US3461054A - Cathodic sputtering from a cathodically biased target electrode having an rf potential superimposed on the cathodic bias - Google Patents
Cathodic sputtering from a cathodically biased target electrode having an rf potential superimposed on the cathodic bias Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3461054A US3461054A US537086A US3461054DA US3461054A US 3461054 A US3461054 A US 3461054A US 537086 A US537086 A US 537086A US 3461054D A US3461054D A US 3461054DA US 3461054 A US3461054 A US 3461054A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sputtering
- cathodic
- electrode
- potential
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/3435—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering
- C23C14/345—Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering using substrate bias
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
- H01J37/32—Gas-filled discharge tubes
- H01J37/34—Gas-filled discharge tubes operating with cathodic sputtering
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for the deposition of thin films by cathodic sputtering.
- a technique for enhancing the deposition rate during conventional or dielectric reactive sputtering wherein the aforementioned drawbacks are appreciably lessened.
- the inventive technique involves sputtering in a system in which there are three electrodes, an anode, a cathode and a third electrode, and in which the cathode member is simultaneously biased with a direct-current potential and RF excitation, the anode member being maintained at ground potential or biased at least *-1 volt with respect to the third electrode.
- the described technique departs from conventional diode sputtering and bias sputtering as described in copending application Ser. No, 372,537, filed June 4, 1964, now abandoned, in one major aspect, namely, the simultaneous application of a direct-current potential and RF excitation to the cathode.
- the figure is a schematic representation of an exemplary apparatus suitable for the practice of the present invention.
- a vacuum chamber 11 provided with an outlet 12 for connection to a vacuum pump (not shown), an inlet 13 for the introduction of either an inert or reactive gas or mixtures thereof during the sputtering process, and a base plate 14 which serves the purpose of a third or ground electrode.
- Shown disposed within chamber 11 is a substrate holder or anode member 15 and sputtering shield 15a and a cathode member 16 and sputtering shie d 16a, member 16 being comprised of a material described hereinbelow.
- Cathode member 16 is connected to the negative pole 13 or a direct-current high potential supply by means of inductor 19 and to an RF supply 20 by means of capacitor 21 (the inductor and capacitor being of such value as to pass and reject RF and direct-current com- 3,461,054 Patented Aug. 12, 1969 ponents as needed), the positive pole of the direct-current supply and one end of RF supply 20 being connected to base plate 14, as at 22.
- Anode member 15 may be connected to (a) base plate 14, as at 23, (b) the negative pole 24- of a direct-current source, the positive pole of Which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23), (c) the positive pole 25 of a direct-current source the negative pole of which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23), (d) a source of alternating current 26, one side of which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23), (e) an RF supply 27, one side of which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23) or (f) a direct-current high potential supply 28 by means of inductor 29 and an RF supply 30 by means of capacitor 31, one end of said direct-current supply and said RF supply being connected to base plate 14 (as at 23).
- the present invention may conveniently be described by reference to an illustrative example wherein it is desired to cathodically sputter manganese or any of the well known fim-forming metals, for example, tantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, et cetera, in an apparatus of the type shown in the figure. Further, the inventive technique may be utilized in the preparation of any of the oxides, nitrides and carbides thereof,
- Substrate 17 is first vigorously cleaned. Conventional cleaning agents are suitable for this purpose, the choice of a particular one being dependent upon the composition of the substrate itself. Substrate 17 is then placed upon substrate holder 15, as shown in the figure, the latter being composed of a suitable conductor, typically, the material it is desired to deposit or any material compatible therewith.
- the vacuum techniques utilized in the practice of the present invention are known (see Vacuum Deposition of Thin Films, L. Holland, I. Wylie & Sons, Inc., New York, 1956). In accordance with such procedures, the vacuum chamber is first evacuated, flushed with an inert gas, as for example, any of the members of the rare gas family such as helium, argon or neon and the chamber re-evacuated.
- cathode 16 which may be composed of any of the above-noted film-forming metals, or, alternatively, may be covered with any of the film-forming metals, for example, in the form of a foil, is made electrically negative with respect to base plate 14 and a source of RF excitation simultaneously impressed thereon.
