US3324885A - Spool valves - Google Patents

Spool valves Download PDF

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Publication number
US3324885A
US3324885A US40646564A US3324885A US 3324885 A US3324885 A US 3324885A US 40646564 A US40646564 A US 40646564A US 3324885 A US3324885 A US 3324885A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liner
valve
ports
spool
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Beech Austin Sidney
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Austin S Beech and Co Ltd
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Austin S Beech and Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Austin S Beech and Co Ltd filed Critical Austin S Beech and Co Ltd
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Publication of US3324885A publication Critical patent/US3324885A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07—Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86389—Programmer or timer
    • Y10T137/86445—Plural, sequential, valve actuations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86574—Supply and exhaust
    • Y10T137/86622—Motor-operated

Definitions

  • This invention relates to spool valves of the kind comprising a spool, a ported sleeve having a bore in which the spool works and a valve body fitted to the sleeve, in which body there are fluid passages connected to the ports in the sleeve, and means for operating the spool.
  • Various ditficulties arise in the manufacture of valves of this kind, partly owing to the fact that normally the valve body is subject to fluid pressure and must be free of porosity and completely pressure-tight.
  • Another difliculty lies in the provision of the ports in the liner, which normally have to connect the bore in which the spool works with the exterior of the liner and involve the drilling of radial passages through the liner.
  • a considerable number of radial holes must be drilled, which weakens the liner, occupies a large amount of time in manufacture and generally demands great accuracy in the placing of the holes.
  • a port consists of a circumferential row of holes the initial shape of the port openings when the spool passes the holes is bounded by a short circular segment of the hole which is crossed by the edge of the spool to form a chord to the circle and the chord is initially a very short one so that the valve opening is not sudden as is desirable and the stroke of the spool has to be correspondingly longer.
  • Increase of the stroke of the spool involves a wider spacing of the ports, and a greater length of valve body for a given port opening.
  • a valve of the type above referred to is characterised by the fact that the ports in the sleeve are formed by internal circumferential grooves and the sleeve is cut away at one side to afford a joint face, the joint face intersecting the grooves which form the ports, and by the fact that part of the valve body containing the fluid passages is provided with a joint face on to which the fluid passages open and which is jointed to the joint face of the sleeve, so that access of pressure fluid from the passages to the exterior of the remainder of the liner is prevented.
  • the part of the valve body to which the sleeve is jointed is a separate member from a part which houses the sleeve.
  • the effect of this construction is that the main part of the valve body, other than that in which the fluid passages are cut, is not itself subjected to fluid pressure and may 'be manufacured of a casting or of other material which is not suitable for resisting heavy fluid pressures, whether hydraulic or pneumatic.
  • Another advantage is that as the ports are cut all the way round the interior of the liner in the form of circumferential grooves, the stroke of the spool for a given valve opening is reduced and the overall dimensions of the valve can be reduced correspondingly.
  • a further advantage is that the labour of drilling accurately large numbers of holes is elimi nated.
  • valve body having a ported joint face or faces to which two or several different sleeves as above described may be jointed and the passages in the valve body are made to serve both or all the sleeves.
  • ous sleeves may be any desired.
  • these spools may be operated mechanically in predetermined order by a cam shaft.
  • the spools may be operated by solenoids or by hand levers or by hydraulic or pneumatic pistons.
  • the ported portion of the valve body to which the spool sleeves are jointed to be a part of a larger mechanism such as a machine tool and the sleeves can be applied to suitable faces on the outside of the valvebody portion of the machine tool. This is particularly convenient where a number of spools are required to control parts of a machine tool because the ported sleeves can be removed separately for servicing without disturbing the pipework on the tool itself.
  • actuating means for example a solenoid-housing or housings, to the end or ends of the sleeve by means of external tie rods.
  • FIGURE 1 is a plan of a valve
  • FIGURE 2 is a vertical section upon the line 22 of FIGURE 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;
  • FIGURE 3 is a side elevation of the construction shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view of a liner
  • FIGURE 5 is a detail of a tappet
  • FIGURE 6 is a perspective view of a gasket plate
  • FIGURE 7 is a view similar to FIGURE 2 of a modified construction
  • FIGURE 8 is a similar view of a further modification
