US3347247A - Tobacco smoke filter - Google Patents

Tobacco smoke filter Download PDF

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Publication number
US3347247A
US3347247A US367446A US36744664A US3347247A US 3347247 A US3347247 A US 3347247A US 367446 A US367446 A US 367446A US 36744664 A US36744664 A US 36744664A US 3347247 A US3347247 A US 3347247A
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United States
Prior art keywords
carbon
filter
particles
molecular weight
fibers
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Expired - Lifetime
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US367446A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wallace G Lloyd
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Philip Morris USA Inc
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Philip Morris USA Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philip Morris USA Inc filed Critical Philip Morris USA Inc
Priority to US367446A priority Critical patent/US3347247A/en
Priority to IL23459A priority patent/IL23459A/en
Priority to GB19430/65A priority patent/GB1073896A/en
Priority to CH647765A priority patent/CH450261A/de
Priority to DE1517314A priority patent/DE1517314C3/de
Priority to DO1965001200A priority patent/DOP1965001200A/es
Priority to NL656506033A priority patent/NL153075B/xx
Priority to FR16682A priority patent/FR1444047A/fr
Priority to AT435465A priority patent/AT267389B/de
Priority to NO158061A priority patent/NO122058B/no
Priority to FI651163A priority patent/FI48240C/fi
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3347247A publication Critical patent/US3347247A/en
Priority to BE778596A priority patent/BE778596Q/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/16—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters of inorganic materials
    • A24D3/163—Carbon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a tobacco smoke filter. More particularly, the present invention relates to a tobacco smoke filter comprising synthetic fibers, particles of activated carbon and a high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol.
  • Synthetic fibers for example cellulose esters
  • These synthetic fibers generally comprise cellulose acetate in the form of crimped, continuous fibers or filaments. Filters made of cellulose ester fibers function, in general, by removing a portion of the particulate matter from the smoke which passes through the fibers. The crimping or other physical positioning of the fibers within the filter serves to increase the surface area of the filaments which come in contact with the smoke.
  • filters consisting of such fibers alone do not remove any significant amounts of undesirable gas phase constituents from the tobacco smoke.
  • Certain materials have also been applied to synthettic fibers which are used in filters in order to make the fibers more effective in picking up the particulate matter in the smoke.
  • Such materials may, for example, be starch, ground cellulose or the like and are generally held in place by an adhesive or plasticizer such as dimethoxyethylphthalate, methylphthalylethylglycollate or triacetin.
  • an adhesive or plasticizer such as dimethoxyethylphthalate, methylphthalylethylglycollate or triacetin.
  • these materials do not materially alter the failure of the fibers to remove undesirable gas phase constituents from the smoke.
  • adsorbent particles as exemplified by activated carbon, have also been employed in tobacco smoke filters.
  • Such adsorbent particles have been employed in conjunction with crimped paper and serve to increase the effectiveness of such filters for removing the particulate matter in the smoke, as well as functioning to remove undesirable gas phase constituents from the smoke.
  • activated carbon has been used in this manner, it has been employed in the form of very fine particles or dust, because it had been found that larger carbon particles are not completely satisfactory when incorporated with the paper. The larger particles have been found to be virtually impossible to employ in paper-type filters. Since paper-type filters have been found to be less efficient than synthetic fiber or tow-type filters, activated carbon particles have also been suggested for incorporation in synthetic filaments to form tobacco smoke filters.
  • the present invention overcomes this disadvantage and provides for intimate contact between substantially all of the tobacco smoke and the carbon particles.
  • Filters have also been made with adhesives to adhere the carbon particles together to form a disk or plug composed of carbon and adhesive. While such construction tends to overcome the problem of carbon particle migration, the adhesives in such filters have been found to have been employed in such a manner that the carbon is at least partially deactivated by the adhesives. Furthermore,
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive for securing relatively large particles of activated carbon to synthetic filaments, which adhesive does not mask or otherwise deactivate the activated carbon.
  • the present invention comprises, in general, a fibrous filtering medium containing particles of activated carbon, which particies are held in position on said fibrous filtering medium by means of a high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol.
  • the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol which will be described in more detail hereinafter, serves to selectively remove certain gaseous phase components from the tobacco smoke as well as to bind the carbon particles to the filtering medium, Without adversely affecting the character or the quality of the smoke which passes through the filter.
  • the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycols are compatible with the materials generally employed in filter manufacture and do not have any objectionable taste or odor.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a cigarette embodying the filter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cigarette shown in FIG. 1, taken along the lines 2-2.