- the minimum voltage necessary to produce sputtering is dependent upon the particular film-forming metal employed. For example, a direct-current potential of approximately 1,000 volts may be employed to produce a sputtered layer of tantalum suitable for the purposes oi this invention, minimum voltages for other film-forming metals being well known to those skilled in the art. However, in certain instances, it may be desirable to sputter at voltages greater than or less than the noted voltage.
- the frequency employed must be at least 0.1 megacycle and may range up to the plasma frequency which is defined by the following equation:
- the use of frequencies less than 0.1 megacycle fail to significantly enhance the operation of the process since the plasma density is not appreciably increased whereas the plasma frequency, as defined above constitutes the absolute maximum beyond which the system shuts down.
- the potential of the RF source may range from 1 volt to 10 kilovolts, the limits being dictated by practical considerations.
- the next step in the invention procedure involves applying a potential to substrate holder 15 and substrate 17 whereby they are maintained at ground potential or made electrically negative or positive with respect to base plate 14, as described above.
- This end may be attained by ap plying (a) a ground potential, (b) a positive or negative direct-current potential, an alternating-current potential, (d) an RF potential or (e) an RF and a direct-current potential to holder 15 by means described above.
- holder 15 is to be maintained at a potential (with-respect to base plate 14) other than ground it may be at least :1 volt direct-current and range up to +1,000
- the cathode was biased at 4 kilovolts negative with respect to ground and an RF supply of 7.05 megacycles was impressed thereon.
- a glass microscope slide was used as the substrate.
- the slide was washed in a nonionic detergent followed by a sequential rinse in water, hydrogen peroxide and distilleddeionized water.
- the tantalum cathode was employed in the form of an arc melted ingot slab.
- the vacuum chamber was initially evacuated to a pressure of the order of 10* torr, flushed with argon and re-evacuated to a partial argon pressure of 20 millitorr.
- the substrate holder and cathode were spaced 3 inches apart, the substrate being placed upon the former.
- a direct-current voltage of 4,000 volts was impressed between the cathode and base plate 14 and an RF supply of 7.05 megacycles at 1 kilovolt impressed upon the cathode.
- the spacing between the substrate holder (anode) and cathode is not critical. However, the minimum separation is that required to produce a glow discharge. For the best efiiciency during the sputtering process, the substrate should be positioned immediately without the well known Crookes dark space.
- a layer of a film-forming metal is deposited upon substrate 17 or a dielectric oxide layer is deposited thereon depending upon the sputtering gas employed. Sputtering is conducted for a period of time calculated to produce the desired thickness.
- Example I This example describes the preparation of a sputtered tantalum film.
- a cathodic sputtering apparatus similar to that shown in the figure was used to produce the tantalum layer.
- base plate '14 and anode 15 were From the data, it was established that metal films cannot be deposited by the sole application of either low frequency or RF excitation at the cathode nor can dielectric oxide films be deposited by the sole application of low frequency excitation at the cathode using an oxygen reactive atmosphere.
- the simultaneous use of a negative potential and RF excitation at the cathode produces higher deposition rates of metal films than conventional direct-current cathodic sputtering and higher deposition rates of dielectric oxide films than by conventional reactive sputtering.
- As a result of the higher deposition rate at conventional sputtering pressures (20 millitorr) it is possible to decrease sputtering pressures to a magnitude of 0.1 millitorr and obtain conventional deposition rates.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Description
Aug. 12, 1969 F. VRATNY 3,461,054
cxmomc SPUTTERING FROM A CATHODICALLY BIASED TARGET ELECTRODE HAVING AN RF POTENTIAL SUPERIMPOSED ON THE CATHODIC BIAS Filed March 24, 1966 VII/Ill 27 26 25 24 r PF} lNVE/VTOR E l RATNY BY A T TOR/V5 V United States Patent CATHODTC SPUTTERING FRGM A CATHODI- CALLY BIASED TARGET ELECTRODE HAV- ING AN RF POTENTIAL SUPERIMPOSED ON THE CATHODIC BIAS Frederick Vratny, Berkeley Heights, NJ, assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York Fiiecl Mar. 24, 1966, Ser. No. 537,086 Int. Cl. C23c /00 US. Cl. 204192 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Enhanced deposition rates are attained during conventional cathodic sputtering or dielectric oxide reactive sputtering in a system wherein a d-c potential and RF excitation are simultaneously applied at the cathode. The resultant increased deposition rates permit operation of the process at substantially lower sputtering pressures than employed heretofore, so avoiding an apparent source of impurities.
