US3354824A - Lithographic fountain solutions and method of use - Google Patents
Lithographic fountain solutions and method of use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3354824A US3354824A US364786A US36478664A US3354824A US 3354824 A US3354824 A US 3354824A US 364786 A US364786 A US 364786A US 36478664 A US36478664 A US 36478664A US 3354824 A US3354824 A US 3354824A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fountain solution
- ink
- fountain
- plate
- lithographic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-YZRHJBSPSA-N (214C)propan-2-ol Chemical compound [14CH](C)(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-YZRHJBSPSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000416162 Astragalus gummifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
- B41N3/08—Damping; Neutralising or similar differentiation treatments for lithographic printing formes; Gumming or finishing solutions, fountain solutions, correction or deletion fluids, or on-press development
Definitions
- Rotary lithographic printing conventionally employs a smooth surfaced printing plate on which the image areas have been made water-repellent and oil-retaining while the non-image areas have been made water-wettable.
- the plate cylinder as it rotates is in rolling engagement with a fountain solution roller which carries fountain solution.
- This fountain solution is water, which contains minor amounts of additives such as phosphoric acid and desensitizing gum.
- This fountain solution wets the non-image areas thoroughly, but is repelled by the hydrophobic image areas.
- a greasy or oily hydrophobic ink is then immediately applied to its surface and adheres to the hydrophobic image areas.
- the ink image is transferred either directly to the stock being printed, or as in offset printing, to a rubber blanket from which it is then retransferred to the stock being printed.
- cobalt nitrate is the drier used in the fountain solution in place of the abovementioned salts in place of the abovementioned salts, no such undesirable precipitation takes place.
- the cobalt nitrate is preferably used in combination with a small amount of acetic acid.
- fountain solution has a pH of from 4 to 5.
- the acetic acid acts to maintain the pH of the fountain solution at the same level after-the cobalt nitrate is added.
- the acetic acid may be left out if the pH is maintained at the above level by other utilizable means such as using a greater concentration of phosphoric acid in the fountain solution.
- the cobalt nitrate is preferably used in the proportion of from 7 to 58 g. per gallon of fountain solution and the acetic acid preferably is used in the proportion of from .01 to 22.4 g./ gallon.
- the fountain solution contains the conventional small amount of phosphoric acid prefcrably from 1 to 5% by volume of for example 1% phosphoric acid as well as the conventional small amount of desensitizing gum.
- the hydrophilic desensitizing gum is most generally gum arabic or carboxymethyl cellulose but other standard gums such as gum tragacanth and hydroxyethyl cellulose are also used.
- the fountain solution of this invention has been found to be very effective in the most extensively used of the alcoholic fountain systems which contain from 15% to 30% of the lower alkanol.
- the fountain solution may also be used in systems which require greater concentrations of alkanol, e.g., that of US. Patent 3,053,178 (Greubel) which uses a fountain solution containing 52 to 70% ethanol.
- the resulting mixture when used on a conventional sheet or web fed lithographic press, operates effectively in all respects including rapid drying of the printed ink. No evidence of precipitation is in evidence in the fountain system.
- Example 2 Example 1 is repeated using the same ingredients, proportions and conditions except that 800 parts. of Water are used and 200 parts of ethanol are used in place of the isopropanol. The results are substantially the same as in Example 1.
- the fountain solutions may of course contain any of the conventional additives used in fountain solutions such as corrosion inhibitors including ammonium bifications "as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
- a lithographic fountain solution comprising a minor amount of phosphoric acid; a minor amount of desensitizing gum, acetic acid and cobalt nitrate dissolved in water and a lower alkanol selected from the group consisting of ethanol'and isopropanol, from 7 to 58 g, of cobalt nitrate and from .01 to 22.4 g. of acetic acid being present for each gallon of fountain solution.
- a method of lithographic printing comprising applying to a lithographic plate a fountain solution comprising aminor amount of phosphoric acid, water, at
Landscapes
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
Description
United States Patent This invention relates to a new composition'to be used as a fountain solution in a lithographic printing press and to an improved method of lithographic printing.
