US3407133A - Expendable electrophoresis apparatus - Google Patents

Expendable electrophoresis apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3407133A
US3407133A US465059A US46505965A US3407133A US 3407133 A US3407133 A US 3407133A US 465059 A US465059 A US 465059A US 46505965 A US46505965 A US 46505965A US 3407133 A US3407133 A US 3407133A
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Prior art keywords
chamber
vessels
lid
gel
medium
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Expired - Lifetime
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US465059A
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English (en)
Inventor
William E Oliva
Charles A Schlutz
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Cooper Laboratories Inc
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Baxter Laboratories Inc
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Application filed by Baxter Laboratories Inc filed Critical Baxter Laboratories Inc
Priority to US465059A priority Critical patent/US3407133A/en
Priority to GB20404/66A priority patent/GB1149532A/en
Priority to DK297566AA priority patent/DK123674B/da
Priority to SE8269/66A priority patent/SE317827B/xx
Priority to DE19661598557 priority patent/DE1598557C3/de
Priority to DEH55840U priority patent/DE1948191U/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3407133A publication Critical patent/US3407133A/en
Assigned to COOPER LABORATORES, INC. reassignment COOPER LABORATORES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BAXTER TRAVENOL LABORATORIES, INC., A CORP. OF DE
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44756—Apparatus specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • This application relates to the separation of mixtures by differential migration of components through a transport medium in an electric field and more particularly to a new and improved expendable plastic electrophoresis test unit for particle separation in a buffer system to which direct current is applied.
  • electrophoresis apparatus presently used is of such design that each setup involves the gathering together and assembly of various pieces of costly and sometimes cumbersome equipment. To accommodate more than one test at a time requires the possession and use of duplicate apparatus, compounding the expense and increasing the probability of error due to improper disassembly and cleaning after use.
  • the present invention makes available for clinical use a kit-type expendable single use apparatus. This quality enables the operator to normally work with a much smaller piece of equipment and further releases him from the problems of assembly and cleanup mentioned above necessitated by reuse of any piece of laboratory equipment. With all necessary comnited States Patent O 3,407,133 Patented Oct. 22, 1968 lCe ponent materials and equipment supplied in a single package including a plurality of lids adapted to contain transport medium many of the above problems are obviated.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a means of performing electrophoretic tests whereby all necessary test components for the particle separation procedure are provided in a single kit.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a new and improved means for supporting a pre-poured gel medium for passage of electric current therethrough for particle migration therein.
  • Another object is to provide a new and novel means for depositing test samples upon a suitable gel support medium for electrophoresis particle migration.
  • Another object is to provide an improved means of providing current through a buffer in a gel medium in an electrophoresis test apparatus.
  • a feature of the present invention is the provision of a compact, disposable electrophoresis test apparatus formed of a plastic material and including a base chamber with removable buffer vessels positioned therein and having electrode means and a lid adapted to position a gel support medium between the buffer vessels.
  • Another feature is the provision of an integrally formed multi-reservoir electrophoresis chamber wherein a pair of spaced buffer vessels are provided with a buffer in contact with a gel medium provided in a plastic lid for imposition of direct current upon the system with consequent passage of the current through the gel medium.
  • Still another feature is the provision of an integrally formed multi-reservoir electrophoresis chamber wherein a pair of spaced electrode containing buffer vessels are provided with a wick to maintain a buffer in contact with a gel medium poured and set in a plastic lid for imposition of direct current upon the system with consequent passage of the current through the gel medium.
  • a further feature is the provision of a plastic lid for an electrophoresis chamber, the lid being adapted to contain a gel support medium and formed to receive a further lid thereon in stacked relationship for compact shipping of a plurality of lids with a single base chamber.
  • Still another feature of the invention is the provision of a template for forming predetermined spaced test sample wells in a solid gel medium.
  • Another feature of the invention is the provision of foil electrodes formed to substantially fit a pair of buffer vessels and having means for connection to a source of current.