The present invention relates to a technique for the deposition of thin films by cathodic sputtering.
In recent years, considerable interest has been generated in the electronics industry in thin film components and circuits prepared by cathodic sputtering procedures. Although widely practiced, certain limitations have precluded total exploitation of the sputtering technique. Thus, limited deposition rates during conventional and reactive sputtering, control of thickness uniformity, pressure limitations, et cetera, have adversely affected electrical and structural parameters.
In accordance with the present invention, a technique for enhancing the deposition rate during conventional or dielectric reactive sputtering is described wherein the aforementioned drawbacks are appreciably lessened. The inventive technique involves sputtering in a system in which there are three electrodes, an anode, a cathode and a third electrode, and in which the cathode member is simultaneously biased with a direct-current potential and RF excitation, the anode member being maintained at ground potential or biased at least *-1 volt with respect to the third electrode. The described technique departs from conventional diode sputtering and bias sputtering as described in copending application Ser. No, 372,537, filed June 4, 1964, now abandoned, in one major aspect, namely, the simultaneous application of a direct-current potential and RF excitation to the cathode.
The invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein:
The figure is a schematic representation of an exemplary apparatus suitable for the practice of the present invention.
With reference now more particularly to the figure, there is shown a vacuum chamber 11 provided with an outlet 12 for connection to a vacuum pump (not shown), an inlet 13 for the introduction of either an inert or reactive gas or mixtures thereof during the sputtering process, and a base plate 14 which serves the purpose of a third or ground electrode. Shown disposed within chamber 11 is a substrate holder or anode member 15 and sputtering shield 15a and a cathode member 16 and sputtering shie d 16a, member 16 being comprised of a material described hereinbelow. Cathode member 16 is connected to the negative pole 13 or a direct-current high potential supply by means of inductor 19 and to an RF supply 20 by means of capacitor 21 (the inductor and capacitor being of such value as to pass and reject RF and direct-current com- 3,461,054 Patented Aug. 12, 1969 ponents as needed), the positive pole of the direct-current supply and one end of RF supply 20 being connected to base plate 14, as at 22. Anode member 15 may be connected to (a) base plate 14, as at 23, (b) the negative pole 24- of a direct-current source, the positive pole of Which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23), (c) the positive pole 25 of a direct-current source the negative pole of which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23), (d) a source of alternating curent 26, one side of which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23), (e) an RF supply 27, one side of which is connected to base plate 14 (as at 23) or (f) a direct-current high potential supply 28 by means of inductor 29 and an RF supply 30 by means of capacitor 31, one end of said direct-current supply and said RF supply being connected to base plate 14 (as at 23).
The present invention may conveniently be described by reference to an illustrative example wherein it is desired to cathodically sputter manganese or any of the well known fim-forming metals, for example, tantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, et cetera, in an apparatus of the type shown in the figure. Further, the inventive technique may be utilized in the preparation of any of the oxides, nitrides and carbides thereof,
Substrate 17 is first vigorously cleaned. Conventional cleaning agents are suitable for this purpose, the choice of a particular one being dependent upon the composition of the substrate itself. Substrate 17 is then placed upon substrate holder 15, as shown in the figure, the latter being composed of a suitable conductor, typically, the material it is desired to deposit or any material compatible therewith. The vacuum techniques utilized in the practice of the present invention are known (see Vacuum Deposition of Thin Films, L. Holland, I. Wylie & Sons, Inc., New York, 1956). In accordance with such procedures, the vacuum chamber is first evacuated, flushed with an inert gas, as for example, any of the members of the rare gas family such as helium, argon or neon and the chamber re-evacuated. The extent of the vacuum required is dependent upon consideration of several factors which are Well known to those skilled in the art. However, for the purposes of the present invention, a practical initial pressure range is 10- to 10 torr, while suitable inert or reactive gas pressure during sputtering ranges from 10"* to 10' torr.
