US3462811A - Method and apparatus for crimping yarn - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for crimping yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
US3462811A
US3462811A US568531A US3462811DA US3462811A US 3462811 A US3462811 A US 3462811A US 568531 A US568531 A US 568531A US 3462811D A US3462811D A US 3462811DA US 3462811 A US3462811 A US 3462811A
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Prior art keywords
yarn
gear
crimp
meshing
wheels
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Expired - Lifetime
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US568531A
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English (en)
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John Llewellyn Burgess
Barrie Daniels
William Edward Whale
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/14—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics using grooved rollers or gear-wheel-type members

Definitions

  • the invention is concerned with crimped yarn and its manufacture.
  • Crimped yarns of e.g. synthetic polymer filaments are those bulked yarns whose bulk is brought about by mechanical crimping means, as for instance gear wheels, twisting devices or sharp edges. They are useful in a wide variety of textile articles, from the sheerest fabrics, like womens stockings, to thick fabrics of the kind used for outer wear. Pile fabrics, for e.g. tufted carpets, are also made from crimped continuous filament yarns.
  • the invention is concerned with the particular means of crimping that employs gear wheels. The matter is expressed in this way to avoid the wrong inference being drawn that the crimped yarn of the invention is one having regular sinusoidal crimps of the standard gearcrimped variety.
  • a novel and very useful crimped yarn consists of a bulked multifilament yarn having in each of its filaments both a primary wave-like crimp and a secondary crimp characterised by a random, three-dimensional curvilinear configuration of low frequency and high amplitude.
  • This bulked yarn therefore, comprises the present invention in its broadest terms.
  • the nature 0 fthe above bulked yarn can be expressed in another way, that it consists of a composite crimp in each of the filaments made up of primary crimp induced by crimping in a meshing zone of gear wheels and secondary crimp induced by pulling the already gear-crimped yarn under tension through another meshing zone of gear wheels.
  • the primary crimp is of relatively much higher crimp frequency than the secondary crimp.
  • the yarn of the invention may be produced by a process in which yarn is crimped by passage through the meshing zone of two gear wheels, one of which drives the other, and by subsequent passage through the meshing zone of said driving one of said gear wheels and a third gear wheel also driven thereby.
  • the yarn is fed to the gear wheel assembly as undrawn yarn, the undrawn yarn is heated and is drawn by, or whilst passing through, the gear wheel assembly.
  • a greater degree of secondary crimp can be achieved, especially with heavy diener yarns (e.g. of 400 denier and above), if the yarn is cooled on passage between the two meshing zones.
  • the primary crimp is inserted whilst the yarn is hot on passing through the first meshing zone.
  • the yarn of the invention owing to the combination of the specified primary and secondary crimp, is characterised by an absence of in-phase crimp even over short lengths of the yarn, and a fuller, loftier handle, which is most desirable in articles of knitted outerwear, than yarn produced using only two gear wheels.
  • the shape of the teeth of the gear wheels is preferably involute, to ensure smooth transmission of the drive from the driving gear wheel to the gear wheels driven thereby and by contact through the yarn.
  • the gears should be set as near to the maxi-mum extent of intermesh as possible, short of damaging the filaments of the yarn.
  • the gears are preferably of stainless steel, and the tips of the teeth may be squared-off, so that the clearance between the tips and the bottoms of the grooves between teeth of the meshing gear wheels, is greater than the clearance between the sides of adjacent teeth. Alternatively, the tips may be rounded, to fit more closely into the bottoms of the grooves between the opposing teeth.
  • the driving gear may be of greater diameter than the two driven gears, say 5 inches compared with 1 inch, or 4 inches compared with 2 inches; and, in general, the smaller the gear diame'ter(s), the greater will be the bulk in the yarn crimped thereby.
  • a convenient angle, between the lines joining the axis of the driving gear wheel and the axes of each of the two gear wheels driven thereby, is 68, allowing for a suflicient length of arc of the periphery of the driven gear wheel, around which the yarn progresses between the two meshing zones, to enable the yarn to be adequately cooled by a cooling blast of air directed at said are of the periphery.
  • the yarn is collected in orderly fashion, as by being wound-up in conventional manner, e.g. by a ring spindle wind-up mechanism.
  • the yarn temperature at the gear wheel assembly is an important parameter of the process, it is necessary, for ease of control, to keep the distance between the snubbing-pin and the nearest of the gear wheels of the gear wheel assembly to a minimum, say 3 inches. Within the useful range of temperatures, the higher the temperature, the greater will be the bulk in the yarn.