  • FIGURE l is a plan view of the electrophoresis kit of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is an enlarged plan view of the apparatus of FIGURE l with the lid removed;
  • FIGURE 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken along lines 3--3 of FIGURE l;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective illustration of the lid and template of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 5 is a typical partial sectional view as taken generally along, and in the direction of any of the lines 5--5 of FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 6 is a plan view of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is a plan view of the device of FIGURE 6 with the lid removed;
  • FIGURE 8 is a horizontal sectional View taken generally along, and in the direction of lines 8-8 of FIG- URE 6;
  • FIGURE 9 is a side view of the apparatus of FIGURE 6.
  • FIGURE 10 is a partial sectional view identical t0 FIGURE 5 showing the foil electrode in the operable position.
  • the electrophoresis kit of the present invention shown in FIGURE 1 is indicated generally by the reference numeral 10 and includes a substantially rectangular electrophoresis chamber 12 having sidewalls 14 and end walls 16 surrounding, and extending upwardly from, a flat base portion 18 (see FIGURE 3).
  • Each of the walls 14 and 16 is provided with an area of reduced thickness at the upper edge portion defining an L-shaped lid rest in the walls 14 and 16.
  • the chamber 12 is shown with a lid 20 resting upon the top portion thereof.
  • the lid 20, as illustrated in more detail in FIGURE 3 is formed with an upper portion of reduced outer peripheral dimension defining an outer ledge 22 to accommodate stacking additional lids one upon the other for shipment as a compact unit.
  • An inner ledge 23 is likewise formed on the lid 20 to rest upon the chamber walls upon assembly of the kit.
  • the top portion of the walls 14 and 16 together with the inner ledge 23 thus provide complementary engageable surfaces as shown in FIGURES 3 and 5.
  • FIGURE 2 an enlarged view of the unit 10 of FIG- URE 1, shows the chamber 12 with lid 20 removed.
  • a pair of substantially rectangular buffer vessels 24 and 26 Positioned within the chamber 12 are a pair of substantially rectangular buffer vessels 24 and 26.
  • the vessels 24 and 26 are open -at the top and positioned parallel to the end walls 16 of the chamber 12.
  • Vessel support pads 28 are provided upon the base 18 and extend upwardly therefrom to provide support for the vessels 24 and 26 within chamber 12 maintaining the vessels 24 and 26 in predetermined vertical position within the chamber 12.
  • the support pads 28 for the vessels 24 and 26 further hold them in spaced longitudinal relationship within the chamber 12 until removed by lifting from the chamber 12.
  • Recesses 32 are formed in the outer surface of the side walls 14 to receive the nubs 33 formed on the lid 20 to hold the lid in its closed position upon the chamber 12 during electrophoresis.
  • the vessels 24 and 26 may 'be provided with integrally formed outwardly projecting hanger tabs (not shown) to allow suspension of the buffer vessels within the chamber 12 from the walls thereof.
  • a foil electrode 34 of suitable electrical conducting properties is provided for retention within each of the buffer vessels 24 and 26 and is shaped to substantially fit within the vessels 24 and 26 as seen in FIGURES 2 and 3.
  • Each foil electrode 34 has an outwardly extending tab portion 36 which is adapted to protrude from the chamber 12.
  • the tabs 36 are connected to a suitable source of direct current 38 through switch 39.
  • the tabs 36 are illustrated in their extended outfolded operable position in FIGURE 2. It will be understood that although foil electrodes are illustrated, other known electrodes such as nichrome or platinum wire (as seen in FIGURE 8) may be used.
  • each lid 20 supplied with the kit and may be contained within the vacant section of the chamber 12 between the buffer vessels.
  • the electrode may in fact be painted or printed in the buffer vessels 24 and 26 without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
  • the foil electrode tabs 36 When assembled as a kit for distribution to the user the foil electrode tabs 36 may be folded as seen in FIG- URE 3 over the top of a sponge wick 40 provided in each of the buffer vessels 24 and 26 of the unit 10.
  • the sponge wicks 40 of suitable porosity carry and convey a buffer solution poured into vessels 24 and 26 prior to electrophoresis to provide the buffer communication 4between the vessels 24 and 26 and the gel support medium, which will be discussed in the description of FIGURE 3.