Rotary lithographic printing conventionally employs a smooth surfaced printing plate on which the image areas have been made water-repellent and oil-retaining while the non-image areas have been made water-wettable. In operation of a conventional rotary lithographic printing press, the plate cylinder as it rotates is in rolling engagement with a fountain solution roller which carries fountain solution. This fountain solution is water, which contains minor amounts of additives such as phosphoric acid and desensitizing gum. This fountain solution wets the non-image areas thoroughly, but is repelled by the hydrophobic image areas. As the plate cylinder rotates further, a greasy or oily hydrophobic ink is then immediately applied to its surface and adheres to the hydrophobic image areas. As the plate cylinder rotates still further, the ink image is transferred either directly to the stock being printed, or as in offset printing, to a rubber blanket from which it is then retransferred to the stock being printed.
It will be noted from the foregoing very brief description that fountain liquid and ink are being continuously, though separately, supplied to the rotating printing plate. It will also be noted that While the fountain solution is always supplied to an essentially ink-free sector of the plate cylinder, the ink is always applied to a sector which has just been wetted with fountain solution. Even though the ink and the fountain solution are immiscible, a certain amount of fountain solution is invariably transferred from the plate to the ink form rollers. Some of the fountain solution so transferred to the inking roller will in turn be transferred back up the ink-delivering roller train up towards the ink fountain.
In many lithographic printing operations it has become a practice to add to the fountain solution small amounts of water soluble salts which are driers for the inks. These salts are regularly transferred together with the fountain solution which, as described above, is carried into the inking system. The salts become emulsified in the ink. This method which results in the regular addition of small amounts of drier to the ink has been found to be advantageous over adding drier directly to the ink. In the latter situation, the drier which is added in one larger addition, tends to cause undesirable drying or skinning of the ink while it is still in its reservoir or on the rollers.
While these conventional water soluble driers which include manganese salts and cobalt acetate are quite effective in conventional fountain solutions, they produce undesirable results when used in the recently developed fountain solutions which contain lower alkanols, usually at least 15% by volume of such alkanols. These alkanols are most preferably either ethanol or isopropanol.
In the presence of such alcohols, the addition of the conventional water soluble drier salts results in a precipitate in the fountain solution. This precipitate is believed to be the phosphate salt of the drier metal and only seems to form in the alcohol medium. The precipitate interferes with the printing operation by depositing on the plate. The precipitate particles are ink receptive and result in ink deposits, randomly scattered on the plate.
3,354,824 Patented Nov. 28, 1967 In addition, the drier salt concentration is markedly lowered. 1
We have discovered that when cobalt nitrate is the drier used in the fountain solution in place of the abovementioned salts, no such undesirable precipitation takes place. For best results, we have found that the cobalt nitrate is preferably used in combination with a small amount of acetic acid. conventionally, fountain solution has a pH of from 4 to 5. The acetic acid acts to maintain the pH of the fountain solution at the same level after-the cobalt nitrate is added. The acetic acid may be left out if the pH is maintained at the above level by other utilizable means such as using a greater concentration of phosphoric acid in the fountain solution.
The cobalt nitrate is preferably used in the proportion of from 7 to 58 g. per gallon of fountain solution and the acetic acid preferably is used in the proportion of from .01 to 22.4 g./ gallon.
As previously set forth, the fountain solution contains the conventional small amount of phosphoric acid prefcrably from 1 to 5% by volume of for example 1% phosphoric acid as well as the conventional small amount of desensitizing gum. The hydrophilic desensitizing gum is most generally gum arabic or carboxymethyl cellulose but other standard gums such as gum tragacanth and hydroxyethyl cellulose are also used.
The fountain solution of this invention has been found to be very effective in the most extensively used of the alcoholic fountain systems which contain from 15% to 30% of the lower alkanol. However, the fountain solution may also be used in systems which require greater concentrations of alkanol, e.g., that of US. Patent 3,053,178 (Greubel) which uses a fountain solution containing 52 to 70% ethanol.