After the requisite pressure is attained, cathode 16 which may be composed of any of the above-noted film-forming metals, or, alternatively, may be covered with any of the film-forming metals, for example, in the form of a foil, is made electrically negative with respect to base plate 14 and a source of RF excitation simultaneously impressed thereon.
The minimum voltage necessary to produce sputtering is dependent upon the particular film-forming metal employed. For example, a direct-current potential of approximately 1,000 volts may be employed to produce a sputtered layer of tantalum suitable for the purposes oi this invention, minimum voltages for other film-forming metals being well known to those skilled in the art. However, in certain instances, it may be desirable to sputter at voltages greater than or less than the noted voltage.
With regard to the RF excitation, it has been found that in order to produce the desired efiect the frequency employed must be at least 0.1 megacycle and may range up to the plasma frequency which is defined by the following equation:
wherein n electron density e=electron charge e =dielectric constant of material sputtering, and m eifective electron mass.
The use of frequencies less than 0.1 megacycle fail to significantly enhance the operation of the process since the plasma density is not appreciably increased whereas the plasma frequency, as defined above constitutes the absolute maximum beyond which the system shuts down. The potential of the RF source may range from 1 volt to 10 kilovolts, the limits being dictated by practical considerations.
The next step in the invention procedure involves applying a potential to substrate holder 15 and substrate 17 whereby they are maintained at ground potential or made electrically negative or positive with respect to base plate 14, as described above. This end may be attained by ap plying (a) a ground potential, (b) a positive or negative direct-current potential, an alternating-current potential, (d) an RF potential or (e) an RF and a direct-current potential to holder 15 by means described above.
For the purposes of the present invention, it has been found that if holder 15 is to be maintained at a potential (with-respect to base plate 14) other than ground it may be at least :1 volt direct-current and range up to +1,000
4 grounded, the cathode was biased at 4 kilovolts negative with respect to ground and an RF supply of 7.05 megacycles was impressed thereon.
A glass microscope slide was used as the substrate. The slide was washed in a nonionic detergent followed by a sequential rinse in water, hydrogen peroxide and distilleddeionized water. The tantalum cathode was employed in the form of an arc melted ingot slab.
The vacuum chamber was initially evacuated to a pressure of the order of 10* torr, flushed with argon and re-evacuated to a partial argon pressure of 20 millitorr.
The substrate holder and cathode were spaced 3 inches apart, the substrate being placed upon the former. A direct-current voltage of 4,000 volts was impressed between the cathode and base plate 14 and an RF supply of 7.05 megacycles at 1 kilovolt impressed upon the cathode.
Sputtering was conducted for minutes, so resulting in a tantalum film 2,830 angstroms thick, the deposition rate being approximately 94.2 angstroms/minute. The resultant film evidenced a specific resistivity of 51 microhm-cm.
For comparative purposes the procedure described above was repeated with and without RF and with and without direct current varying the parameters slightly. The results are set forth in the table below.
TABLE Example Cathode Deposition rate, A./mi.n.
D.C. at cathode Pressure RF Freq. (millitorr) 1 N0 Discharge.
volts on the positive side and approximately -5,000 volts on the negative side. Alternatively, an alternating-current potential ranging up to 5,000 volts may be applied to the ungrounded substrate holder, so attaining similar results. The RF requirements in the remaining alternatives are as previously discussed.
The spacing between the substrate holder (anode) and cathode is not critical. However, the minimum separation is that required to produce a glow discharge. For the best efiiciency during the sputtering process, the substrate should be positioned immediately without the well known Crookes dark space.
The balancing of the various factors of voltage, pressure and relatives positions of the cathode and substrate holder to obtain a high quality deposit is well known in the sputtering art.
With reference now more particularly to the example under discussion, by employing a proper voltage, pressure and spacing of the various elements within the vacuum chamber, a layer of a film-forming metal is deposited upon substrate 17 or a dielectric oxide layer is deposited thereon depending upon the sputtering gas employed. Sputtering is conducted for a period of time calculated to produce the desired thickness.