  • the sponge wicks 40 are shown formed to tit the vessels 24 and 26 conforming substantially to the internal dirnensions of the vessels and upon saturation with buffer solution contact the gel within lid 20 upon closure of the chamber 12.
  • a lid 20 is illustrated in position upon the chamber 12 to effectively enclose the chamber 12 to aid in prevention of evaporation therefrom.
  • the lid 20 is further formed to receive and contain a suitable gel medium 46 by providing a gel reservoir 42 when positioned for the receipt of gel therein.
  • the gel reservoir 42 within the lid 20 is defined by the vertically extending peripheral wall 44 of lid 20. It will be understood that the gel medium may be pre-poured and thus packaged and provided by the manufacturer with the lid 20; or alternatively it may be poured by the user. With the lid -20 in position upon the chamber 12, the gel medium at the end portions of lid 20 rests in electrical contact upon the sponge wicks 40.
  • the lid, buffer vessels and Sponges are dimensionally proportioned so that the gel may adequately contact but not unduly compress the sponges.
  • Vertically extending gel retainers 48 may be formed upon the inside surface of the lid 20 extending laterally thereacross in spaced relationship thereon to aid in holding the semi-solid support medium 46 in position within the lid 20 when inverted and locked in position upon charnber 12 for operation of the apparatus.
  • a second lid 50 is illustrated in phantom in FIGURE 3 to show the stacked relationship between the lids.
  • the lids 20 and 50 are of like construction and are thus adapted to form a compact package for shipment and storage. In this manner several lids may be provided with a single chamber 12.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a lid 20 in position to receive a gel pour therein.
  • Nubs 33 are integrally formed on the inner walls of the lid 20 and are provided to engage the depressions 32 in the outer surface of chamber 12 when the lid is placed in position thereon. In this manner a relatively tight fit is accomplished to hold the gel medium 46 on Sponges 40 and further to inhibit evaporation during electrophoresis.
  • a template 52 as seen in FIGURE 4 is used to locate test sample well formation in the gel support medium within lid 20.
  • Template 52 is illustrated with a plurality of openings 53 through which a suitable well drilling tool may be passed to form the wells.
  • FIGURE 5 shows, in an enlarged fragmentary manner, a portion of the lid 20 in place upon the chamber 12.
  • the foil electrode 34 is shown folded over the sponge wick 40 with foil tab 36 in its non-operable position.
  • the foil electrode 34 as provided with the unit 10 lines the inner side wall and bottom of each of the buffer vessels 24 and 26 and is adapted to be folded outwardly and pass between the top surface of the wall 44 of lid 20 and top of the wall of chamber 12 (as shown in FIGURE l0).
  • the sponge wick 40 contacts the buffered gel medium 46.
  • FIGURE 6 is a plan view of a modification of the electrophoresis test unit of FIGURE l and shows a lid 20 provided upon a chamber 56 having side walls 58 and end walls 60.
  • the chamber 56 has integrally formed divider walls 62 and 64, as seen in FIGURES 7 and 8, which detine with walls 58 and 60 a pair of buffer vessels 66 and 68 in longitudinal spaced relationship therein.
  • the walls 62 and 64 are vertically coextensive with the outer walls 58 and 60 of the chamber 56.
  • Sponge wicks 40 are positioned within the buier vessels 66 and 68 to convey buier to a gel medium 46 which is contained in the lid 20.
  • a Wire electrode 70 is provided through each opening 72 in the side walls 58.
  • the lid 20, which is adapted for complementary interlocking engagement with the upper peripheral edge of the side walls 58 of chamber 56, is of similar construction to that described in reference to unit of FIGURE 3.
  • FIGURE 8 shows the lid 20 in position upon the chamber 56 and is a further view of integrally formed dividers 62 and 64 which separate chamber 56 into three compartments including the buffer vessels 66 and 68 and a vacant chamber 74 therebetween.
  • FIGURE 9 is a side view of the electrophoresis kit of the present invention showing an ice pack 76 positioned upon the top of the lid to serve as a coolant during electrophoresis.
  • FIGURE 10 is a view similar to FIGURE 5 and shows the foil electrode 34 in its folded out operable position whereby it resides between the complementary engaging wall surfaces of the lid 20 and chamber 56.
