US3282668A - Apparatus for the production of fibers from organic or inorganic thermoplastic materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for the production of fibers from organic or inorganic thermoplastic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3282668A
US3282668A US207115A US20711562A US3282668A US 3282668 A US3282668 A US 3282668A US 207115 A US207115 A US 207115A US 20711562 A US20711562 A US 20711562A US 3282668 A US3282668 A US 3282668A
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United States
Prior art keywords
thread
orifices
jets
fibers
passage
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Expired - Lifetime
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US207115A
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English (en)
Inventor
Mabru Marcel
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Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
    • C03B37/06—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by blasting or blowing molten glass, e.g. for making staple fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
    • C03B37/09—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates electrically heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
    • C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
    • C03B37/09—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates electrically heated
    • C03B37/091—Indirect-resistance heating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/098—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching
    • D01D5/0985—Melt spinning methods with simultaneous stretching by means of a flowing gas (e.g. melt-blowing)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
    • Y10S264/19—Inorganic fiber

Definitions

  • MABRU 3 APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FIBERS FROM ORGANIC Nov. 1, 1966 OR INORGANIC THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 2, 1962 INVENTOR MAEC'E'L M451U ATTORNEY Nov. 1, 1966 M. MABRU 3,282,668
  • the present invention relates to amethod of and apparatus for the production of fibers from organic or inorganic thermoplastic materials, for example, from glass.
  • the thread of material, before being subjected to the action of gas jets is heated, without the material coming into contact with the source of heat, to give it a carefully controlled temperature before its entrance into the zone of action of the gas jets.
  • This heating may be effected particularly by radiation, induction, or dielectric losses.
  • the invention provides particularly for the attainment of a more intense heating of the material before it penetrates the zone of action of the gas jets.
  • the invention also provides for the introduction of preheated air inside the gas jets. This can be efiected by conducting preheated air or fluid into a zone upstream of the devices which produce the gas jets. Also, in accordance with the invention, heating may be done in the zone situated upstream of the devices for forming the gas jets. It has been established that the induction of air, thus heated, into the gas jets has the effect of improving, to a marked degree, the manufacture of the fibers.
  • the thread of thermoplastic material is subjected to the action of several groups of gas jets, each group forming a sheaf surrounding the thread of material.
  • the axes of these jets are preferably, as indicated above, directed along the generatrices of a hyperboloid of revolution, these different hyperboloids having their circular throats in parallel planes.
  • the gas jets may be or diiterent pressures from one group to another, a fact which allows for regulation of the action of the gas currents on the material, and particularly for better regulation of the drawing-out effect. They may likewise be produced in different directions from one group to another, and particularly in opposite directions in order to obtain especially energetic drawingout actions.
  • the invention provides, according to another characteristic, for subjecting the material in the plastic state to a
  • the invention contemplates that these gas jets ited States Patent ICC heating action, immediately after having undergone the I below are described, by way of example and not by way of limitation, several forms of execution of the devices according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the first embodiment of the invention, more particularly designed for the production of fibers from inorganic thermoplastic materials such as glass;
  • FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a variant of the device shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the pre-heating device in the form of a dielectric heater
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the invention which features several groups of gas jets;
  • FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment in which the spinning nozzle, from which the thread of material comes, discharges in the vicinity of the gas jets;
  • FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view of another embodiment of the invention particularly designed for the production of fibers from organic materials.
  • the exit orifices '1 of the gases direct the gas jets which have been described above.
  • the axes of these orifices may be arranged along the generatrices of a hyperboloid of revolution. As indicated in the sectional view by both solid and dotted lines, these orifices are directed downwardly as well as tangentially with respect to the central opening through which the thread of material passes.
  • the thread of material 2 flows from a spinner nozzle 3. Before passing into the zone where it is subjected to the action of gas jets proceeding from orifices 1, the thread travels along the axis of a conduit 4, the wall 5 of which is in proximity to an electrical resistance heater 6, and wall 5 is of refractory material to effect the heating of the thread by radiation.
  • the thread of material 2 then traverses a conical part 16, the wall 8 of which also effects heating of the thread by radiation of the heat liberated by an electrical resistance 9.
  • heating of the thread of-material 2 is accomplished by dielectric losses through the passage thereof between two electrodes 18, 18a producing a high-frequency field.
  • 19 shows an annular burner which heats the air passing into conduit 4 and which is induced by the gas jets acting on the thread of material, which issue from orifices 1 in communication with annular chamber 10.
  • the preceding devices comprise a passage 17 for circulation of a cooling fluid, which is provided in the body where the orifices 1 are provided, so as to avoid raising said body to a temperature which is too high.
