US3271195A - Electrodes and methods of making same - Google Patents
Electrodes and methods of making same Download PDFInfo
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- US3271195A US3271195A US213103A US21310362A US3271195A US 3271195 A US3271195 A US 3271195A US 213103 A US213103 A US 213103A US 21310362 A US21310362 A US 21310362A US 3271195 A US3271195 A US 3271195A
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- electrodes
- electrode
- fibers
- silver
- plates
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 6
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000914 Metallic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940084548 aldex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 pressing Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Ag] BSWGGJHLVUUXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0409—Methods of deposition of the material by a doctor blade method, slip-casting or roller coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
- H01M4/0433—Molding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the electrochemically active metal or a compound thereof, e.g. oxide, hydroxide, in powder form be pressed in a die to form an electrode plate.
- a binder be used to hold the metallic particles of the electrode together.
- Electrodes made by these processes leave much to be desired with regard to their mechanical strength. They are generally very fragile and difiicult to transport and handle in the various operations that they must be subjected to. Furthermore, these processes are severely limited with regard to the thinness of the electrodes that may be made.
- the fibers are preferably randomly dispersed in the powdered metal oxides or other metal compounds that are to constitute the electrochemically active materials of the electrode.
- These fibers are dispersed by preparing a wet slurry with said powders and fibers with or without the aid of binders.
- the resultant mix of fibers and powder is dried, ground and then pressed into a mold.
- the mixture is placed on a carrier, doctored, cut into plates and then pressed. When this powder is compressed, the resultant plate is one which has mechanical stability and great strength because of the mechanical interlocking of the fibers.
- This process permits the production of a fibrous plate by classical methods of fabri- I cation, such as pressing, rolling, etc.
- fibers are of metallic nature, additional benefit is derived because of the increase of conductivity afforded by the presence of the metal in the resultant electrode.
- a variety of fibers may be used in constructing the electrodes of the present invention. These include natural, modified natural, and synthetic organic fibers; natural and manufactured mineral fibers as well as metallic fibers, e.g. fine wire filaments, tinsel threads and metallic wools. These fibers may be used alone or in combination with other types of fibers.
- cellulosic fibers such as rayon fibers may be used to advantage in combination with cadmium metal fibers.
- metals particularly, electrically conductive metals.
- metallic silver may be precipitated in the interstices of a cellulosic fiber such as rayon or silver may be chemically combined with the fiber material in the form of a silver cellulosate.
- the quantity of fibers that a e incorporated in any given electrode will vary with the particular metal, metal oxide, or other compound employed and the requirements of the electrochemical device. In general, however, this will constitute about between .1% to 5% by weight based on the Weight of the electrochemically active material.
- a binder is also incorporated in the electrode.
- the quantity of binder can also vary, although generally between .l% to 5% by weight of the binder based on the active material, will suflice.
- the process of this invention is applicable to the preparation of a variety of metal electrodes. It can, for example, be applied to the preparation of cadmium, silver, zinc, nickel, iron, mercury, etc. electrodes wherein the material used in forming the electrode is in the form of powdered metal or a powdered compound thereof. It has, however, particular application in the preparation of cadmium electrodes wherein the cadmium is utilized in the form of cadmium oxide.
- any of the common additives which are included for the purpose of improving or altering the performance of the electrode.
- materials may be added which improve the conductivity of the electrode.
- materials may beadded which reduce the gassing characteristics of the battery or protect the battery on reversal.
- Example 1 Three hundred grams of CdO powder containing 5% nickel powder was formed into a paste with cc. of a .5 aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (viscosity 4-6 cps, hydrolysis 98.5l00%); 125 cc. of a 5% aqueous solution of oarboxymethyl cellulose (viscosity 70 cps.) and .5 gram of rayon fibers inch long, denier 1.5).
- the paste was air dried at room temperature until a solid product was obtained. This was ground to form particles that passed through an 80 mesh sieve. This powder was placed in a die cavity which was about 1% inches wide and 2 /8 inches long and then pressed at room temperature at a pressure of about 10 to 15 tons per in. The plate thickness was between 15 to 20 mils.