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a modification of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cigarette shown in FIG. 3, taken along the lines 4-4.
  • FIG. 5 is a magnified view of a portion of the cigarette shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, showing in greater detail the body of filtering material prepared in accordance with the present invention.
  • a cigarette 1 having a paper cylinder 2.
  • Shredded tobacco 3 is contained within paper cylinder 2.
  • Paper cylinder 4 is positioned at the other end of the cigarette from the shreddedtobacco and abuts one end of paper cylinder 2.
  • Paper cylinder 4 generally defines the filter unit of cigarette 1.
  • Paper cylinder 4 contains a carbon-free filter section 5, which is preferably tow, which is contained within paper cylinder 6.
  • Carbon-containing section 7 contained within paper cylinder 8 comprises cellulose acetate filaments 9 and carbon particles 10 which are held in place by high molecular weight polyethylene glycol adhesive 11.
  • the filter unit which is defined by paper, cylinder 4, is joined to the filler section, which is defined by paper cylinder 2, by paper cylinder 15, which covers all of paper cylinder 4 and a portion of paper cylinder 2.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate another form of the present invention wherein there is shown a cigarette 10 having a paper cylinder 20.
  • Shredded tobacco is contained within paper cylinder 20.
  • Paper cylinder is positioned at the other end of the cigarette from the shredded tobacco and abuts one end of paper cylinder 20.
  • Paper cylinder 40 generally defines the filter unit of cigarette 10.
  • Paper cylinder 40 contains a carbon-free filter section 50, which is preferably tow, which is contained within paper cylinder 60.
  • Carbon-containing section 70 contained within paper cylinder 81 comprises cellulose acetate filaments 9t) and carbon particles 100 which are held in place by high molecular weight polyethylene glycol adhesive 119.
  • Carbon-free section 55 contained within paper cylinder 56 is positioned between section 70 and filler 30 and serves to isolate the carbon-containing section from the filler as well as to provide additional particulate matter filtration.
  • the filter unit which is defined by paper cylinder 40, is joined to the filler section, which is defined by paper cylinder 20, by paper cylinder 150, which covers all of paper cylinder4ll and a portion of paper cylinder 20.
  • cellulose acetate fibers 9 are shown as being substantially continuous, crirnped filter elements which are substantially longitudinally aligned and spaced to provide passage for tobacco smoke therethrough.
  • Relatively large carbon particles 10 are positioned within the spaces between fibers 9 and are held in position by high molecular weight polyethylene glycol adhesive 11.
  • each particle of carbon generally extends within several of the channel-like spaces which are formed by the cellulose acetate filaments.
  • These channel-like spaces generally define a plurality of tortuous paths along which the tobacco smoke travels. During such travel, the tobacco smoke encounters the relatively large particles and is diverted thereby through adjacent passages. In this Inanner, the smoke not only passes around each particle with substantial contact occurring but also is forced through a more complex passage through the filaments themselves. Thus, the smoke is forced into more intimate contact with both the carbon particles and cellulose acetate fibers than has heretofore been possible.
  • the particles of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol adhere to the cellulose acetate fibers as distinct particles and that such particles do not hold any carbon in place by direct contact with the carbon. These particles also serve to enhance the filtering ability of such a filter, since they provide additional barriers to the passage through the filter of the particulate matter in the smoke.
  • the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol itself serves to remove phenols and other undesirable gas-phase constituents from the tobacco smoke.
  • the cellulose acetate fibers or similar fibers are preferably spread'out and thereafter sprayed with a mist containing the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol. In this manner there is formed on the fibers a non-continuous covering comprising small particles of the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol.
  • the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol may be sprayed or applied to the fibers by means of a centrifugal applicator.
  • the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol must be in a fiowable form. This can be accomplished by heating the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol to a temperature slightly higher than its melting point. It is then fed to a rotating perforated cylinder, from which it is applied to the fibers in the form of a fine mist. Alternatively, it may be sprayed by spray equipment. It may also be dissolved in water and applied as a solution, if desired, or by other suitable means.
  • the above method for applying the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol is preferred, it may also be deposited on the fibers as a film, for example a continuous or semi-continuous coating.
  • coated fibers regardless of whether the glycol was applied by centrifugal applicator, by spraying or otherwise, and regardless of whether the glycol is applied as discrete particles, as a non-continuous coating or as a continuous coating.
  • the carbon particles are applied to the coated fibers.