  • a plurality of yarns may be crimped together in the gear assembly, and then separated and wound up individually.
  • finish, or dressing on the yarn to be crimped by the 3-gear assembly is significant to the amount of secondary crimp obtainable, and has therefore to be selected with the care for the particular material of the yarn.
  • a type of finish should be effected which does not cause the filaments even to be lightly stuck together on their passage through the gear wheel assembly.
  • FIGURE 1 is exemplary of a short length of filament taken from a bulked multi-filament yarn according to the invention
  • FIGURE 2 is a thread-line diagram of the preferred process of the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a thread-like diagram of an alternative process according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 is an enlarged elevational view of the threegear assembly according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 5 is a still further enlarged sectional view of a portion of the meshing zone of two of the gears of the assembly of FIGURE 5.
  • FIGURE 1 the high frequency primary crimp is clearly shown all along the filament, which filament is looped and curled in a random manner, actually threedimensional, according to the secondary crimp present in it.
  • the portions of yarns shown at A and B are from crimp-developed yarn from the three-gear and the twogear assemblies respectively; whilst the portions of yarns shown at C and D are from yarn from the respective two types of assembly of which yarn the crimp has not been developed.
  • the undrawn yarn then enters the drawing span by positive feed from nip-rolls 7.
  • Drawing is effected by rotation of draw roll 13 at a peripheral speed several times that of the nip-rolls 7.
  • Separator roll 15 serves axially to separate the several wraps needed to be taken around the draw roll to prevent slippage of the yarn thereon.
  • the yarn On leaving the periphery of the draw roll 13, the yarn, now in drawn and latently crimped condition, passes through balloon-guide 27 and is then wound up by a through balloon-guide 27 and is then wound up by a ring spindle device incorporating a ring 29 and traveller (not shown) thereon and a bobbin 31 mounted on an upright spindle (not shown) within the ring.
  • the yarn is wound in a double-taper package 33 according to a desired build.
  • FIGURE 3 The arrangement depicted in FIGURE 3 is similar to that of FIGURE 2 (and the parts of apparatus have the same reference numbers), save that the draw roll 13 (and separator roll 15) are omitted from the apparatus.
  • the gear assembly 19 is responsible for imposing the drawing tension on the yarn 1, in this particular instance.
  • the driving gear 21 is of greater diameter than the driven gears 23, 25.
  • FIGURE 4 shows more clearly the path of the yarn 1 from the snubbing pin 17 to the meshing zone between driving gear 21 and driven gear 23, thence around a portion of the periphery of driving gear 21 before entering the meshing zone between driving gear 21 and driven gear 25.
  • An air pipe 40 for cooling the yarn between the two meshing zones may also be included.
  • FIGURE 5 shows, greatly enlarged, a portion of the meshing zone between the driving gear 21 and the driven gear 23 (or 25). Clearly shown are the involute shape of the teeth 35 and the near-maximum extent of intermeshing of the teeth. The tips 37 of the teeth 35 are shown as being squared off. i The invention will now be more specifically described in the following examples of processes performed according to it, using gear wheels of outside diameter of about 3 inches.
  • the references to skein lengths L in inches with numerals appended, are measures of the primary and secondary crimp in the yarn determined by a test method in which a certain number of wraps for singles yarn 15 for 3-fold heavy denier yarn) of yarn are takeri around a l-metre reel, the skein so wound is suspended in hot water C.) and the length of the skein measured under two different loadings, the first being large enough to pull out the secondary crimp (but allow the primary crimp to be manifested or developed) and the second being insufiicient to pull out the secondary crimp (the actual loads depending on the size of the yarn in question and being 20 and 5 grams respectively for the lower denier (400 denier) yarns, and 60 and 10 grams respectively for the higher denier (1040 denier) yarns).
  • EXAMPLE I This example demonstrates the improvement brought about by the use of a 3-gear assembly, compared with a 2-gear one, and also the improvement in regard to secondary crimp when the yarn is cooled between the two meshing zones of the 3-gear assembly.
  • the yarns were produced according to the abovedescribed preferred process, in which the yarn is pulled under tension through the gear assembly and is drawn at the same time, under the following conditions:
  • Yarn Supply (inches) (inches) (inches) 1,580 Nil 15.5 5 2O 3gears 550 Drawn 1,040 18.0 17.0 1.0 1, 357 Nil 15. 0 16. 1. 25 at 0,0255 ni 1, 357 63 13. 5 16. 75 3. 25 in. intermesh. Undrawn 3,600/ 16.0 12. 75 3. 25 From Table 1 it is apparent that when using two gears only (i.e., not according to the process of the invention) Drawn u erim ed 18.5 18.5 0 the secondary crimp present in the yarn (represented 25 (comm)- by L20-L5) is practically insignificant in that it represents less than 1 inch in skein length.