  • FIGURE 9 is a section through a cam operated construction in accordance with the invention, taken upon the line 9-9 of FIGURE 10, and
  • FIGURE '10 is a front elevation of the construction shown in FIGURE 9 with parts broken away to show the interior.
  • the valve shown in FIGURES 1 to 3 comprises a body 11 containing a cylindrical liner 12 of hardened steel the interior of which is honed or grooved to form a close-working fit for a valve spool 13, also of hardened steel.
  • the liner 12, instead of being of hardened steel may in some cases be of hard cast iron or anodised aluminium.
  • the liner is first bored (as shown at 20, FIGURE 4) and turned (in the soft state if of hardenable steel) and five circumferential grooves 14, 15, 16 are turned in the interior of the bore at the positions corresponding to the ports, which in the case described, consist of a central supply port 16, two distribution ports 15 (one on each side of the supply port) which may be connected say, to the two ends of a hydraulic or penumatic cylinder and outside these exhaust ports 14, one towards each end of the liner.
  • the liner 12 is made of a suflicient external diameter to enable the ports to be provided without reducing the thickness of metal between the outer periphery of the groove for each port and the outside of the liner to a point where it is thinner than is requisite for strength.
  • Outside the ports 14 at each end of the liner there is a recess 17 to receive a sealing ring 18 of rubber or nylon or the like.
  • the liner 12 is fitted into the valve body 11 which has a bore to fit the exterior of the liner and an intermediate fiat at 24 FIGURE 3 corresponding to the flat joint face 19 which has been provided on the liner itself.
  • a valve base 25 which contains distribution passages 26, 27, 28 corresponding to the five ports 14-16 inthe liner.
  • the passages have fiat-sided ports of the same dimensions and spacings as the openings 21, 22, 23 in the side of i the liner 12 and the ports in the base 25 are in such a location that they coincide on assembly with the ports in the liner.
  • a gasket plate 30 consisting of a stout piece of sheet steel pierced with elongated port openings corresponding to the ports in the base and the liner but somewhat larger.
  • Joint rings 31, initially of circular shape and made of rubber or nylon or the like are provided, the perimeter of which is equal to the perimeter of the port openings in the gasket plate 30 and these joint rings are inserted in the gasket plate and are thereby deformed into an elongated shape similar to that of the apertures in the gasket plate as shown in FIGURE 6.
  • the thickness of the gasket plate 30 is such that it is a little thinner than the thickness of the joint rings 31 and the flat 19 on the liner is such that when the liner is in position in the valve body 11 it is slightly under flush relatively to the joint face on the valve body.
  • the base is held to the valve body by four screws 33 and when the screws are tightened up the force of the screws is wholly taken between the valve body 11 and the base 25, no direct pressure being exerted between the base 25 and the joint face 19 on the liner, but the joint rings 31 in the gasket plate engage both the base and the joint face of the liner 12 and seal the joint.
  • a solenoid winding (not shown) and an iron magnet 36 in a case 34, which is held against the valve body by a base plate 35 to which the solenoid magnetic circuit 36 is secured.
  • a circlip 40 which fits into a groove in the interior of the bore in the valve body 11 which receives the liner 12.
  • the movable solenoid core (which is not shown in the drawing) is intended to operate against a tappet 41 which passes through a sealing ring in the centre of the disc 38 and has a head 42 to bear on the end of the spool 13.
  • the top of the valve body 11 has a junction box 55 formed in it, with a cover 56 and passages 57, 58 to the interior of the casings 34, throngh which the solenoid connections can be led.
  • Each of the tappets 41 and 43 is formed at its end as shown in FIGURE 5, with a head 61.
  • the end of the tappet rod (41 as drawn) is reduced a little and passed through a hole in the head 61 and is rivetted in place by stamping it with cross-grooves 62, 63.
  • the spool 13 has a hole 63 drilled through it from end to end and the grooves prevent the tappet making a tight joint on the end of the spool. When the spool is moved. therefore, air can pass freely fro-m the chamber 67 inside the ring 37 to the chamber 66 inside the ring 47 and the valve is not made sluggish in operation, as would be the case if there were no provision for freedom of air passage through it.
  • FIGURE 7 shows a modification in which, instead of one of the solenoids, there is, at the left-hand end of the valve as viewed in the figure, an end plate 64 which supports an axial spring 65.
  • the right-hand end of the valve is like the left-hand end of FIGURE 2 and there are no centering springs.
  • This valve will cause a piston and cylinder motor connected to the distribution passages 27 to move in one direction or the other, according as the solenoid is energised or de-energised.
  • FIGURE 8 there is shown another modification, using two solenoids and tappets similar to 41, FIGURE 2, and discs 38 at both ends.
  • the discs 38 and the valve-sleeve 12 instead of spacer rings such as 37, there are centralising springs 70, which bear on collars 71.