  • Some of the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycols which may be employed will not completely harden after being applied to the fibers and will remain on the fibers, for example, as extremely viscous liquids. In this case their adhesive action in that state is such that the carbon can be added either immediately after the coating is applied or at a later time, even after standing at room temperature.
  • High molecular Weight polyalkylene glycols which must be heated to make them fiowable, will, upon cooling, harden after application to the fibers.
  • the activated carbon particles should be dispersed over the coated fibers before the high molecular weight poly-alkylene glycol particles have solidified on the fibers.
  • the coated fibers can, where necessary, be maintained or placed in an atmosphere which is at a sufiiciently high temperature so that the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycols possess tacky or adhesive qualities when the carbon particles are applied.
  • the carbon-containing coated fibers may then be gathered together into the desired configuration for a filter and the resulting material formed within a paper cylinder or other wrapper to be held in the desired shape.
  • the forming operations may be those conventionally employed in the manufacture of cigarette filters.
  • the synthetic fibers which may be employed in accordance with the present invention are preferably cel lulose acetate fibers and may be cellulose acetate tow or yarn having a total denier of from about 25,000 to about 75,000, and preferably from about 30,000 to about 50,000, and having a denier per filament of from about 1 to about 16, and preferably from about 3 to about 6.
  • the cellulose acetate fibers or filaments are generally longitudinally aligned and coextensive with the length of the filter element and have portions thereof which are crimped into a different alignment from the general orientation of the filaments, whereby the filaments have certain portions which somewhat intermesh, as i1- lustrated in the drawing. While cellulose acetate fibers are the preferred materials, other cellulose esters, for example cellulose butyrate, or other types of synthetic fibers and mixtures of synthetic fibers may also be employed as the fibers of the present invention.
  • the activated carbon particles which are employed in accordance with the present invention may have a particle size of from about to about 325 mesh (United States Standard) but preferably are relatively large particles of from about 10 to about 45 mesh size, i.e. substantially all of the particles will pass through a 10 mesh screen and will be retained on a 45 mesh screen. Most preferably, at least 95% of the particles should be retained on a 30 mesh screen and should pass through a 12 mesh screen.
  • the particles may be roughly spherical in shape or may have other regular or irregular shapes, depending on how they are produced. Preferably, they have irregular shapes, such as are produced by grinding coconut-type carbon.
  • the activated carbon which is employed may be one of various known types, such as coke base carbon or nutshell carbon, or any other suitable carbon.
  • the carbon employed is a coconut-type carbon.
  • Such carbons have a somewhat irregular shape, and are therefore held somewhat more easily in position within the mass of synthetic filaments. They also afford good contact and good pick up of undesirable gas phase constituents.
  • a particularly preferred carbon is a coconut carbon such as the PCB grade activated charcoal manufactured by Pittsburgh Coke and Chemical Company. This carbon has a high rate of adsorption and a high retentivity. As one specific example, the carbon may have the following properties:
  • PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Total surface area, sq. meters/ gram 1200 Apparent density, per ft. 27.5 Pore volume (within particle), cc./ gm. +9.4 Voids in dense packed column, percent 38-40 Specific heat at 100 C 0.25
  • Such materials may be prepared by conventional methods. For example, 2 moles of the monosodium salt of diethylene glycol of beta, beta'-dichloroethyl ether can be condensed to yield hexaethylene glycol dichloride, which is then condensed with 2 moles of the monopotassium salt of hexaethylene glycol to yield an 18 membered compound. The synthesis may be continued in this manner to yield even high molecular weight compounds.
  • suitable polyalkylene glycols include materials sold under the trade name Carbowax.
  • the Carbowax polyethylene glycols are commonly referred to in abbreviated form.
  • Carbowax 600 is the abbreviated form for Carbowax brand polyethylene glycol 600.
  • Carbowax 600 is a preferred adhesive material. This material has an average molecular weight of about 600 and is a soft, white, waxy substance at room temperature.
  • Carbowax 1000 Illustrative of other Carbowax materials which may be employed are: Carbowax 1000, Carbowax 1500 W, Carbowax 1540, Carbowax 4000 and Carbowax 6000. These materials have the following properties:
  • Alkoxy polyethylene glycols may also be employed, for example methoxy polyethylene glycol or other lower alkoxy polyethylene glycols.
  • High molecular weight polypropylene glycols and mixed glycols having similar properties to the high molecular weight polyethylene glycols may also be employed.
  • filter plugs which embody the present invention, from about 2 to 200 parts, by weight, of carbon and from about 2 to parts by Weight of high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol are employed per 100 parts of fiber.