The following examples will serve to illustrate the practice of this invention:
' Example 1 A fountain solution of the following composition is made:
Volume ,cc. Water 700 Isopropanol 300 1% phosphoric acid 20 1% gum arabic 20 Solution of 10 parts by weight of acetic acid and 25 parts by weight of cobalt nitrate in 60 parts by weight of water 15.6
The resulting mixture when used on a conventional sheet or web fed lithographic press, operates effectively in all respects including rapid drying of the printed ink. No evidence of precipitation is in evidence in the fountain system.
Example 2 Example 1 is repeated using the same ingredients, proportions and conditions except that 800 parts. of Water are used and 200 parts of ethanol are used in place of the isopropanol. The results are substantially the same as in Example 1.
The fountain solutions may of course contain any of the conventional additives used in fountain solutions such as corrosion inhibitors including ammonium bifications "as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. A lithographic fountain solution comprising a minor amount of phosphoric acid; a minor amount of desensitizing gum, acetic acid and cobalt nitrate dissolved in water and a lower alkanol selected from the group consisting of ethanol'and isopropanol, from 7 to 58 g, of cobalt nitrate and from .01 to 22.4 g. of acetic acid being present for each gallon of fountain solution.
-2. A method of lithographic printing comprising applying to a lithographic plate a fountain solution comprising aminor amount of phosphoric acid, water, at
least 15% of the volume of the fountain solution of an alkanol selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol, and from 7 to 58 g. of cobalt nitrate and from .01 to 22.4 g. of acetic acid' per gallon of fountain solution, subsequently applying to said plate a hydro: phobic ink and then printing upon a substrate with said plate.
References Cited 10 Lithographic Technical Foundation, Inc., 1961, pp. 284,
ROBERT E. PULFREY, Primary Examiner.
5 DAVID KLEIN, Examiner.
J. A. BELL, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
- 2. A METHOD OF LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING COMPRISING APPLYING TO A LITHOGRAPHIC PLATE A FOUNTQIN SOLUTION COMPRISING A MINOR AMOUNT OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, WATER, AT LEAST 15% OF THE VOLUME OF THE FOUNTAIN SOLUTION OF AN ALKANOL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ETHANOL AND ISOPROPANOL, AND FROM 7 TO 58 G. OF COBALT NITRATE AND FROM .01 TO 22.4 G. OF ACETIC ACID ER GALLON OF FOUNTAIN SOLUTION, SUBSEQENTLY APPLYING TO SAID PLATE A HYDROPHOBIC INK AND THEN PRINTING UPON A SUBSTRATE WITH SAID PLATE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US364786A US3354824A (en) | 1964-05-04 | 1964-05-04 | Lithographic fountain solutions and method of use |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US364786A US3354824A (en) | 1964-05-04 | 1964-05-04 | Lithographic fountain solutions and method of use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3354824A true US3354824A (en) | 1967-11-28 |
Family
ID=23436072
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US364786A Expired - Lifetime US3354824A (en) | 1964-05-04 | 1964-05-04 | Lithographic fountain solutions and method of use |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3354824A (en) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3425854A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1969-02-04 | Kern C Borden | Metal conditioning bath comprising sodium hydroxide,nitric acid,and gum arabic |
| US3547632A (en) * | 1967-11-16 | 1970-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of lithographic reproduction and solution to render image areas oleophilic |
| US3877372A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-04-15 | Kenneth W Leeds | Treatment of a printing plate with a dampening liquid |
| US3908547A (en) * | 1968-02-22 | 1975-09-30 | Hoechst Ag | Hydrophilizing solution for electrophotographic images |
| US3950179A (en) * | 1974-05-17 | 1976-04-13 | Schneider Gordon L | Stabilization composition |
| US4013008A (en) * | 1975-03-17 | 1977-03-22 | Dorvin Brown | Methods and solutions for improvement of offset printing |
| US4095525A (en) * | 1975-10-31 | 1978-06-20 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Protective coating material for lithographic printing plate |
| US4247328A (en) * | 1978-01-18 | 1981-01-27 | Vickers Limited | Lithographic fountain concentrates containing a desensitizing material in an organic solvent liquid |
| US4278467A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1981-07-14 | Graphic Arts Technical Foundation | Substitutive additives for isopropyl alcohol in fountain solution for lithographic offset printing |
