US336635A - Jean maeie anatole geeaed-lescuyeb - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

J. M. A. GERARD-LESGUYER. ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

Patented-Feb. 23, 1886.

WITNESSES I fINVENTOR I QMM' W M- 7 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JEAN MARIE ANATOLE GERARD-LESCUYER, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 336,635, dated February 23, 1885.

Application filed October 24, 1883. Serial No. 109,901. (No model.) Patented in France June 12, 1882, X0. 149,517; in Belgium June 22, 1882, No. 58,268; in England June 23, 1882, No. 2,992,- in Italy August 28, 1883, No. 15,803, and in AustiimHungary October 10,

1883, No.1,956 and No, 1,943.

To aZZ whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, JEAN MARIE ANATOLE GEnAnn-LEscUYER, of Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to improvements in electric-arc lamps based on the socalled differential system, the improvements relating more especially to the construction of an effective brake for regulating the motion of the upper carbon; and the invention consists of one or more hollow differential solenoids, having movable soft-iron cores, which latter are connected by a horizontal plate. From this plate are suspended by pivot-links two inclined brake-rods,which are provided with beveled semicircular middle portions that extend around the upper carbon holder and clasp the same. The lower ends of the brake-rods are provided with anti-friction rollers that form contact with a fixed stop-plate, so as to release the brake-rods.

The invention consists, further, of certain details of construction,which will be fully described hereinafter, and finally be pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a front elevation, partly in section, of my improved electric'arc lamp. Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, also partly in section. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the same on line 1 2, Fig. 1. Figs. at and 5 are modified forms of my improved construction, and Fig. 6 is a diagram explaining the working of my improved brake construction.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings, w represents a hollow cylinder, to which are secured horizontal plates A B, that are connected by vertical rods (3 and D. The lower ends of the rods C and D are rigidly connected by a transverse bar that supports the lower carbon holder. The upper end of the carbon-holder is guided in the hollow cylinderx by means of a piston. At the top of the cylinder 0: is arranged a screw, :10, which serves to regulate an air valve or vent, by which the entrance of atmospheric air into the cylinder a: is accelerated or retarded, and by the partial vacuum above the piston the downward motion of the carbon-holder retarded,and consequently sudden concussions of the carbons obviated.

Between the horizontal plates A and B are supported two solenoids, F and G, which'are Wound with two wires of different sizes, the upper parts being wound with thick wire, while the lower parts, which are separated from the upper parts by disks I, are wound with thin wire of high resistance. The upper coils of thick wire are placed in circuit with the lamp, while the coils of thin wire are connected to the binding-posts of the lamp, and are so wound that the current passing through the same is of opposite direction to the main current passing through the upper coils of the solenoids. At the center of the solenoids F and G are arranged hollow sleeves, which are carefully centered and turned true, so that they offer but little friction to the verticallyreciprocating soft-iron cores L L, which are packed at their upper ends with cotton,leather, or suitable material, said packing forming a piston for the cores, by which during the upward motion of the cores the air is compressed in the space above the same, and rarefied during the lowering of the same, whereby the motions of the cores are made steadier and less jerky.

The cores L L are connected at their lower ends by a horizontal plate, M, of iron or copper, to which are hung by pivotlinks O O diagonally-inclined brakerods N N, that pass at diametrically opposite sides around the carbon-holder and rest by anti-friction rollers P P on a fixed horizontal stop-plate, R, that is rigidly supported by suspension-rods R of the horizontal plate B. The metallic stopplate R has a threefold purpose: first, it forms a reflector by which the light of the arc is thrown downward; secondly, it forms a guard to protect the body of the lamp against the highly-heated upwardly-rising currents of air, and, thirdly and mainly, it serves asa contact for the oscillating brake-rods N N. From the connecting-plate M extend in down ward direction a bundle of spring-wires, U, that surround the upper-carbon holder and serve to guide the same in its vertical motion,

while exerting a slight regulating-friction thereon. The lamp is suspended from a semicircular hook or eye at the upper end of the cylinder 00, whereby the upper-carbon holder assumes a vertical position. The inclined brake-rods N N pass at opposite sides around the upper-carbon holder, and are provided at those points with semicircular jaws having beveled inner edges. The action of the brakerods is such that the greater the resistance to the same the more powerful will be the grip exerted by theirjaws on the carbon holder.

The diagram, Fig. 6, serves to explain the action of the brake-rods,in which A and B represent two intercrossing brake-rods, each of which is provided with two pins, a b and c d, which are engaged equidistantly from the body P. If the rods A B are moved in upward direction, the pins 1) and d strike againstand grip the body P", owing to the gravity of the rods. From this moment the pins d and I) serve as the pivots around which the rods A B turn, which thenceforth move in arcs of circles, which are indicated by curved arrows in Fig. 6, until the upper pins, a and c, are brought in contact with the body P". As soon as this takes place the turning movement of the brake-rods A and B ceases; but as their upward movement continues, the body P is lifted by the pins (4 b c d. The greater the resistance to the action the stronger would be the pressure on the pins, without permitting the sliding down of the body of the object to R. If next a vertical pressure is exerted on the endsfg of the brake-rods, or if the brakerods are permitted to move downward so that the endsf g abut against the fixed body, the pins of 'the brake-rods release the body P, but in a reverse order, and permit the body P to drop by its own gravity.