Several examples of the present invention are described in detail below. These examples are included merely to aid in the understanding of the invention, and variations may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example I This example describes the preparation of a sputtered tantalum film.
A cathodic sputtering apparatus similar to that shown in the figure was used to produce the tantalum layer. In the apparatus employed, base plate '14 and anode 15 were From the data, it was established that metal films cannot be deposited by the sole application of either low frequency or RF excitation at the cathode nor can dielectric oxide films be deposited by the sole application of low frequency excitation at the cathode using an oxygen reactive atmosphere. On the other hand, the simultaneous use of a negative potential and RF excitation at the cathode produces higher deposition rates of metal films than conventional direct-current cathodic sputtering and higher deposition rates of dielectric oxide films than by conventional reactive sputtering. As a result of the higher deposition rate at conventional sputtering pressures (20 millitorr) it is possible to decrease sputtering pressures to a magnitude of 0.1 millitorr and obtain conventional deposition rates.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing specification, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a screen plate or ring assembly and magnetic field may be employed for further increasing the plasma density and sputtering rate.
What is claimed is:
1. A method for the deposition of thin films upon a substrate by cathodic sputtering in a vacuum chamber in which are disposed a first electrode which is designated a target electrode and serves as a source of material to be sputtered which is conductive in nature, a second electrode having a substrate positioned thereon and a third electrode which serves as a reference electrode which comprises the steps of evacuating the said vacuum chamber, admitting a sputtering gas thereto and simultaneously biasing said first electrode with RF excitation having a potential of at least one volt at a frequency of at least 0.1 megacycle and a negative direct current, said first electrode being negative with respect to said third electrode and biasing the said second electrode and substrate with respect to said third electrode.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second electrode and said third electrode are maintained at the same potential.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second electrode is biased positive with respect to said third electrode.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second electrode is biased negative with respect to said third electrode.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second electrode is biased with RF excitation with respect to said third electrode.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second electrode is simultaneously biased positive with a direct-current potential and RF excitation with respect to said third electrode.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said second electrode is simultaneously biased negative with a direct-current potential and RF excitation with respect to said third electrode.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,258,413 7/1965 Pendergast 204-492 3,347,772 10/1967 Laegreid et al. 204*298 3,287,243 11/1966 Ligenza 204192 ROBERT K. MIHALEK, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 204-298
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US53708666A | 1966-03-24 | 1966-03-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3461054A true US3461054A (en) | 1969-08-12 |
Family
ID=24141146
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US537086A Expired - Lifetime US3461054A (en) | 1966-03-24 | 1966-03-24 | Cathodic sputtering from a cathodically biased target electrode having an rf potential superimposed on the cathodic bias |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3461054A (en) |
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3617459A (en) * | 1967-09-15 | 1971-11-02 | Ibm | Rf sputtering method and apparatus for producing insulating films of varied physical properties |
US3669863A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1972-06-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Technique for the preparation of iron oxide films by cathodic sputtering |
US3676320A (en) * | 1969-03-17 | 1972-07-11 | Disa Elektronik As | Method for depositing thin films on thin elongated electrically insulating substrates |
US3755123A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1973-08-28 | Method for sputtering a film on an irregular surface | |
US4039416A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1977-08-02 | White Gerald W | Gasless ion plating |
US4082040A (en) * | 1975-08-01 | 1978-04-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Lithographic printing plate |
USRE30401E (en) * | 1978-07-07 | 1980-09-09 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Gasless ion plating |
US4618477A (en) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-10-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Uniform plasma for drill smear removal reactor |
US4874494A (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1989-10-17 | Tadahiro Ohmi | Semiconductor manufacturing apparatus |
EP0347567A2 (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1989-12-27 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Device for coating a substrate with a dielectric |
US4959136A (en) * | 1986-09-17 | 1990-09-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for making an amorphous aluminum-nitrogen alloy layer |
EP0607786A2 (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-07-27 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for coating substrates |
US5360765A (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1994-11-01 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Method of forming electrodes of semiconductor device |