  • sutlicient carbon should be present to provide from about 2 to about 150 mg. of carbon per cigarette.
  • the amount of carbon is about equal, for example no more than 20%, by weight, higher or lower, to the combined weight of tow, paper and paste employed in the filter plug.
  • the amount of high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol employed, under such circumstances, will preferably be about 0.1% to about 0.3%, by weight, of the amount of carbon employed.
  • Filter plugs embodying the present invention may contain other additives, for example other adsorbents, such as silica gel, rice starch, activated aluminas and the like, but preferably contains the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol as the sole adhesive or binding agent.
  • adsorbents such as silica gel, rice starch, activated aluminas and the like, but preferably contains the high molecular weight polyalkylene glycol as the sole adhesive or binding agent.
  • Filter plugs embodying the present invention will generally be from about 4 to 25 mm. in length, when employed in cigarettes or the like.
  • the plugs are preferably incorporated in combination with an outer carbon-free plug, which may be a paper type plug or a tow type plug.
  • the outer plug is a cellulose acetate crimped fiber type plug having a total denier of from about 25,000 to 100,000, a denier per fiber of from about 1 to 16, a plug length of from about 4 to 20 mm. and a maximum RTD (resistance to draw) of about 6 inches of water;
  • An inner plug positioned between the tobacco and the carbon-containing plug may also be employed, if desired.
  • This inner plug may be similar in nature to the outer plug.
  • Both the inner plug and the outer plug when employed, may have incorporated therein high molecular weight polyethylene glycols, triacetin, various waxes, and other additives and similar materials and may also include various flavorants, if desired.
  • the inner and outer plugs need not be of the same construction or contain the same additives, if any.
  • the outer plug may contain various flavorants which are not present in the inner plug.
  • Example 1 A 5 denier per filament cellulose acetate yarn in the form of crimped tow containing 40,000 filaments was pulled over a series of air jets which spread the filaments over a width of about 8-12 inches. While in this spreadout condition, the filaments were passed through a centrifugal applicator wherein a high molecular weight poly ethylene glycol (Carbowax 600) which has been maintained in a reservoir at a temperature of from 30 to 35 C. (i.e. about 510 C. above its melting point) is sprayed on both the upper and lower surfaces of the spread-out tow maintained at about the same temperature as the Carbowax 600.
  • Other high molecular weight polyalkylene glycols are also preferably applied totow, in accordance with the invention, at a temperature slightly above their melting point, for example about 10 C. above their melting point.
  • Thehigh molecular weight polyethylene glycol is applied to the fibers in the form of small droplets.
  • the resulting coated spread-out tow is then passed beneath a hopper through which particles of PCB type carbon, having a particle .size of 12 to 30 mesh are passed, whereby the carbon particles areuniformly distributed across the surface of the spread-out and coated fibers.
  • the carbon particles are fed by means of a standard magnet vibratory feed unit.
  • the resulting material is then fed through a plenum chamber and is thereafter passed through a device whereby the tow is formed into a cylindrical shape and is wrapped with a paper wrapper to produce a con tinuous rod with a circumference of about 25 mm.
  • the resulting rod is then ultimately cut into 12.5 mm. filter tip lengths which gradually become firm due to the adhesive action of the high molecular weight polyethylene glycol on the cellulose acetate fibers and on the carbon particles. Analyses of this filter section from which the paper wrapper was removed show that it consisted of about 48% cellulose acetate filaments, 3% high molecular weight polyethylene glycol and 49% activated carbon.
  • the activated carbon was not readily dislodged from the fibers even with vigorous tapping of the filter section against a hard surface.
  • the cigarettes were found to have the following properties (based on an average of the ten cigarettes):
  • a commercially available filter cigarette of the cellulose acetate type and a commercially available cigarette having a filter section comprised of free particles of carbon were tested in comparison with the cigarettes prepared in accordance with this invention with the following results: the two commercially available cigarettes had lower efiiciencies (41.4 and 46.4%, respectively) than the present cigarettes and, when tested by chromatographic determinations for the removal of gas phase components, the present filters were found to remove from the smoke greater amounts of most of the undesirable gas phase constituents, such as acetaldehyde, acrolein, methyl ethyl ketone, acetonitrile, benzene and the like.
  • Cigarettes were prepared in substantially the same manner, employing (separately) in place of Carbowax 600, Carbowax 750, Carbowax 1000 and Carbowax 1540, with similar results to those obtained using Carbowax 600. Because of their more solid consistency, these higher molecular weight materials are preferred over the Carbowax 600.