  • the collars 71 are shaped so that they receive the heads 61 of the tappets 41 in recesses in their inner faces.
  • the effect is that, if neither solenoid is energised, the spool 13 is centralised as shown and the distribution ports 27 are cut off both from supply 28 and exhaust 26.
  • a motor connected to ports 27 will be held in whatever position it may have reached if current is cut off from both solenoids, and it will be moved to one end or the other of its stroke if current is supplied to one or the other of them.
  • FIGURES 9 and 10 show a construction in which there is a valve body 75 corresponding to the base 25 of FIGURES 1 and 2 but formed as part of the body of a machine tool the remainder of which does not appear in the figure.
  • ports 26, 27 and 28 are provided in the body 75 but in this case there are three sets of such ports, the second and third set being numbered in the figure 126 to 128 and 226 to 228, respectively.
  • the three ported portions of the valve .body have faces against which bear three gaskets 30 (FIGURE 9) corresponding to the gasket 3-0 of FIGURE 2, and against each gasket there is clamped a liner 12 which is held in a valve housing 76 corresponding to the housing 11 of FIGURES 1 and 2.
  • the housing 76 is provided with three bores to receive the three liners 12. The lower ends of these bores are closed by plugs 77 and the undersides of the plugs are held in place by a plate 78 secured to the housing 76 by screws, as shown.
  • a valve spool 80 which is similar to the spool 13 of FIGURE 2 but is urged upwardly by a spring 81 in the plug 77 beneath it and has at its upper end a tappet 82 similar to the tappet 41 of FIGURE 5, which passes through a spacer 83 and a sealing disc 84 held in place by a circlip 85. All these parts are provided with appropriate sealing rings as shown.
  • each of the valve spools 80 is operated in turn by the cam shaft 90 and the supply of pressure to the various ports is determined as to its duration and the order of operation of the parts to which the ports are connected by the relative shape of the cams.
  • the cam shaft 90 may be driven by any desired operating gear, for example by a ratchet mechanism which is energised a step at a time, by limit switches or the like on the machine tool.
  • the stroke of the valve spool 13 is short and the valve body is compact for the reasons already described.
  • the solenoids have short strokes and are for this reason more efilcient.
  • the reduced size of the parts reduces the amount of machining, there are no radial holes to be drilled in the liner, the flow of fluid through the valves is more streamlined than when radial holes are provided as ports and the total work required for machining purposes is less.
  • the base 25, the gasket plate 30, the liner 12 and the spool 13 can readily be made of non-corrosive material if corrosive fluids are to be employed, without alfecting the manufacture of the valve body 11 or the solenoids 34.
  • a valve comprising a valve housing having a generally cylindrical bore, a valve seat comprising a generally cylindrical liner sealingly mounted in said bore, said liner having a plurality of axially spaced internal annular grooves, said liner being cut away at one side to alford a generally planar face intersecting said grooves to form ports through said liner communicating with said grooves, said valve housing being cut away to expose said planar face, a base having a planar face, gasket means, means connecting the base to the valve housing sealingly holding the gasket between the planar face of the liner and that of the base, ports in the base registering through ports in the gasket with the liner ports, and valve means carried by the liner for communicating selected annular grooves.
  • valve means comprise a spool and in which the valve housing carries an electrical operating solenoid for the spool.
  • a valve as claimed in claim 2 in which the solenoid operates the spool through a sealed tappet and in which the spool has a longitudinal internal passageway extending from end to end whereby air may freely pass through the spool when the spool is operated by the tappet.
  • a valve as claimed in claim 5 in which the sealing rings stand proud of the gasket before the said valve base is connected to the said valve housing whereby the sealing rings are laterally compressed during said connection.
  • a valve as claimed in claim 1 in which the base has a planar face and associated ports for the jointing of a multiplicity of separate valve housings to said face and in which the said ports are connected to only one set of fluid passages within the base, which passages thereby serve all the valve housings.
  • valve housing as claimed in claim 7 in which the 'base to which the valve housings are jointed forms part of a larger machine and in which the liners and spools within the valve housings are arranged parallel to one another and are operated mechanically in predetermined order by a cam shaft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Multiple-Way Valves (AREA)
  • Taps Or Cocks (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Valve Housings (AREA)
US40646564 1963-11-04 1964-10-26 Spool valves Expired - Lifetime US3324885A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4347463A GB1016727A (en) 1963-11-04 1963-11-04 Improvements in or relating to spool valves for controlling fluid flow
GB3558264 1964-08-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3324885A true US3324885A (en) 1967-06-13