US5466665A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-11-14 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin film |
US5498291A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1996-03-12 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for coating or etching substrates |
US5507930A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1996-04-16 | Komag, Incorporated | Method of sputtering a carbon protective film on a magnetic disk by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC bias voltage |
US5525199A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1996-06-11 | Optical Corporation Of America | Low pressure reactive magnetron sputtering apparatus and method |
US5614291A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1997-03-25 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
US5693197A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1997-12-02 | Hmt Technology Corporation | DC magnetron sputtering method and apparatus |
US5741406A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1998-04-21 | Northerwestern University | Solid oxide fuel cells having dense yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte films and method of depositing electrolyte films |
US5876861A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1999-03-02 | Nippondenso Company, Ltd. | Sputter-deposited nickel layer |
US6217951B1 (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 2001-04-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Impurity introduction method and apparatus thereof and method of manufacturing semiconductor device |
US6280585B1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 2001-08-28 | Ulvac, Inc. | Sputtering apparatus for filling pores of a circular substrate |
US6290821B1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2001-09-18 | Seagate Technology Llc | Sputter deposition utilizing pulsed cathode and substrate bias power |
US6784080B2 (en) | 1995-10-23 | 2004-08-31 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing semiconductor device by sputter doping |
US20060048894A1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2006-03-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd., A Japan Corporation | Dry etching apparatus, etching method, and method of forming a wiring |
US20060066248A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Zond, Inc. | Apparatus for generating high current electrical discharges |
US20060073690A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus and method for metal plasma vapor deposition and re-sputter with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US20060073700A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for forming a barrier layer in an integrated circuit in a plasma with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US20060073283A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus for metal plasma vapor deposition and re-sputter with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US20060172536A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Brown Karl M | Apparatus for plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition of copper with RF source power applied through the workpiece |
US20070119701A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-05-31 | Zond, Inc. | High-Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering |
US20070181417A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2007-08-09 | Zond, Inc. | Plasma Source With Segmented Magnetron |
US20100270144A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2010-10-28 | Zond, Inc. | High Power Pulse Magnetron Sputtering For High Aspect-Ratio Features, Vias, and Trenches |
US20100326815A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2010-12-30 | Zond, Inc. | High Power Pulse Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition |
US20110133651A1 (en) * | 2004-02-22 | 2011-06-09 | Zond, Inc. | Methods And Apparatus For Generating Strongly-Ionized Plasmas With Ionizational Instabilities |
US10964590B2 (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2021-03-30 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Contact metallization process |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3258413A (en) * | 1961-12-20 | 1966-06-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Method for the fabrication of tantalum film resistors |
US3287243A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1966-11-22 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Deposition of insulating films by cathode sputtering in an rf-supported discharge |
US3347772A (en) * | 1964-03-02 | 1967-10-17 | Schjeldahl Co G T | Rf sputtering apparatus including a capacitive lead-in for an rf potential |
-
1966
- 1966-03-24 US US537086A patent/US3461054A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3258413A (en) * | 1961-12-20 | 1966-06-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Method for the fabrication of tantalum film resistors |
US3347772A (en) * | 1964-03-02 | 1967-10-17 | Schjeldahl Co G T | Rf sputtering apparatus including a capacitive lead-in for an rf potential |
US3287243A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1966-11-22 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Deposition of insulating films by cathode sputtering in an rf-supported discharge |
Cited By (63)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3617459A (en) * | 1967-09-15 | 1971-11-02 | Ibm | Rf sputtering method and apparatus for producing insulating films of varied physical properties |
US3676320A (en) * | 1969-03-17 | 1972-07-11 | Disa Elektronik As | Method for depositing thin films on thin elongated electrically insulating substrates |
US3669863A (en) * | 1970-12-28 | 1972-06-13 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Technique for the preparation of iron oxide films by cathodic sputtering |
US3755123A (en) * | 1971-03-30 | 1973-08-28 | Method for sputtering a film on an irregular surface | |