  • the test sample which may contain proteins, peptides, and amino acids, or like materials subject to electrophoretic particle separation, is deposited within a buffered support medium.
  • the support medium described and illustrated herein is gel, although other known medias such as lter paper or cellulose acetate may be utilized.
  • the gel which may have been pre-poured by the supplier or alternatively prepared and poured by the user is contained within a lid 20 provided with the test kit of the present invention.
  • the test sample is placed at predetermined positions in contact with the solid gel.
  • a template 52 may be used to locate a well position wherein a suitable removal device is used to take gel from the lid 20 through openings 53 formed in the template 52.
  • the bulered gel as discussed above in the description of FIGURE 5 is maintained within the lid 20 by wall 44 and further by gel retainers 48. In this manner, when the test sample perfuses the solid gel, the lid is ready to be inverted and positioned upon the chamber 12. Since the butter vessels 24 and 26 are provided with wicks 40 which rest with their top portions substantially in vertical alignment with the upper edges of the chamber 12, the gel medium will rest in electrical contact with the buier saturated sponge wicks 40 with the lid 20 in place for operation.
  • a buier solution Prior to lid placement, a buier solution is poured over the wicks 40 in vessels 24 and 26. Since the gel medium in lid 20 is prebuffered, with the lid in place there exists a system or path of continuous buffer from one vessel 24 through the gel medium 46 to the second vessel 26, electively completing a circuit through switch 39.
  • To initiate electrophoresis direct current is applied through the components of the system. This is accomplished by connecting the foil electrodes 34 which are provided within the buffer vessels 24 and 26 to a suitable current source 38. It will be understood that passage of current causes flow of buffer ion salts to migrate through the buffer-gel system. In operation heat is generated within the system as an incident to the imposition of direct current on the system.
  • ice pack 76 is positioned upon the unit 10 to dissipate heat generated within the chamber. It will be understood that any suitable coolant means may be employed to accomplish the above stated heat exchange objective. The coolant could be positioned in the vacant center chamber between the vessels.
  • the potential is applied through the system for a predetermined length of time, after which a suitable method of analysis is employed to locate and identify the electrophoretically separated constituents of the test sample.
  • a suitable method of analysis is employed to locate and identify the electrophoretically separated constituents of the test sample.
  • the direction and rate of particle migration are functions of the magnitude of the field, the charge on the particles, the pH of the buffer, and othei factors such as particle size, viscosity and the like.
  • particles is used to denote material of extremely small dimension, e.g. molecules such as amino acids.
  • a relatively inexpensive, expendable electrophoresis apparatus which includes all of the necessary parameters for testing and is so constructed as to oier a compact unit which may include several gel lids with a single disposable electrophoresis chamber.
  • An expendable electrophoresis test kit comprising:
  • a plastic chamber having means defining a pair of spaced buffer solution vessels therein,
  • said last named means including a generally dish shaped removable plastic lid portion positioned upon said chamber,
  • means including electrodes within the buier solution vessels to provide passage of current through said buffer solution builered gel medium to permit charged particle migration within said gel medium for particle group identification therein.
  • An expendable electrophoresis test kit comprising:
  • a plastic chamber having a pair of spaced inner walls defining a pair of spaced buter solution vessels therein,
  • said last named means including a dish shaped plastic lid portion
  • means including electrodes within the buffer solution vessels for passage of current through said buffer solution and buffered gel medium to provide charged particle migration within said gel medium, and a ledge formed upon said lid to provide for stacking an identical lid in nested relationship thereon to provide compact plurality of lids with a single base chamber.
  • An expendable electrophoretic test kit for particle migration within a buffered gel medium comprising:
  • a removable lid positioned in said chamber and adapted to hold a buffered gel support medium on its under surface, over and between said vessels in electrolytic contact with the buffer solution therein whereby passage of current within the system promotes electrophoretic particle migration of a test sample within the buiered gel support medium.
  • An expendable electrophoresis kit for particle 1migration within a bulered gel medium comprising: current ow therethrough comprising:
  • a plastic lid removably positioned upon the chamber and including gel medium support means 0n its under surface for providing a buffered gel bridge between the wicks whereby imposition of potential between the vessels through the gel medium induces particle migration therein.
