302A (fr)
GB (1) GB1217902A (fr)
LU (1) LU55264A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL6800784A (fr)
OA (1) OA02720A (fr)
SE (1) SE323175B (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684259A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-08-15 Cawood Wharton & Co Ltd Heat treatment of bodies of combustible material
US3697055A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-10-10 Edgar Knight Heat treatment of bodies of combustible material
US3975144A (en) * 1975-03-11 1976-08-17 Reynolds Metals Company Cathode baking system
US4258779A (en) * 1977-11-14 1981-03-31 General Kinematics Corporation Method and apparatus for conveying very fine solid material
US4340433A (en) * 1976-09-16 1982-07-20 Can-Eng Holdings Limited Method of heat treating articles
DE3426582A1 (de) * 1984-07-19 1986-01-30 Wolfgang 4600 Dortmund Seidler Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von strahlmitteln o.dgl.
US6230633B1 (en) * 1995-06-19 2001-05-15 Mario Magaldi Conveyor/cooler of loose materials
US20120047761A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2012-03-01 Lou Zhengrong Hopper of injection molding machine
CN115652069A (zh) * 2022-09-20 2023-01-31 江苏富川机电有限公司 一种倾斜式铜线退火装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2592783A (en) * 1946-04-17 1952-04-15 Aspegren Olof Erik August Rotary heat exchanger
US2900179A (en) * 1952-10-10 1959-08-18 Kaufmann Otto Improvements in or relating to treating materials by a heat transfer process such asroasting, sintering, calcining, drying and the like
US3053704A (en) * 1953-11-27 1962-09-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Heat treating metals

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1227394B (de) * 1961-03-27 1966-10-20 Andre Mark Wirbelbetttrockner
DE1222421B (de) * 1962-01-10 1966-08-04 Philips Nv Verfahren zum Sintern von keramischem Gut in einer Wirbelschicht

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2592783A (en) * 1946-04-17 1952-04-15 Aspegren Olof Erik August Rotary heat exchanger
US2900179A (en) * 1952-10-10 1959-08-18 Kaufmann Otto Improvements in or relating to treating materials by a heat transfer process such asroasting, sintering, calcining, drying and the like
US3053704A (en) * 1953-11-27 1962-09-11 Exxon Research Engineering Co Heat treating metals

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684259A (en) * 1969-03-21 1972-08-15 Cawood Wharton & Co Ltd Heat treatment of bodies of combustible material
US3697055A (en) * 1970-09-18 1972-10-10 Edgar Knight Heat treatment of bodies of combustible material
US3975144A (en) * 1975-03-11 1976-08-17 Reynolds Metals Company Cathode baking system
US4340433A (en) * 1976-09-16 1982-07-20 Can-Eng Holdings Limited Method of heat treating articles
US4258779A (en) * 1977-11-14 1981-03-31 General Kinematics Corporation Method and apparatus for conveying very fine solid material
DE3426582A1 (de) * 1984-07-19 1986-01-30 Wolfgang 4600 Dortmund Seidler Verfahren und vorrichtung zur waermebehandlung von strahlmitteln o.dgl.
US6230633B1 (en) * 1995-06-19 2001-05-15 Mario Magaldi Conveyor/cooler of loose materials
US20120047761A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2012-03-01 Lou Zhengrong Hopper of injection molding machine
US8844155B2 (en) * 2009-03-30 2014-09-30 Zhengrong LOU Hopper of injection molding machine
CN115652069A (zh) * 2022-09-20 2023-01-31 江苏富川机电有限公司 一种倾斜式铜线退火装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES349641A1 (es) 1969-04-01
FR1532302A (fr) 1968-07-12
LU55264A1 (fr) 1968-03-28
GB1217902A (en) 1971-01-06
NL6800784A (fr) 1968-07-24
DE1608023B1 (de) 1970-10-22
SE323175B (fr) 1970-04-27
BE709362A (fr) 1968-05-16
AT285535B (de) 1970-10-27
OA02720A (fr) 1970-12-15

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