- a silver grid made of expanded silver grid material was cut to the approximate size of the plate and a silver tab was welded to one corner of the grid. This was then sandwiched between a pair of plates prepared as described above and the entire assembly was pressed together to form the finished electrode.
- Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that cotton fibers were used instead of rayon fibers.
- Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that metallic cadmium fibers of the order of .5 mil thick and up to of an inch long were employed.
- Example 4 A solution was first prepared by mixing 60 cc. of a .5% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and 240 cc. of a .5% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose.
- the polyvinyl alcohol was 98.5l% hydrolyzed and had a viscosity of between 46 cps.
- the carboxymet hyl cellulose has a viscosity of 70 cps.
- Example 5 The procedure of Example 1 was followed excepting that silver oxide powder was used in place of cadmium oxide.
- Example 6 The procedure of Example 1 was followed excepting that zinc oxide powder was utilized in place of the cadmium oxide powder.
- Electrodes made by Examples 1 to 6 can be used in any of the appropriate silver-cadmium, nickel-cadmium or silver-Zinc batteries disclosed in the prior art. Electrodes made by Examples 1 and 4 have, for example, been used in the construction of the batteries disclosed in Patent No. 2,994,729. They were employed in place of the cadmium electrodes disclosed in said patent.
- the positive electrodes utilized were sintered silver electrodes which are well known to those skilled in the art (see US. Patent No. 2,818,462), with or Without an imbedded metallic grid, the silver in the charged state being in the form of silver oxide and or silver peroxide.
- the electrolyte utilized was a 30% to 50% aqueous solution of KOH and preferably 40% aqueous KOH.
- the separator system used is the same shown in said patent, namely a U wrap of asemipermeable material such as cellophane, polyvinyl alcohol.
- the separator system may also contain an ion exchanged.
- a method of making an composite electrode for a galvanic electrical generator comprising the steps of:
Description
3,271,195 ELECTRODES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME Aldo S. Berchielli, New Hyde Park, N.Y., and Renato Di Pasquale, Rutherford, NJ, assignors to Yardney International Corp., New York, N.Y., a corporation of New York No Drawing. Filed July 30, 1962, Ser. No. 213,103 Claims. (Cl. 136-67) This invention relates to electrodes useful in electrochemical devices and to a process for making the same. It also relates to electrochemical devices containing said electrodes.
In the manufacture of electrodes for electrochemical devices, it has been suggested that the electrochemically active metal or a compound thereof, e.g. oxide, hydroxide, in powder form, be pressed in a die to form an electrode plate. In some instances, it has further been suggested that a binder be used to hold the metallic particles of the electrode together.
Electrodes made by these processes leave much to be desired with regard to their mechanical strength. They are generally very fragile and difiicult to transport and handle in the various operations that they must be subjected to. Furthermore, these processes are severely limited with regard to the thinness of the electrodes that may be made.
It is an object of the present invention to provide pressed electrodes of the above-mentioned type which have good mechanical strength.
It is another object of the present invention to provide thin pressed electrodes of good mechanical strength, said electrodes being of the order of about below 30 mils thick.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a process for making electrodes of this type.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide electrochemical devices which have incorporated therein electrodes of this type.
Other and more detailed objects of this invention will be apparent from the following description and claims.
It has now been found that the mechanical strength of these electrodes may be increased by incorporating therein organic or inorganic fibers. The term fiber is used herein in a broad sense in that it is intended to cover any type of a thread-like structure without regard to its particular length.
In carrying out the process of the present invention, the fibers are preferably randomly dispersed in the powdered metal oxides or other metal compounds that are to constitute the electrochemically active materials of the electrode. These fibers are dispersed by preparing a wet slurry with said powders and fibers with or without the aid of binders. In one form of this. invention, the resultant mix of fibers and powder is dried, ground and then pressed into a mold. In another form of the invention, the mixture is placed on a carrier, doctored, cut into plates and then pressed. When this powder is compressed, the resultant plate is one which has mechanical stability and great strength because of the mechanical interlocking of the fibers. This process permits the production of a fibrous plate by classical methods of fabri- I cation, such as pressing, rolling, etc. When the fibers are of metallic nature, additional benefit is derived because of the increase of conductivity afforded by the presence of the metal in the resultant electrode.