  • the yarn was roll speed of 2000 feet/m n. and at a draw ratio of 3.7, Passed around a bbi and thence through the the slgnlficant COHdIUPHS, for the P p s of the 40 meshing zones of a 3-gear gear-crimping assembly.
  • the gear speed was such that there was no tension in TABLE 2 the yarn between the assembly and the wind-up, it was Cooling assumed that the total drawing force was being applied Air by the assembly. Otherwise, the gear wheels were driven Gears (r335 (mugs? m ra at a lesser speed, such being the preferred state-of-aifairs.
  • the yarns compared were 400 denier 50 filament nylon 1,600 235 5 0 5 66 yarn, processed according to the preferred process.
  • the feed rolls were 'by-passed when processing the drawn From Table can be seen that amount of supplyvyarm secondary crimp is rather low, at a skem length figure
  • the conditions of processing were: ft l gear i t a se is g gl the a 0 a ram g orce; an a 1 mcreases mar e y as $3 stature the tension below the gears begins to increase, reach- Dmw I011 Speed "feet/min 1000 is g gg a Well-defined graphlcal p Draw r011 Wraps 3 a a ension 0 grams.
  • the most obvious supply yarns to be used will be those of the synthetic linear polymers, such as the polyamides, polyesters and polypropylenes, which are readily and relatively permanently crimpable.
  • a compound crimp effect can be obtained by utilizing bi-component filaments (so-called heterofilaments) as the supply yarn filaments.
  • the inve ntion has been descn'ber in connection with continuous crimping, it is within its scope to carry out the crimping discontinuously so as to produce intermittently crimped yarn.
  • the teeth of the gear wheels may be so disposed around its periphery, i.e. with gaps, that a random crimp is produced.
  • a periodic secondary crimp, superimposed on a continuous primary crimp, is also within the scope of the invention; and can be produced by arranging for some slight eccentricity of the axis of the driven gear wheel. Normally, such eccentricity of mounting of any of the gear wheels is disadvantageous; and any effects of it in regard to the periodicity of the crimp can be minimised by selecting gear wheels differing greatly in their diameters, as indicated to be possible hereinbefore.
  • crimp-development by heating the yarn in relaxed condition, may be performed on the yarn between the draw-roll and the windup. This may be achieved by injecting the yarn by means of a steam injector into a steam relaxing tube. Alternatively, crimp-development may be achieved, and the crimp stabilized, by over-feeding the yarn, say at 20% overfeed, on to a take-up package, and then treating the package in steam.
  • Subsequent crimping in a stulfer-box crimper serves to endorse the crimp produced according to the invention, should this be desired. Also, it may be desirable to fold two or three multifilament yarns, say of 400 denier, before making them into fabric.
  • a process for producing a bulked multifilament yarn comprising heating the multifilament yarn, crimping multifilament yarn in the meshing zone of gear-wheels so as to induce a primary wave-like crimp of high frequency and low amplitude in the filaments, cooling the filaments, and then pulling the thus-crimped yarn through another meshing zone of gear-wheels under tension so as to induce a secondary crimp of low frequency and high amplitude in the filaments.
  • a process for producing a bulked multifilament yarn the filaments of which possess a composite crimp consisting of a primary wave-like crimp of high frequency and low amplitude and a secondary crimp of low frequency and high amplitude which process comprises the steps of (a) forwarding undrawn multifilament yarn to a drawing zone which incorporates a heated snubbing-pin;
  • a gear-wheel assembly for crimping yarn comprising a driving gear-wheel and two gear-wheels driven thereby by meshing engagement therewith to nearly the maximum extent, thereby to define two successive meshing zones the tips of the teeth on said gear-wheels being square, and the clearance between the tips of the teeth and the bottom of the grooves of the meshing gear-wheels is greater than the clearance between the sides of adjacent teeth.
  • a gear-wheel assembly for crimping yarn comprising a driving gear-wheel and two gear-wheels driven thereby by meshing engagement therewith to nearly the maximum extent, thereby to define two successive meshing zones, and means for cooling the yarn passing between said successive meshing zones.
  • a gear-wheel assembly for crimping yarn comprising a driving gear-wheel and two gear-wheels driven thereby by meshing engagement therewith to nearly the maximum extent, thereby to define two successive meshing zones, the driven gear-wheels being disposed such that the angle between lines joining the axis of the driving gear-wheel and the axes of each of the driven gearwheels is about 68.