  • An expendable electrophoretic test kit for particle migration within a buffered gel medium comprising:
  • a substantially rectangular open top plastic chamber a pair of longitudinally spaced plastic vessels removably positioned within said chamber and open at the upper portion thereof, said vessels provided to conhaving means for connection to a source of potenpotential to pass electrical current through the buffered solution in said buffer vessels,
  • An expendable electrophoresis kit comprising: upon connection to a source of direct Current, a substantially rectangular open top plastic chamber, abuffered gel support medium, a pair of vertically extending lateral walls integrally a lid removably positioned to enclose said chamber formed adjacent each end of said chamber and lonand to receive and maintain said gel support medgitudinally spaced to define a pair of buffer vessels ium on its under surface over said buffer vessels in therein, said walls being vertically co-extensive with current passing relationship whereby passage of the outer walls of said chamber whereby said vescurrent through the system prOmOtCS ClCrOpllOresels are adapted to receive a buffer solution therein, tic particle migration of a test sample Within the a wick within each of said 'buffer vessels to hold the gel.
  • a plastic lid portion Positioned Within said ehsrnher and oPen at the top a plastic lid portion removably positioned upon said and provded to contain a buffered solution therein, ehamber, a foil electrode positioned within each of said vessels a Ibuffered gel support medium provided within said to provide electrical potential to the buffer ⁇ upon conlid, nection to a source of current, means formed within said lid portion to hold the bufapOrOuS Wick Within each of Said Vessels, fered gel medium on its under surface over said abuffered gel support medium, vessels in electrical contact therewith whereby ow a lid removably positioned to enclose said chamber of current within the system promotes particle mi and t0 receive and maintain Said gel Support med- 3'; gration of a test sample Within a buffered gel Supium on its under surface over said buffer vessels in port medium and a template for predetermined test Passing relationship whereby Passage of Current sample well location within the gel support medium
  • An eXPendable electrophoresis kit Comprising: 40 buier vessels with electrodes therein comprising: a substantially rectangular open top plastic chamber, a substantially flat base portion, a Pair of vertically extending lateral Walls integrally a vertically extending wall formed at the periphery formed adjacent each end of said chamber and lon- Of the base portion, gitndinally sP' leed to detlne a Pair of butter Vessels gel support medium retaining means provided within therein, said walls being vertically co-extensive with the base te hold the gel within a lid upon inversion the outer walls of Said Chamber whereby said Ves' thereof for positioning the gel in electrical contact sels are adapted to receive a buffer solution therein, with the bulfer Vessels, and locking means on
  • a lid portion removably positioned upon said chamber providing a cover therefor to prevent evaporaphoress test chamber having a pair of spaced buffer vessels with electrodes therein to position the buffered gel support medium over land between the spaced buffer vessel;
  • gel retaining means integrally formed within said member, fastening means upon said wall to lock the lid upon the test chamber during electrophoresis and further seal the chamber minimizing evaporation therefrom.
  • an expendable electrophoresis chamber including a chamber having a pair of spaced buffer vessels and including electrode means within the vessels adapted for connection to a source of direct current, a gel medium support retaining lid to hold a buffered gel between the vessels in electrical contact therewith comprising:
  • a base portion having an upwardly extending peripheral wall, and of a configuration to cover the chamber, locking means formed upon said peripheral wall to hold the lid in position upon the chamber during electrophoresis to inhibit evaporation therefrom.
  • An expendable electrophoresis kit comprising:
  • each of said buier vessels having means for connection to a source of means provided within the base portion to maintain solid gel in position thereon when said ⁇ base portion is in its inverted operable position upon the unit, said base portion having means formed upon the Wall defining a peripheral for receiving in stacked relationship an additional lid thereon.
US465059A 1965-06-18 1965-06-18 Expendable electrophoresis apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3407133A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US465059A US3407133A (en) 1965-06-18 1965-06-18 Expendable electrophoresis apparatus
GB20404/66A GB1149532A (en) 1965-06-18 1966-05-09 Expendable electrophoresis apparatus
DK297566AA DK123674B (da) 1965-06-18 1966-06-10 Engangs elektroforeseapparat.
