US3406864A - Seal for pressure vessels - Google Patents

Seal for pressure vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3406864A
US3406864A US571680A US57168066A US3406864A US 3406864 A US3406864 A US 3406864A US 571680 A US571680 A US 571680A US 57168066 A US57168066 A US 57168066A US 3406864 A US3406864 A US 3406864A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
seal
vessel
pressure
sealing
lid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US571680A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schmidt Paul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Quanten Ges fur Zersta GmbH
Quanten Gesellschaft fur Zerstaubungstechnik GmbH
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Quanten Ges fur Zersta GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3406864A publication Critical patent/US3406864A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J13/00—Covers or similar closure members for pressure vessels in general
    • F16J13/02—Detachable closure members; Means for tightening closures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L37/00—Couplings of the quick-acting type
    • F16L37/02—Couplings of the quick-acting type in which the connection is maintained only by friction of the parts being joined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/10—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
    • F16L55/11—Plugs
    • F16L55/1116—Plugs glued or welded

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to a'seal for pressure vessels or a connection between pressure vessels or pipes, and in particular to a seal for high pressures.
  • the constructive designing of high pressure vessels is connected with difiiculties especially'then, if it is desired to provide a releasable seal. It is, in particular, required to solve the problem of'transmitting the locking forces between the lid and the vessel as well as the problem of achieving a sealing between the lid and the vessel. It is known to provide the vessel with a' flange, and to secure a lid on the flange. However, such an arrangement is disadvantageous inasmuch as large material quantities'are accumulated within the range of the seal, since it is very difiicult to achieve and realize a uniform material stress. Moreover, the manufacture of the seal requires a high expenditure in terms of work. The same problem is on hand when connecting parts of a vessel which is under pressure or pipes. It is furthermore known to connect two such parts by screwing same directly or by way of a bushing or socket joint. However, such means of connection are suitable only for very small dimensions.
  • This sealing material is disposed in the free space provided by portions which are telescopically mounted, or, if these portions or parts are abutting, the material is disposed between these parts and a ring or pipe-like element, the latter surrounding the parts on the inner or outer periphery thereof.
  • the material is arranged in the free space in such a way that it is prevented from leaving the same, so that pressure tensions will occur in the material which will result in tangential stresses on account of friction, and that most parts of the sealing forces between the parts or portions which are to be connected will be transmitted by way of these tangential stresses.
  • no longer rigidly-elastical cohesive materials are therefore used, as previously, but
  • Fields of application for the present invention are pressure vessels as they are generally used on the sector of high-pressure techniques and by the chemical industry, and in particular in the field of energy technique.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a pressure vessel with a seal according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of another embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 having a modified closure body
  • FIG. 4 is the embodiment of FIG. 3 with another position of the sealing ring
  • FIG. 5 is another variation of the embodiment of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 5 with a hollow closure body
  • FIG. 7 is a modification of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with a diaphragmatic sealing ring
  • FIG. 8 is another variation having a diaphragmatic sealing disc
  • FIG. 9 is still another variation of the embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a sectional top view of still another embodiment of this invention for sealing two separate semispherical sections of a pressure vessel.
  • the seal according to this invention consists of a cylindrical respectively piston-shaped closure body or lid 2 having a smaller diameter than the inside diameter of a cylindrical pressure vessel 1 wherein the lid 2 is being inserted.
  • a sealing ring 4 is arranged between the bottom base of the lid 2 and the inside wall of the pressure vessel 1 to center the former and to support a dispersible sealing material 3 disposed within the resulting gap in the area of overlapping.
  • the medium within the inner space 1' of the pressure vessel 1 is under pressure and acts from the inside in the direction as marked by arrows on the sealing ring 4 and the base surface of the lid 2.
  • a counter-pressure is applied on the dispersible material 3 by means of a pressure ring 6 disposed from above in the gap and being biased in axial direction by tension means 5 in order to insure proper pressure condition of the dispersible material.