  • They also comprise an annular gas burner 20 whose flames are directed parallel to the axis of symmetry of the gas jets, i.e., in a vertical direction, and which act on the fibers which are formed by jets to re-heat them.
  • the device comprises a first group of orifices 22 supplied by a crown 23 communicating through passage 24 with a combustion chamber 25, this first group forming a sheaf of gas jets surrounding the thread of material. It comprises also a second group of orifices 26-27 supplied by a crown 28 communicating by a passage 29 with a combustion chamber 30. This second group of orifices forms two sheafs of gas jets also surrounding the thread of material.
  • the orifices of these groups may be directed in the same or different directions from one group to another any may possibly be at different pressures and/or temperatures.
  • the orifices 22, 26 and 27 are arranged downwardly and tangentially as are the orifices 1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • 31 represents a gas burner in the shape of a crown or annulus provided with outlet orifices 32 directing flames toward the thread of material, and outlet orifices 33 directing the flames in a direction substantially parallel to said thread.
  • An annular passage 34 is also provided, through which passes a relatively cold fluid, for example, steam or hot air, which leave through orifices 35, which are directed in parallel to the thread of material.
  • FIG. 5 shows a device according to which the orifice of spinning nozzle 36 empties near orifices 1. The latter are supplied with whirling gas jets as described in connection with the arrangement shown in FIG. 1. Like parts in FIG. 5 are designated by the same numerals as in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment according to the invention for the production of fibers from organic thermoplastic materials.
  • the material is brought in the melted state through passage 37 up to the vicinity of orifices 1, through which is discharged a cold or relatively cold gas such as steam, hot air, etc.
  • An annular crown 38 may be provided outwardly of orifices 1, to direct a current of cold or relatively cold fluid such as hot air or steam through orifices 39 in order to facilitate the evacuation of the fibers or to assure a completion of the drawing-out operation.
  • the outer orifices 39 extend in a direction substantially parallel to the thread of material passing through conduit 37.
  • a fiber drawing device having a circular opening therein, a passage for a freely dropping thread of viscous thermoplastic material above said opening, said device having below said opening a plurality of downwardly and tangentially directed orifices of small cross-section in non-intersecting relation to the thread through which is adapted to be discharged jets of hot gaseous fluid to impart rapid rotary movement to the thread, and means for heating said pas sage to maintain said thread at a predetermined tempera-' ture prior to the action thereon by the gaseous fluid, the preheated air in said passage surrounding the falling 4 thread adapted to be induced to follow the falling thread by the drawing action of the gas jets which act upon both the falling thread and the body of preheated air surrounding it.
  • a fiber drawing device having a circular opening therein,-a passage for a freely dropping thread of viscous thermoplastic material above said opening, said device having a plurality of downwardly and tangentially directed orifices of small cross-section in non-intersecting relation to the thread through which is adapted to be discharged jets of i a gaseous fluid to impart rapid rotary movement to the thread, and an annular chamber having openings below said orifices for directing hot gases or flames in a vertical direction concentric to said thread for re-heating the thread of viscous material after the action thereon by the gaseous fluid.
  • a fiber drawing device having a circular opening therein, a substantially cylindrical passage for a freely dropping thread of viscous thermoplastic material above said opening terminating in a tapered outlet, said device having below said outlet a plurality of downwardly and tangentially directed orifices of small cross-section in non-intersecting relation to the thread through which is adapted to be discharged jets of hot gaseous fluid, said orifices being arranged along generatrices of a hyperboloid of revolution to discharge the jets of hot gases in the form of a sheaf surrounding the thread, to impart rapid rotary movement to the thread and means for heating said passage to transmit a critical amount of heat to said thread immeditely prior to the action thereon by the gaseous fluid.
  • a fiber drawing device having a circular opening therein, a passage for a freely dropping thread of viscous thermoplastic material above said opening, said device having a plurality of downwardly and tangentially directed orifices of small cross-section in non-intersecting relation to the thread through which is adapted to be discharged jets of a gaseous fluid to impart rapid rotary movement to the thread, an annular combustion chamber below said orifices directing hot gases in a vertical direction for re-heating the thread of viscous material after the action thereon by the gaseous fluid, and a second annular chamber concentric with said combustion chamber and disposed outwardly thereof to discharge a cooler'blast of gas than the hot gases or flames issuing from the combustion chamber.
  • a fiber drawing device having a circular opening therein, a substantially cylindrical passage for a freely dropping thread of viscous thermoplastic material above said opening terminating in a tapered outlet, said device having below said outlet a plurality of downwardly and tangentially directed orifices of small cross-section in non-intersecting relation to the thread through which is adapted to be discharged jets of hot gaseous fluid, said orifices being arranged along generatrices of a hyperboloid of revolution to discharge the jets of hot gases in the form of a sheaf surrounding the thread to impart rapid rotary movement to the thread, means for heating said passage to transmit a critical amount of heat to said thread immediately prior to the action thereon by the gaseous fluid, an annular combeing provided with openings for discharging the gases therefrom in a vertical direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
US207115A 1961-07-13 1962-07-02 Apparatus for the production of fibers from organic or inorganic thermoplastic materials Expired - Lifetime US3282668A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR867892A FR1302508A (fr) 1961-07-13 1961-07-13 Procédé et dispositifs pour la production de fibres à partir de matières thermoplastiques organiques ou inorganiques