  • Example 2 Cigarettes prepared in a similar manner to Example 1 were prepared in two batches: one batch had carbon plugs containing the same amount of Carbowax 600 as the cigarette of Example 1 and the second batch had carbon plugs containing no Canbowax 600. Except for the Carbowax 600, the cigarettes were substantially identical. Smoke from these cigarettes was analyzed. It was found that the Carbowax-containing cigarettes removed about 18% more phenols than did the Carbowax-free cigarettes, with all other efficiencies and removals of the cigarettes tested being approximately the same for each type of cigarette.
  • RTD Resistance to draw
  • a vacuum system was set to pull an air flow of 1050 cc./min. by inserting the tapered end of a standard capillary tube through the dental dam of the cigarette holder and adjusting the reading on the water manometer to the correct RTD.
  • the water level of the manometer was set at zero before inserting the standard capillary.
  • the molecular weight described in this specification is an average molecular weight and is determined as,
  • a filter for tobacco smoke consisting essentially of a tow of cellulose acetate filaments, activated coconut type carbon particles preponderantly of a mesh size of about 12 to 30 mesh and a polyalkylene glycol of a molecular weight between 600 and 20,000, said filter containing from 2 to 200 parts by weight of said carbon particles and 2 to 25 parts by weight of said polyalkylene glycol per 100 parts of said filaments, said polyalkylene glycol functioning, to cause adherence of said carbon particles to the cellulose acetate filaments of the tow and further to selectively remove some of the undesirable phenols from the gas phase of the smoke.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
US367446A 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tobacco smoke filter Expired - Lifetime US3347247A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US367446A US3347247A (en) 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tobacco smoke filter
IL23459A IL23459A (en) 1964-05-14 1965-05-02 Tobacco smoke filter
GB19430/65A GB1073896A (en) 1964-05-14 1965-05-07 Tobacco smoke filter
CH647765A CH450261A (de) 1964-05-14 1965-05-10 Filter für Tabakrauch
DE1517314A DE1517314C3 (de) 1964-05-14 1965-05-11 Filter für Tabakrauch
NL656506033A NL153075B (nl) 1964-05-14 1965-05-12 Filter voor tabaksrook.
DO1965001200A DOP1965001200A (es) 1964-05-14 1965-05-12 Filtro de tabaco de fumar
FR16682A FR1444047A (fr) 1964-05-14 1965-05-12 Filtre pour la fumée du tabac
AT435465A AT267389B (de) 1964-05-14 1965-05-13 Filter für Tabakrauch
NO158061A NO122058B (no) 1964-05-14 1965-05-13
FI651163A FI48240C (fi) 1964-05-14 1965-05-13 Tupakansavun suodatin.
BE778596A BE778596Q (fr) 1964-05-14 1972-01-27 Filtre pour la fumee du tabac

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US367446A US3347247A (en) 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tobacco smoke filter

Publications (1)

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US3347247A true US3347247A (en) 1967-10-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US367446A Expired - Lifetime US3347247A (en) 1964-05-14 1964-05-14 Tobacco smoke filter

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US (1) US3347247A (no)
AT (1) AT267389B (no)
BE (1) BE778596Q (no)
CH (1) CH450261A (no)
DE (1) DE1517314C3 (no)
DO (1) DOP1965001200A (no)
FI (1) FI48240C (no)
FR (1) FR1444047A (no)
GB (1) GB1073896A (no)
IL (1) IL23459A (no)
NL (1) NL153075B (no)
NO (1) NO122058B (no)

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CN101396168B (zh) * 2007-09-24 2013-03-13 国际烟草机械波兰私人控股有限责任公司 提高有机植物材料的膨胀和干燥处理效率的方法和供给器
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US8739802B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2014-06-03 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Filtered cigarette
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BE778596Q (fr) 1972-07-27
NO122058B (no) 1971-05-10
DOP1965001200A (es) 1970-02-26
DE1517314C3 (de) 1974-05-22
FI48240C (fi) 1974-08-12
NL6506033A (no) 1965-11-15
GB1073896A (en) 1967-06-28
DE1517314A1 (de) 1969-12-11
FR1444047A (fr) 1966-07-01
NL153075B (nl) 1977-05-16
AT267389B (de) 1968-12-27
FI48240B (no) 1974-04-30
DE1517314B2 (de) 1973-10-11
IL23459A (en) 1969-02-27
CH450261A (de) 1968-01-15

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