  • the sealing ring 4 Due to the pressure of the medium within the pressure vessel 1 the sealing ring 4 seals the gap on the one hand, thus preventing direct contact of the medium with the dispersible sealing material, and compresses the latter between the overlapping walls of the lid 2 and the pressure vessel 1 on the other hand. Consequently, the tangential stresses result therein and constitute predominantly sealing forces in the seal of this invention, whereas axial stress represents but a fraction of these sealing forces.
  • the latter walls can be roughened up or provided with groovings or very fine threads.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cylindrical solid lid 2, the diameter of which is equal to the outside diameter of the pressure vessel 1.
  • the site of abutting is covered by a ring-shaped element 7 having an increased inside diameter to receive the dispersible material 3, so that the sealing forces can be transmitted, as previously described, from the lid 2 to the vessel 1 by means of the material 3.
  • the pressure tension which acts onto the material 3 from the outside, can be applied by wa of a pressure ring 6 and also by way of a rigid inner flange which extends 3,406,864 ji. 1 i
  • the inside friction on the material 3 should be as high as possible, and it is therefore preferable to use a dispersed material, for example an inorganic material (such as quartz, corundum, silicon carbide etc.) or a metallic powder. Also organic powders can be used. When placing such dispersed materials, it shoud be secured that same have a high degree of compaction. It may therefore be useful to insert a corresponding prefabricated part consisting of pre-compressed or compact material instead of the dispersed material 3 which will be decomposed under pressure stress when operation is started, and which will thus be transformed into dispersed material. Also the application of a wet suspension, for example of concrete, between the lid and the vessel will yield the desired effect after drying or setting.
  • a wet suspension for example of concrete
  • the lid 2 may also be designed in form of a stepped piston 8 with a seal ring 4 fitted below the flange 8 of the stepped piston (FIG. 3) or with a seal ring 4 fitted above this flange (FIG. 4).
  • a design is different from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 inasmuch as the pressure pre-tensioning of the material 3 on the inside is not only determined by the inside pressure, but in addition thereto also by the relation of the diameters on the stepped piston 8.
  • FIG. 5 shows a lid 11 with a conical expansion towards the inside of the vessel and seal 12, the latter being preferably a closed metallic ring.
  • a hollow lid 13 can also be used as shown in FIG. 6, same being designed in form of a cylindrical tube with arched and, in particular, ball-shaped bottom.
  • the pressure vessel may also be fitted with a reinforcing shoulder or a ring 14 within the range of the seal especially then if a stepped piston is used.
  • a slope 15 may also be provided at the end of the pressure vessel.
  • the seals can be designed according to the types of customary groove ring flanges, O-rings, washers or metallic seals. If very high demands are put to the sealing effect, it is recommended to use a diaphragm welded seal 16 above the slot between the lid and the vessel according to FIG. 7, or to fit a disc-shaped diaphragm welded seal 17 covering the entire vessel cross section in accordance with FIG. 8. The latter seal 17 is suspended on a centrally arranged rod 17 tightly passing through an axial bore in the stepped piston lid 8.
  • a seal can be omitted if the material 3 is of plastic viscosity, or if it dispersed, but of high density and having fine pores, and if slight leakage losses can be accepted.
  • FIG. 9 shows a sealing connection between two cylindrical vessels or pipes 18 and 19 by means of a rigid collar 20. Also in this case, the utilization of a welded diaphragm seal 21 is advantageous. The remainder can be designed according to the aforementioned possibilities, and, if desired, either in form of a stepped piston or with a conical expansion.
  • two semispherical cups 22 can also be used instead of two cylindrical containers, same being connected by way of a ringshaped element 23 and forming thus a ball-shaped container. It is also possible to reverse the combination of the vessels 18 and 19 respectively of the semi-spherical cups 22 with the rigid collar 20 or the ring-shaped element 23.
  • a seal for pressure vessels containing a pressure medium comprising: piston-shaped closure means adapted for closing said vessel and overlapping a wall portion thereof, a gap provided between said closure means and said vessel in the area' of overlapping, first seaing means movably disposed in said gap to seal the latter and contact said pressure medium, second sealing means of deformable material disposed within said gap in abutment with said first sealing means; and counterressure means firmly arranged at said gap in abutment with said second sealing means so that a pressure and counter pressure exerted upon the latter results in tangential stress between the wall portions of the vessel and said-closure means.
  • closure means include an annular member disposed telescopicallyaround an outer wall portion of said vessel to provide an annular gap tl1erebetween,"said gap containing said second sealing means, whereas said first sealing means is a ring-shaped diaphragm arranged between said vessel and.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
US571680A 1965-08-07 1966-08-08 Seal for pressure vessels Expired - Lifetime US3406864A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DESCH37515A DE1289700B (de) 1965-08-07 1965-08-07 Verschluss fuer Druckgefaesse