For the purpose of securing an effective and reliable working of the brake, it is requisite that the brake-rods balance each other, whereby the upper-carbon holder is always held centrally to the same; and, further, that the brake-rods are connected with the transverse connecting-plates by means of the pivot'links, so that they can readily assume any required position.

In Fig. 4 a modification is shown, in which for the two solenoids one solenoid is substituted,through the center of which the uppercarbon holder is passed. In this case an armature, M, is arranged above the solenoid and connected by rods to a second spring-actuated armature below the same, to which latter the brake-rods are applied by the connecting-links O O, as before. Vhen the lower armature is attracted, the upper carbon is lifted by the clamping-jaws of the brake-rods, while, when the upper armature is attracted, the rollers P are brought into contact with the plate R, the brake-rods caused to release their grip, and the carbon is permitted to descend,the springs servingto balance the weight of the brake-rods.

In Fig. 5 the solenoid is formed througharmature is attracted, whereby'the brake is lowered and the upper-carbon holder permitted to slide down. As soon as the carbon points touch each other, the current passes through the carbons, since the wire in the solenoid, being fine, offers greater resistance, and the solenoid ceases to attract the armature M, whereby the balancing-springs are enabledto lift the brake, so as to throw the same into action and lift the uppercarbon holder, whereby the arc is formed.

For the purpose of providing a reliable clamp for the upper and lower carbons, which is connected with some diiiiculty, owing to the high temperature to which the clamps are exposed, the following construction is used: A split sleeve, n, is provided with parallel perforated cars it at both sides of the slit, 1

between which .is arranged a spring-tongue, q. The latter is pressed by means of a conically-tapering pin, m, that passes through the holes in the earst' itightly against the carbon, so as to secure the same rigidly in the sleeve-shaped holder.

The operationof the lamp is as follows: When the circuit is closed, and the points of the carbon are in contact, the current passes through the holder with great intensity and draws the cores L L of the solenoids quickly in an upward direction. The connecting-plate M is raised, and, by means of the connecting links 0 O, the brake rods N N are pressed against the upper carbon holder, which is thereby lifted so that the carbon points are separated, and the voltaic arc is formed. As by the burning off of the carbons the size of the arc is increased, the resistance to the passage of the circuit is also increased, while the intensity of the cur,- rent is diminished. The action of the current on the cores L L decreases,\vhile, 0n the other 'hand,the current that passes in opposite direction through the lower coils increases in intensity and depolarizes the cores,which, in connection with the weight of the parts of the brake, exert a downward tendency to the same. Theequilibrium is thereby interrupted and the brake-rods N N are moved down and from contact with the stop-plate R, releasing thereby the carbon-holder, so that the same slides downward until the solenoids are again energized,as before, and lift again the cores L L, and thereby the carbon-holder.

\Vhen the lamp is operating properly, the action of the brake is such that the brakerods touch the stop-plate It so slightly that they permit of a nearly continuous gliding of the upper-carbon holder, so as to impart to the same a tendency to equalize the gradual wear of the carbons by a series of infinitesimally small motions.

The brake is so sensitive that it will work properly and reliably, whatever he the speed of the generator or whether the same supplies continuous or alternating currents.

Any number of lamps may be thrown into circuitor cut out without requiring any further regulating mechanism. The lamp can be thrown into operation quickly and without any obstac1e,assumes directly its normal arc, and retains the same until the carbons are en tirely consumed.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The combination, with the upper-carbon holder, one or more differential solenoids, and one or more vertically-movable cores sliding in said solenoids, of a brake connected to the lower ends of said cores, said brake being formed of inclined brake-rods having beveled middle portions or jaws encircling the uppercarbon holder, and a fixed stop-disk below the brake-rods, by which the same are released from the carbon holder, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination of the upper carbon holder, one or more differential solenoids, F G, vertically-movable interior cores, L L, transverse connecting -plate M, pivot-links O O, inclined brake-rods N N, having beveled middle portions or jaws and anti-friction rollers P P at their lower ends, and a fixed stopdisk R substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination of the upper-carbon holder, differential solenoids F and G, interior cores,L L, con'nectingplate M, having downwardly-extending spring-wires surrounding the carbon-holder, connecting pivot-links O J. 31A. GERARD-LESOUYER.

Witnesses:

F. A. ELSNER, G, MUssTRAUM.

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