US4039416A (en) * | 1975-04-21 | 1977-08-02 | White Gerald W | Gasless ion plating |
US4082040A (en) * | 1975-08-01 | 1978-04-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Lithographic printing plate |
USRE30401E (en) * | 1978-07-07 | 1980-09-09 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Gasless ion plating |
US4618477A (en) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-10-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Uniform plasma for drill smear removal reactor |
US4874494A (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1989-10-17 | Tadahiro Ohmi | Semiconductor manufacturing apparatus |
US4959136A (en) * | 1986-09-17 | 1990-09-25 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method for making an amorphous aluminum-nitrogen alloy layer |
US4931169A (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1990-06-05 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for coating a substrate with dielectrics |
EP0347567A2 (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1989-12-27 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Device for coating a substrate with a dielectric |
EP0347567A3 (en) * | 1988-06-23 | 1991-07-17 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Device for coating a substrate with a dielectric |
US5876861A (en) * | 1988-09-15 | 1999-03-02 | Nippondenso Company, Ltd. | Sputter-deposited nickel layer |
US5614291A (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1997-03-25 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
US5360765A (en) * | 1991-07-17 | 1994-11-01 | Nippondenso Co., Ltd. | Method of forming electrodes of semiconductor device |
US5525199A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1996-06-11 | Optical Corporation Of America | Low pressure reactive magnetron sputtering apparatus and method |
US5851365A (en) * | 1991-11-13 | 1998-12-22 | Corning Oca Corporation | Low pressure reactive magnetron sputtering apparatus and method |
US5507930A (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1996-04-16 | Komag, Incorporated | Method of sputtering a carbon protective film on a magnetic disk by superimposing an AC voltage on a DC bias voltage |
US6280585B1 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 2001-08-28 | Ulvac, Inc. | Sputtering apparatus for filling pores of a circular substrate |
US5498291A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1996-03-12 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for coating or etching substrates |
EP0607786A3 (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1995-03-22 | Leybold Ag | Apparatus for coating substrates. |
DE4301189C2 (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 2000-12-14 | Leybold Ag | Device for coating substrates |
US5423971A (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1995-06-13 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for coating substrates |
EP0607786A2 (en) * | 1993-01-19 | 1994-07-27 | Leybold Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus for coating substrates |
US5466665A (en) * | 1993-06-24 | 1995-11-14 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of manufacturing Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thin film |
US5693197A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1997-12-02 | Hmt Technology Corporation | DC magnetron sputtering method and apparatus |
US6784080B2 (en) | 1995-10-23 | 2004-08-31 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing semiconductor device by sputter doping |
US6217951B1 (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 2001-04-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Impurity introduction method and apparatus thereof and method of manufacturing semiconductor device |
US5741406A (en) * | 1996-04-02 | 1998-04-21 | Northerwestern University | Solid oxide fuel cells having dense yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte films and method of depositing electrolyte films |
US6290821B1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2001-09-18 | Seagate Technology Llc | Sputter deposition utilizing pulsed cathode and substrate bias power |
US20060048894A1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2006-03-09 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd., A Japan Corporation | Dry etching apparatus, etching method, and method of forming a wiring |
US20070119701A1 (en) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-05-31 | Zond, Inc. | High-Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering |
US20100326815A1 (en) * | 2002-11-14 | 2010-12-30 | Zond, Inc. | High Power Pulse Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition |
US20100270144A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2010-10-28 | Zond, Inc. | High Power Pulse Magnetron Sputtering For High Aspect-Ratio Features, Vias, and Trenches |
US20090321249A1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2009-12-31 | Zond, Inc. | Method of Hard Coating a Blade |
US9123508B2 (en) | 2004-02-22 | 2015-09-01 | Zond, Llc | Apparatus and method for sputtering hard coatings |
US20110133651A1 (en) * | 2004-02-22 | 2011-06-09 | Zond, Inc. | Methods And Apparatus For Generating Strongly-Ionized Plasmas With Ionizational Instabilities |
US20070181417A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2007-08-09 | Zond, Inc. | Plasma Source With Segmented Magnetron |
US9771648B2 (en) | 2004-08-13 | 2017-09-26 | Zond, Inc. | Method of ionized physical vapor deposition sputter coating high aspect-ratio structures |
US20060066248A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Zond, Inc. | Apparatus for generating high current electrical discharges |