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3406864A true US3406864A (en) 1968-10-22

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US571680A Expired - Lifetime US3406864A (en) 1965-08-07 1966-08-08 Seal for pressure vessels

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US (1) US3406864A (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png)
BE (1) BE685146A (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png)
DE (1) DE1289700B (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png)
FR (1) FR1514973A (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png)
GB (1) GB1121047A (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png)
NL (1) NL6610994A (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3462041A (en) * 1968-09-13 1969-08-19 Gen Dynamics Corp High pressure sealing structure
US4069100A (en) * 1975-02-13 1978-01-17 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Adsorption seal for nuclear reactors
CN107504313A (zh) * 2017-09-29 2017-12-22 镇江市星耀智能装备有限公司 一种管道封堵机构
US10871053B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2020-12-22 Magnum Oil Tools International, Ltd. Downhole assembly for selectively sealing off a wellbore
US10883315B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2021-01-05 Ncs Multistage Inc. Casing float tool

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044798A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-08-30 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Adhesive bonded hydrotest plug and method for using the same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182850A (en) * 1963-01-28 1965-05-11 Sun Oil Co Closure means for withstanding high pressures

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT149136B (de) * 1935-07-01 1937-04-10 Dipl Dr Ing Julius Jacobovics Mittel und Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Haftung sich berührender Flächen von gegeneinander dauernd unverschieblichen Maschinen- und Konstruktionsteilen.
US2850201A (en) * 1955-11-24 1958-09-02 Asea Ab Means for removing and sealing the bottom of a vessel adapted for high pressure
US3055538A (en) * 1958-01-30 1962-09-25 Babcock & Wilcox Co Pressure vessel seal
DE1910343U (de) * 1964-11-13 1965-02-18 Friedrich Freimuth Klemm-schraubverschluss.

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182850A (en) * 1963-01-28 1965-05-11 Sun Oil Co Closure means for withstanding high pressures

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3462041A (en) * 1968-09-13 1969-08-19 Gen Dynamics Corp High pressure sealing structure
US4069100A (en) * 1975-02-13 1978-01-17 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Adsorption seal for nuclear reactors
US10871053B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2020-12-22 Magnum Oil Tools International, Ltd. Downhole assembly for selectively sealing off a wellbore
US11098556B2 (en) 2007-12-03 2021-08-24 Nine Energy Service, Inc. Downhole assembly for selectively sealing off a wellbore
US10883315B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2021-01-05 Ncs Multistage Inc. Casing float tool
US10883314B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2021-01-05 Ncs Multistage Inc. Casing float tool
US11180958B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2021-11-23 Ncs Multistage Inc. Casing float tool
US11697968B2 (en) 2013-02-05 2023-07-11 Ncs Multistage Inc. Casing float tool
CN107504313A (zh) * 2017-09-29 2017-12-22 镇江市星耀智能装备有限公司 一种管道封堵机构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1121047A (en) 1968-07-24
FR1514973A (fr) 1968-03-01
BE685146A (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png) 1967-01-16
NL6610994A (US20090192370A1-20090730-C00001.png) 1967-02-08
DE1289700B (de) 1969-02-20

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