  • a gear-wheel assembly for crimping yarn comprising a driving gear-wheel and two gear-wheels driven thereby by meshing engagement therewith to nearly the maximum extent, thereby to define two successive meshing zones, a heated snubbing pin over which the yarn passes before passing to said meshing zones and a draw roll for receiving the yarn after it leaves said meshing zones.
  • a process for producing a bulked multifilament yarn comprising crimping multifilament yarn in the meshing zone of gear-wheels so as to induce a primary wave-like crimp of high frequency and low amplitude in the filaments and then pulling the thus-crimped yarn through another meshing zone of gear-wheels under tension so as to induce a secondary crimp of low frequency and high amplitude in the filaments, and effecting crimp-development by passing the yarn through an atmosphere of steam in a relaxed condition to thereby heat the yarn.
  • a process for producing a bulked multifilament yarn comprising crimping multifilament yarn in the meshing zone of gear-wheels so as to induce a primary wavelike crimp of high frequency and low amplitude in the filaments and then pulling the thus-crimped yarn through another meshing zone of gear-Wheels under tension so as to induce a secondary crimp of low frequency and high amplitude in the filaments, and effecting crimp-development by heating the yarn in a relaxed condition, the heating being carried out by loosely winding the yarn onto a take-up package and treating with steam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US568531A 1965-08-06 1966-07-28 Method and apparatus for crimping yarn Expired - Lifetime US3462811A (en)

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GB33733/65A GB1127005A (en) 1965-08-06 1965-08-06 Improvements in or relating to producing bulked multifilament yarn by crimping

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US (1) US3462811A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
BE (1) BE685140A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
CH (2) CH465130A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
ES (1) ES329966A1 (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
GB (1) GB1127005A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
IL (1) IL26270A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
LU (1) LU51716A1 (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
NL (1) NL6611051A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)
SE (1) SE324031B (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3636600A (en) * 1967-08-04 1972-01-25 American Enka Corp Apparatus for crimping and drawing yarn
US3725985A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-04-10 Stevens & Co Inc J P Apparatus for imparting crimp to textile materials of thermoplastic yarn
US3964141A (en) * 1973-01-22 1976-06-22 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Crimping gears and process
US3964657A (en) * 1973-07-04 1976-06-22 Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik Aktiengesellschaft Yarn transporting apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE6948T1 (de) * 1978-10-27 1984-04-15 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Unter verwendung von zahnraedern gekraeuseltes polyestergarn.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2326174A (en) * 1939-04-22 1943-08-10 Rutishauser Georg Method and apparatus for the production of curled threads from cellulose acetate
FR970224A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png) * 1951-01-02
US2634167A (en) * 1949-07-14 1953-04-07 Hewitt Robins Inc Method of making brushes
US3192597A (en) * 1963-08-21 1965-07-06 Monsanto Co Yarn texturing apparatus and method
US3293843A (en) * 1963-02-02 1966-12-27 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR970224A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png) * 1951-01-02
US2326174A (en) * 1939-04-22 1943-08-10 Rutishauser Georg Method and apparatus for the production of curled threads from cellulose acetate
US2634167A (en) * 1949-07-14 1953-04-07 Hewitt Robins Inc Method of making brushes
US3293843A (en) * 1963-02-02 1966-12-27 British Nylon Spinners Ltd Drawing and crimping synthetic polymer filaments
US3192597A (en) * 1963-08-21 1965-07-06 Monsanto Co Yarn texturing apparatus and method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3636600A (en) * 1967-08-04 1972-01-25 American Enka Corp Apparatus for crimping and drawing yarn
US3725985A (en) * 1971-05-27 1973-04-10 Stevens & Co Inc J P Apparatus for imparting crimp to textile materials of thermoplastic yarn
US3964141A (en) * 1973-01-22 1976-06-22 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Crimping gears and process
US3964657A (en) * 1973-07-04 1976-06-22 Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik Aktiengesellschaft Yarn transporting apparatus

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NL6611051A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png) 1967-02-07
DE1660387B2 (de) 1975-08-28
CH465130A (de) 1968-11-15
IL26270A (en) 1970-03-22
CH1132066A4 (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png) 1969-02-14
LU51716A1 (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png) 1966-10-05
DE1660387A1 (de) 1971-04-15
SE324031B (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png) 1970-05-19
ES329966A1 (es) 1967-09-01
GB1127005A (en) 1968-09-11
BE685140A (US07122603-20061017-C00294.png) 1967-02-06
CH473247A (de) 1969-07-15

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