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US3282668A true US3282668A (en) 1966-11-01

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US (1) US3282668A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
BE (1) BE620050A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
DE (1) DE1286682B (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
FR (1) FR1302508A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
GB (1) GB997574A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
NL (1) NL280625A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
OA (1) OA00386A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3418095A (en) * 1968-02-12 1968-12-24 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for producing fibers
US3543332A (en) * 1966-09-21 1970-12-01 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing fibrous structures
US3826598A (en) * 1971-11-26 1974-07-30 Nuclear Metals Inc Rotating gas jet apparatus for atomization of metal stream
US3912478A (en) * 1974-06-17 1975-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Methods of introducing geometrical variations in optical fibers
US4028081A (en) * 1975-12-11 1977-06-07 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Method for manufacturing helical optical fiber
US4185981A (en) * 1975-08-20 1980-01-29 Nippon Sheet Glass Co.,Ltd. Method for producing fibers from heat-softening materials
US4243400A (en) * 1975-08-20 1981-01-06 Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing fibers from heat-softening materials
US4557742A (en) * 1984-07-02 1985-12-10 Polaroid Corporation Polarized optical fiber and method of forming same
US4713106A (en) * 1986-04-18 1987-12-15 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for conveying molten material
US5667749A (en) * 1995-08-02 1997-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5711970A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-01-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5811178A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-09-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High bulk nonwoven sorbent with fiber density gradient
US5913329A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High temperature, high speed rotary valve

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3704692A1 (de) * 1987-02-14 1988-08-25 Bayer Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung feinster mineralfasern, insbesondere glasfasern
US5196207A (en) * 1992-01-27 1993-03-23 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Meltblown die head

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2018478A (en) * 1933-01-16 1935-10-22 Charles C Whittier Machine for making chemical asbestos
US2136158A (en) * 1937-02-02 1938-11-08 Standard Lime And Stone Compan Method of blowing meineral wool
US2227357A (en) * 1937-05-13 1940-12-31 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Production of fiber glass
FR1009288A (fr) * 1948-06-02 1952-05-27 Saint Gobain Procédé et dispositifs pour la fabrication de fibres de matières thermoplastiques, en particulier de fibres de verre
US2814832A (en) * 1953-05-04 1957-12-03 Gustin Bacon Mfg Co Process for producing superfine glass fibers
FR1185798A (fr) * 1957-11-06 1959-08-05 Saint Gobain Perfectionnement à la fabrication de fibres à partir de matières telles que notamment verre, basalte, laitier
US2956304A (en) * 1956-12-06 1960-10-18 Vanadium Alloys Steel Co Apparatus for atomizing molten metal
US2968062A (en) * 1959-03-23 1961-01-17 Federal Mogul Bower Bearings Atomizing nozzle and pouring cup assembly for the manufacture of metal powders
US2991507A (en) * 1956-07-12 1961-07-11 Saint Gobain Manufacture of fibers from thermoplastic materials such as glass
US3013299A (en) * 1957-04-10 1961-12-19 United States Gypsum Co Method of and means for fiberization