SE8269/66A SE317827B (de) 1965-06-18 1966-06-17
DE19661598557 DE1598557C3 (de) 1965-06-18 1966-06-18 Elektrophorese-Prüfvorrichtung
DEH55840U DE1948191U (de) 1965-06-18 1966-06-18 Vorrichtung zum durchfuehren elektrophoretischer untersuchungen.

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US465059A US3407133A (en) 1965-06-18 1965-06-18 Expendable electrophoresis apparatus

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US3407133A true US3407133A (en) 1968-10-22

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US (1) US3407133A (de)
DE (1) DE1948191U (de)
DK (1) DK123674B (de)
GB (1) GB1149532A (de)
SE (1) SE317827B (de)

Cited By (35)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3497437A (en) * 1967-06-21 1970-02-24 Baxter Laboratories Inc Method of electrophoresis
US3499360A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-03-10 Charles L Davis Pattern cutting device and indexing system
US3674678A (en) * 1970-10-28 1972-07-04 Millipore Corp Electrophoretic apparatus
US3715295A (en) * 1971-09-02 1973-02-06 Tlc Corp Disposable electrophoresis unit
JPS4842796A (de) * 1971-09-24 1973-06-21 Orion Yhtymae Oy
US3755121A (en) * 1972-10-25 1973-08-28 C Schlutz Electrophoresis kit and system
US3764513A (en) * 1972-05-04 1973-10-09 Marine Colloids Inc Electrophoresis chamber
US3875045A (en) * 1971-09-24 1975-04-01 Orion Yhtymae Oy Device for quantitative and qualitative determination of ionizable compounds
US3902987A (en) * 1974-08-13 1975-09-02 Bioware Inc Electrolytic cell means
US3919065A (en) * 1974-06-27 1975-11-11 Heden Carl Goeran Method to divert heat generated in an electrophoretical separation especially isoelectric focusing and isotachophoresis
US3930973A (en) * 1972-03-10 1976-01-06 Nerenberg Samuel T Electrophoretic process
US3947345A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-03-30 Millipore Corporation Apparatus for electrophoresis migration
US3964992A (en) * 1973-12-31 1976-06-22 Medac Gesellschaft Fur Klinische Spezialpraparate Mbh Chamber and process for crossed immunoelectro-phoresis
US4190517A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-02-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Electrophoresis apparatus
US4415418A (en) * 1980-12-22 1983-11-15 Turre Gilles H J Gel electrophoresis device and method
US4431506A (en) * 1982-09-07 1984-02-14 E-C Apparatus Corporation Apparatus for gel electrophoresis
US4709810A (en) * 1986-11-14 1987-12-01 Helena Laboratories Corporation Container for an electrophoretic support medium
US4726889A (en) * 1986-02-04 1988-02-23 Oncor, Inc. Process and apparatus for conducting electrophoresis and transfer
US4784738A (en) * 1985-12-12 1988-11-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus and method for gel casting
US4911816A (en) * 1986-02-04 1990-03-27 Oncor, Inc. Process for conducting electrophoresis and transfer
US5074981A (en) * 1989-04-26 1991-12-24 The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation High speed gel electrophoresis
US5217592A (en) * 1985-09-26 1993-06-08 Jones Kenneth W Electrophoresis and vacuum molecular transfer apparatus
US5443704A (en) * 1991-12-31 1995-08-22 Fmc Corporation Electrophoresis gel container assemblies
US5549806A (en) * 1996-02-21 1996-08-27 Chen; Stephen L. Device and method of direct water cooling for horizontal submarine gel electrophoresis
WO1997036170A1 (en) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 Life Technologies, Inc. Electrophoresis apparatus
US6165337A (en) * 1998-12-23 2000-12-26 Shelton Scientific Manufacturing, Inc. Semi-dry electrophoresis apparatus and method
US6569306B1 (en) * 2000-04-10 2003-05-27 Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Inc. Cassette for gel electrophoresis having solid buffer reservoirs
ES2327587A1 (es) * 2006-08-11 2009-10-30 Universidad Del Pais Vasco- Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea (80%) Dispositivo parcialmente desechable para electroforesis.