A variety of fibers may be used in constructing the electrodes of the present invention. These include natural, modified natural, and synthetic organic fibers; natural and manufactured mineral fibers as well as metallic fibers, e.g. fine wire filaments, tinsel threads and metallic wools. These fibers may be used alone or in combination with other types of fibers. Thus, for example, in certain ap- 3,27i,l Patented Sept. 6, 1966 plications, cellulosic fibers such as rayon fibers may be used to advantage in combination with cadmium metal fibers. Furthermore, in some applications, it is advantageous to impregnate fibers with metals, particularly, electrically conductive metals. By way of example, metallic silver may be precipitated in the interstices of a cellulosic fiber such as rayon or silver may be chemically combined with the fiber material in the form of a silver cellulosate.
The following are typical ex amples of fibers that may be used in accordance with this invention: rayon, cotton, nylon, acrylonitrile, cadmium. nickel, zinc, silver, fiber glass, etc.
The quantity of fibers that a e incorporated in any given electrode will vary with the particular metal, metal oxide, or other compound employed and the requirements of the electrochemical device. In general, however, this will constitute about between .1% to 5% by weight based on the Weight of the electrochemically active material.
As noted above, in one form of this invention, a binder is also incorporated in the electrode. Any of a large variety of binders, well known to those skilled in the art, may be used for this purpose. Of particular usefulness is carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol or a combination of the two in various proportions. The quantity of binder can also vary, although generally between .l% to 5% by weight of the binder based on the active material, will suflice.
The process of this invention is applicable to the preparation of a variety of metal electrodes. It can, for example, be applied to the preparation of cadmium, silver, zinc, nickel, iron, mercury, etc. electrodes wherein the material used in forming the electrode is in the form of powdered metal or a powdered compound thereof. It has, however, particular application in the preparation of cadmium electrodes wherein the cadmium is utilized in the form of cadmium oxide.
In preparing electrodes of the type herein described, there can also be incorporated therein any of the common additives which are included for the purpose of improving or altering the performance of the electrode. Thus, for example, materials may be added which improve the conductivity of the electrode. Furthermore, materials may beadded which reduce the gassing characteristics of the battery or protect the battery on reversal.
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that this invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1 Three hundred grams of CdO powder containing 5% nickel powder was formed into a paste with cc. of a .5 aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (viscosity 4-6 cps, hydrolysis 98.5l00%); 125 cc. of a 5% aqueous solution of oarboxymethyl cellulose (viscosity 70 cps.) and .5 gram of rayon fibers inch long, denier 1.5). The paste was air dried at room temperature until a solid product was obtained. This was ground to form particles that passed through an 80 mesh sieve. This powder was placed in a die cavity which was about 1% inches wide and 2 /8 inches long and then pressed at room temperature at a pressure of about 10 to 15 tons per in. The plate thickness was between 15 to 20 mils.
To complete the electrode, a silver grid made of expanded silver grid material was cut to the approximate size of the plate and a silver tab was welded to one corner of the grid. This was then sandwiched between a pair of plates prepared as described above and the entire assembly was pressed together to form the finished electrode.
.3 Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that cotton fibers were used instead of rayon fibers.
Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that metallic cadmium fibers of the order of .5 mil thick and up to of an inch long were employed.
Example 4 A solution was first prepared by mixing 60 cc. of a .5% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and 240 cc. of a .5% aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose. The polyvinyl alcohol was 98.5l% hydrolyzed and had a viscosity of between 46 cps. The carboxymet hyl cellulose has a viscosity of 70 cps.
One half of a gram of rayon fibers having a length of about A of an inch and a denier of 1.5 was placed in the solution prepared above. This mixture was placed in a blender and agitated until a uniform thixotropic suspension was obtained.
Three hundred grams of powdered CdO containing 5% by weight of powdered nickel was added to 300 cc. of said suspension and a slurry was formed. The slurry was placed between 2 layers of carrier paper (Aldex paper) and passed under an oscillating doctor blade to form long strips of electrode material. The strips so formed are air dried at room temperature and the electrode plates of the appropriate size are cut therefrom. The electrode plates are then pressed at a pressure of from about 2-15 tons per in. to a density of about 20 to 50% (as Cd) of the theoretical density of metallic cadmium. The thickness of the plates were of the order of from to mils.