Family

ID=26262780

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US40646564 Expired - Lifetime US3324885A (en) 1963-11-04 1964-10-26 Spool valves

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3324885A (es)
BE (1) BE655180A (es)
CH (1) CH436894A (es)
ES (1) ES305632A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1016727A (es)
NL (2) NL6412626A (es)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3438463A (en) * 1966-04-29 1969-04-15 Eaton Yale & Towne Lubricant metering valve cross-porting arrangement
US3608586A (en) * 1970-03-23 1971-09-28 Sperry Rand Corp Friction pads for no-spring model directional valves
US3633624A (en) * 1967-08-29 1972-01-11 Parker Hannifin Corp Solenoid-operated valve assembly
EP0134185A2 (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-03-13 Abex Corporation Modular directional valve
US4566490A (en) * 1981-11-12 1986-01-28 Mac Valves, Inc. Direct solenoid operated valve with minimal tolerance accumulation
US5447176A (en) * 1994-02-15 1995-09-05 Smc Corporation Spool type change-over valve
WO2013002738A1 (en) * 2011-06-27 2013-01-03 Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev, D.O.O. Hydraulic circuit components controlling electromagnetic valve
US20170167617A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-15 Husco Automotive Holding Llc Control valve having a metal sleeve within a plastic valve body
CN108591157A (zh) * 2018-06-24 2018-09-28 何旺成 水液压数字阀

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879788A (en) * 1955-04-07 1959-03-31 Beckett Harcum Co Manifold mounted valve
US2910089A (en) * 1958-09-04 1959-10-27 Gordon W Yarber Multiple-position valve
US3060970A (en) * 1960-02-24 1962-10-30 Alkon Products Corp Fluid valve construction
US3200847A (en) * 1962-05-23 1965-08-17 Parker Hannifin Corp High pressure valve assembly
US3215158A (en) * 1963-10-09 1965-11-02 Perfecting Service Company Stack valve assemblies with interchangeable components

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2879788A (en) * 1955-04-07 1959-03-31 Beckett Harcum Co Manifold mounted valve
US2910089A (en) * 1958-09-04 1959-10-27 Gordon W Yarber Multiple-position valve
US3060970A (en) * 1960-02-24 1962-10-30 Alkon Products Corp Fluid valve construction
US3200847A (en) * 1962-05-23 1965-08-17 Parker Hannifin Corp High pressure valve assembly
US3215158A (en) * 1963-10-09 1965-11-02 Perfecting Service Company Stack valve assemblies with interchangeable components

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3438463A (en) * 1966-04-29 1969-04-15 Eaton Yale & Towne Lubricant metering valve cross-porting arrangement
US3633624A (en) * 1967-08-29 1972-01-11 Parker Hannifin Corp Solenoid-operated valve assembly
US3608586A (en) * 1970-03-23 1971-09-28 Sperry Rand Corp Friction pads for no-spring model directional valves
US4566490A (en) * 1981-11-12 1986-01-28 Mac Valves, Inc. Direct solenoid operated valve with minimal tolerance accumulation
EP0134185A3 (en) * 1983-07-18 1987-07-01 Abex Corporation Modular directional valve
US4515184A (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-05-07 Abex Corporation Modular directional valve
EP0134185A2 (en) * 1983-07-18 1985-03-13 Abex Corporation Modular directional valve
US5447176A (en) * 1994-02-15 1995-09-05 Smc Corporation Spool type change-over valve
WO2013002738A1 (en) * 2011-06-27 2013-01-03 Tajfun Planina Proizvodnja Strojev, D.O.O. Hydraulic circuit components controlling electromagnetic valve
US20170167617A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-15 Husco Automotive Holding Llc Control valve having a metal sleeve within a plastic valve body
CN106885002A (zh) * 2015-12-15 2017-06-23 胡斯可汽车控股有限公司 在塑料阀体中具有金属套的控制阀
US10907740B2 (en) * 2015-12-15 2021-02-02 Husco Automotive Holdings Llc Control valve having a metal sleeve within a plastic valve body
CN108591157A (zh) * 2018-06-24 2018-09-28 何旺成 水液压数字阀

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE655180A (es) 1965-03-01
NL124496C (es) 1900-01-01
ES305632A1 (es) 1965-05-01
CH436894A (de) 1967-05-31
NL6412626A (es) 1965-05-06
GB1016727A (en) 1966-01-12

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