US20100126862A1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2010-05-27 Sage Science, Inc. Multichannel preparative electrophoresis system
US20110062024A1 (en) * 2008-10-08 2011-03-17 Douglas Grosvenor Sabin Multichannel preparative electrophoresis system
WO2013180639A1 (en) * 2012-05-31 2013-12-05 Ge Healthcare Bio-Sciences Ab An electrophoresis tray and a method of running an electrophoresis experiment
US10131901B2 (en) 2014-10-15 2018-11-20 Sage Science, Inc. Apparatuses, methods and systems for automated processing of nucleic acids and electrophoretic sample preparation
US10473619B2 (en) 2012-10-12 2019-11-12 Sage Science, Inc. Side-eluting molecular fractionator
US11542495B2 (en) 2015-11-20 2023-01-03 Sage Science, Inc. Preparative electrophoretic method for targeted purification of genomic DNA fragments
US11867661B2 (en) 2017-04-07 2024-01-09 Sage Science, Inc. Systems and methods for detection of genetic structural variation using integrated electrophoretic DNA purification

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FR1272055A (fr) * 1960-07-08 1961-09-22 Appareil d'électrophorèse de zone à évaporation limitée
US3047489A (en) * 1961-05-25 1962-07-31 Raymond Samuel Apparatus for zone electrophoresis
US3129158A (en) * 1961-01-24 1964-04-14 Raymond Samuel Process for gel electrophoresis
US3317417A (en) * 1962-10-26 1967-05-02 Raymond Samuel Micro-electrophoresis apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1272055A (fr) * 1960-07-08 1961-09-22 Appareil d'électrophorèse de zone à évaporation limitée
US3129158A (en) * 1961-01-24 1964-04-14 Raymond Samuel Process for gel electrophoresis
US3047489A (en) * 1961-05-25 1962-07-31 Raymond Samuel Apparatus for zone electrophoresis
US3317417A (en) * 1962-10-26 1967-05-02 Raymond Samuel Micro-electrophoresis apparatus

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3497437A (en) * 1967-06-21 1970-02-24 Baxter Laboratories Inc Method of electrophoresis
US3499360A (en) * 1968-02-12 1970-03-10 Charles L Davis Pattern cutting device and indexing system
US3674678A (en) * 1970-10-28 1972-07-04 Millipore Corp Electrophoretic apparatus
US3715295A (en) * 1971-09-02 1973-02-06 Tlc Corp Disposable electrophoresis unit
JPS4842796A (de) * 1971-09-24 1973-06-21 Orion Yhtymae Oy
US3875045A (en) * 1971-09-24 1975-04-01 Orion Yhtymae Oy Device for quantitative and qualitative determination of ionizable compounds
US3930973A (en) * 1972-03-10 1976-01-06 Nerenberg Samuel T Electrophoretic process
US3764513A (en) * 1972-05-04 1973-10-09 Marine Colloids Inc Electrophoresis chamber
US3755121A (en) * 1972-10-25 1973-08-28 C Schlutz Electrophoresis kit and system
US3964992A (en) * 1973-12-31 1976-06-22 Medac Gesellschaft Fur Klinische Spezialpraparate Mbh Chamber and process for crossed immunoelectro-phoresis
US3919065A (en) * 1974-06-27 1975-11-11 Heden Carl Goeran Method to divert heat generated in an electrophoretical separation especially isoelectric focusing and isotachophoresis
US3902987A (en) * 1974-08-13 1975-09-02 Bioware Inc Electrolytic cell means
US3947345A (en) * 1974-11-15 1976-03-30 Millipore Corporation Apparatus for electrophoresis migration
US4190517A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-02-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Electrophoresis apparatus
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GB1149532A (en) 1969-04-23
DK123674B (da) 1972-07-17
SE317827B (de) 1969-11-24
DE1598557A1 (de) 1970-10-01
DE1598557B2 (de) 1975-08-28
DE1948191U (de) 1966-10-20

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