| US4285276A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1981-08-25 | Howard A. Fromson | Method for printing employing lithographic fountain dampening solution |
| US4548645A (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1985-10-22 | Inmont Corporation | Lithographic water based fountain solution concentrates |
| US5006168A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1991-04-09 | Aqualon Company | Water soluble polymers as alcohol replacement in lithographic fountain solutions |
| US5163999A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1992-11-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Dampening solution composition for lithographic printing |
| US5387279A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1995-02-07 | Varn Products Company, Inc. | Lithographic dampening solution |
| WO2016173975A1 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Environmentally friendly fountain solution for wet offset printing process and wet offset printing process |
| WO2017001666A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-05 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Environmentally friendly ink and fountain solution for wet offset printing process and wet offset printing process |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2003268A (en) * | 1933-09-13 | 1935-05-28 | Multigraph Co | Method of etching planographic plates, composition therefor, and resulting product |
-
1964
- 1964-05-04 US US364786A patent/US3354824A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2003268A (en) * | 1933-09-13 | 1935-05-28 | Multigraph Co | Method of etching planographic plates, composition therefor, and resulting product |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3425854A (en) * | 1966-05-02 | 1969-02-04 | Kern C Borden | Metal conditioning bath comprising sodium hydroxide,nitric acid,and gum arabic |
| US3547632A (en) * | 1967-11-16 | 1970-12-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method of lithographic reproduction and solution to render image areas oleophilic |
| US3908547A (en) * | 1968-02-22 | 1975-09-30 | Hoechst Ag | Hydrophilizing solution for electrophotographic images |
| US3877372A (en) * | 1973-12-03 | 1975-04-15 | Kenneth W Leeds | Treatment of a printing plate with a dampening liquid |
| US3950179A (en) * | 1974-05-17 | 1976-04-13 | Schneider Gordon L | Stabilization composition |
| US4013008A (en) * | 1975-03-17 | 1977-03-22 | Dorvin Brown | Methods and solutions for improvement of offset printing |
| US4095525A (en) * | 1975-10-31 | 1978-06-20 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Protective coating material for lithographic printing plate |
| US4247328A (en) * | 1978-01-18 | 1981-01-27 | Vickers Limited | Lithographic fountain concentrates containing a desensitizing material in an organic solvent liquid |
| US4278467A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1981-07-14 | Graphic Arts Technical Foundation | Substitutive additives for isopropyl alcohol in fountain solution for lithographic offset printing |
| US4285276A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1981-08-25 | Howard A. Fromson | Method for printing employing lithographic fountain dampening solution |
| US4548645A (en) * | 1983-12-21 | 1985-10-22 | Inmont Corporation | Lithographic water based fountain solution concentrates |
| US5006168A (en) * | 1989-04-03 | 1991-04-09 | Aqualon Company | Water soluble polymers as alcohol replacement in lithographic fountain solutions |
| US5163999A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1992-11-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Dampening solution composition for lithographic printing |
| US5387279A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1995-02-07 | Varn Products Company, Inc. | Lithographic dampening solution |
| WO2016173975A1 (en) | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-03 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Environmentally friendly fountain solution for wet offset printing process and wet offset printing process |
| WO2017001666A1 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2017-01-05 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Environmentally friendly ink and fountain solution for wet offset printing process and wet offset printing process |
| US10590292B2 (en) | 2015-07-01 | 2020-03-17 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Environmentally friendly ink and fountain solution for wet offset printing process and wet offset printing process |
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