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE736098C (de) * 1937-01-28 1943-06-07 Naamlooze Vennootschap Mij Tot Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Fasern aus geschmolzenem Glas
DE764396C (de) * 1938-08-27 1952-10-20 Lambert Jansen Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Glasfasern
US2635389A (en) * 1950-03-21 1953-04-21 Glass Fibers Inc Method of producing continuous glass filaments

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2018478A (en) * 1933-01-16 1935-10-22 Charles C Whittier Machine for making chemical asbestos
US2136158A (en) * 1937-02-02 1938-11-08 Standard Lime And Stone Compan Method of blowing meineral wool
US2227357A (en) * 1937-05-13 1940-12-31 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Production of fiber glass
FR1009288A (fr) * 1948-06-02 1952-05-27 Saint Gobain Procédé et dispositifs pour la fabrication de fibres de matières thermoplastiques, en particulier de fibres de verre
US2814832A (en) * 1953-05-04 1957-12-03 Gustin Bacon Mfg Co Process for producing superfine glass fibers
US2991507A (en) * 1956-07-12 1961-07-11 Saint Gobain Manufacture of fibers from thermoplastic materials such as glass
US2956304A (en) * 1956-12-06 1960-10-18 Vanadium Alloys Steel Co Apparatus for atomizing molten metal
US3013299A (en) * 1957-04-10 1961-12-19 United States Gypsum Co Method of and means for fiberization
FR1185798A (fr) * 1957-11-06 1959-08-05 Saint Gobain Perfectionnement à la fabrication de fibres à partir de matières telles que notamment verre, basalte, laitier
US2968062A (en) * 1959-03-23 1961-01-17 Federal Mogul Bower Bearings Atomizing nozzle and pouring cup assembly for the manufacture of metal powders

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3543332A (en) * 1966-09-21 1970-12-01 Celanese Corp Apparatus for producing fibrous structures
US3418095A (en) * 1968-02-12 1968-12-24 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Method and apparatus for producing fibers
US3826598A (en) * 1971-11-26 1974-07-30 Nuclear Metals Inc Rotating gas jet apparatus for atomization of metal stream
US3912478A (en) * 1974-06-17 1975-10-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Methods of introducing geometrical variations in optical fibers
US4243400A (en) * 1975-08-20 1981-01-06 Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. Apparatus for producing fibers from heat-softening materials
US4185981A (en) * 1975-08-20 1980-01-29 Nippon Sheet Glass Co.,Ltd. Method for producing fibers from heat-softening materials
US4028081A (en) * 1975-12-11 1977-06-07 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Method for manufacturing helical optical fiber
US4557742A (en) * 1984-07-02 1985-12-10 Polaroid Corporation Polarized optical fiber and method of forming same
US4713106A (en) * 1986-04-18 1987-12-15 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Method and apparatus for conveying molten material
US5667749A (en) * 1995-08-02 1997-09-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5711970A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-01-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Apparatus for the production of fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5807795A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-09-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for producing fibers and materials having enhanced characteristics
US5811178A (en) * 1995-08-02 1998-09-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High bulk nonwoven sorbent with fiber density gradient
US5913329A (en) * 1995-12-15 1999-06-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High temperature, high speed rotary valve

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB997574A (en) 1965-07-07
OA00386A (fr) 1966-05-15
BE620050A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
NL280625A (US20050192411A1-20050901-C00001.png)
FR1302508A (fr) 1962-08-31
DE1286682B (de) 1969-01-09

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