US20060073283A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus for metal plasma vapor deposition and re-sputter with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US7268076B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2007-09-11 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus and method for metal plasma vapor deposition and re-sputter with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US7214619B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2007-05-08 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for forming a barrier layer in an integrated circuit in a plasma with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US20060073700A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for forming a barrier layer in an integrated circuit in a plasma with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US7399943B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 | 2008-07-15 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus for metal plasma vapor deposition and re-sputter with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US20060073690A1 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-06 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus and method for metal plasma vapor deposition and re-sputter with source and bias power frequencies applied through the workpiece |
US20060169584A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Applied Materials Inc. | Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with RF source power applied to the target |
US20070193982A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2007-08-23 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with arcing suppression |
US7244344B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2007-07-17 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with VHF source power applied through the workpiece |
US20060191876A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-31 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method of performing physical vapor deposition with RF plasma source power applied to the target using a magnetron |
US7804040B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2010-09-28 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with arcing suppression |
US7820020B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2010-10-26 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus for plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition of copper with RF source power applied through the workpiece with a lighter-than-copper carrier gas |
US20060169576A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with VHF source power applied through the workpiece |
US20060172517A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition of copper with RF source power applied to the target |
US20060169578A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Apparatus for plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition of copper with RF source power applied through the workpiece with a lighter-than-copper carrier gas |
US8062484B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2011-11-22 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method for plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition of copper with RF source power applied to the target |
US8512526B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2013-08-20 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Method of performing physical vapor deposition with RF plasma source power applied to the target using a magnetron |
US8562798B2 (en) | 2005-02-03 | 2013-10-22 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with RF source power applied to the target and having a magnetron |
US20060169582A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Physical vapor deposition plasma reactor with RF source power applied to the target and having a magnetron |
US20060172536A1 (en) * | 2005-02-03 | 2006-08-03 | Brown Karl M | Apparatus for plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition of copper with RF source power applied through the workpiece |
US10964590B2 (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2021-03-30 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Contact metallization process |
US20210280462A1 (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2021-09-09 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Contact Metallization Process |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3461054A (en) | Cathodic sputtering from a cathodically biased target electrode having an rf potential superimposed on the cathodic bias | |
US3767551A (en) | Radio frequency sputter apparatus and method | |
US3985635A (en) | Apparatus for concurrently sputtering different materials | |
US3763031A (en) | Rf sputtering apparatus | |
US4046659A (en) | Method for coating a substrate | |
US3961103A (en) | Film deposition | |
US3617459A (en) | Rf sputtering method and apparatus for producing insulating films of varied physical properties | |
US3516919A (en) | Apparatus for the sputtering of materials | |
US3594295A (en) | Rf sputtering of insulator materials | |
US5728278A (en) | Plasma processing apparatus | |
US3892650A (en) | Chemical sputtering purification process | |
US3562142A (en) | R.f.sputter plating method and apparatus employing control of ion and electron bombardment of the plating | |
US3410775A (en) | Electrostatic control of electron movement in cathode sputtering | |
US4392932A (en) | Method for obtaining uniform etch by modulating bias on extension member around radio frequency etch table | |
US3294669A (en) | Apparatus for sputtering in a highly purified gas atmosphere | |
US3723838A (en) | Nitrogen-doped beta tantalum capacitor | |
JPS6134510B2 (en) | ||
US3839182A (en) | Triode device for sputtering material by means of a low voltage discharge | |
US3479269A (en) | Method for sputter etching using a high frequency negative pulse train | |
EP0326531B1 (en) | Improved rf plasma processing apparatus | |
US3471396A (en) | R.f. cathodic sputtering apparatus having an electrically conductive housing | |
JPH07224379A (en) | Sputtering method and device therefor | |
US3481854A (en) | Preparation of thin cermet films by radio frequency sputtering | |
US2467953A (en) | Use of glow discharge in vacuum coating processes | |
US3336211A (en) | Reduction of oxides by ion bombardment |