To complete the electrode, a section of expanded silver grid material was cut to the size of the electrode plate. A silver tab was then welded or otherwise secured to a corner of the grid. The gridnow formed was then sandwiched between two electrode plates, prepared as described above, and the Whole assembly was pressed together in a press with sufiicient pressure so as to form a unitary structure.
- Example 5 The procedure of Example 1 was followed excepting that silver oxide powder was used in place of cadmium oxide.
Example 6 The procedure of Example 1 was followed excepting that zinc oxide powder was utilized in place of the cadmium oxide powder.
The electrodes made by Examples 1 to 6 can be used in any of the appropriate silver-cadmium, nickel-cadmium or silver-Zinc batteries disclosed in the prior art. Electrodes made by Examples 1 and 4 have, for example, been used in the construction of the batteries disclosed in Patent No. 2,994,729. They were employed in place of the cadmium electrodes disclosed in said patent. The positive electrodes utilized were sintered silver electrodes which are well known to those skilled in the art (see US. Patent No. 2,818,462), with or Without an imbedded metallic grid, the silver in the charged state being in the form of silver oxide and or silver peroxide.
4 The electrolyte utilized was a 30% to 50% aqueous solution of KOH and preferably 40% aqueous KOH. The separator system used is the same shown in said patent, namely a U wrap of asemipermeable material such as cellophane, polyvinyl alcohol. The separator system may also contain an ion exchanged.
Whereas the invention has been described wit-h reference to specific forms thereof, it will be understood that many changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of this invention.
What is claimed is: ll. A method of making a composite electrode for a galvanic electrical generator, co-mprising the steps of:
(a) forming a viscous mixture of an electrochemically active comminuted-material, a resinous binder, and between substantially 0.1 and 5% of said material, by weight, of randomly dispersed reinforcing fibers; (b) shaping and pressing said mixture at room temperature into mechanically strong, stable, thin plates; and (c) sandwiching a conductive grid provided with an electrode terminal between two of said plates to form an electrode assembly and then pressing the said assembly into a unitary composite electrode. 2. A method of making an composite electrode for a galvanic electrical generator, comprising the steps of:
(a) forming a viscous mixture of an electrochemically active comminuted material selected from the group consisting of cadmium oxide, zinc oxide and silver oxide, between substantially 0.1 and 5% by weight of said material of a resinous binder selected from the group consisting of ca-rboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol, and between substantially 0.1 and 5% of said material, by weight, of randomly dispersed reinforcing fibers; (b) drying said mixture; (c) shaping and pressing said mixture at room temperature into mechanically strong, stable, thin plates; and (d) sandwiching a conductive grid provided with an electrode terminal between two of said plates to form an electrode assembly and then pressing the said assembly into a unitary composite electrode. 3. The method as defined in claim 2 wherein said fibers are cellulosic.
4. The method as defined in claim 3 wherein said fibers are rayon.
5. The method as defined in claim 3 wherein said fibers are composed of silver cellulose.
References (Iited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,640,862 6/1953 Chubb 136-67 2,902,530 9/1959 Eisen 136-120 2,977,401 3/1961 Marsal et al 136-120 3,009,979 11/1961 Corren et al 136-67 3,013,099 12/1961 Mendelsohn 136-146 3,060,254 10/1962 Urry 136-67 JOHN H. MACK, Primary Examiner.
W. VAN SISE, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF MAKING A COMPOSITE ELECTRODE FOR A GALVANIC ELECTRICAL GENERATOR, COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: (A) FORMING A VISCOUS MIXTURE OF AN ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE COMMUNICATED MATERIAL, A RESINOUS BINDER, AND BETWEEN SUBSTANTIALLY 0.1 AND 5% OF SAID MATERIAL, BY WEIGHT, OF RANDOMLY DISPERSED REINFORCING FIBERS; (B) SHAPING AND PRESSING SAID MIXTURE AT ROOM TEMPREACTURE INTO MECHANICALLY STRONG, STABLE, THIN PLATES; AND (C) SANDWICHING A CONDUCTIVE GRID PROVIDED WITH AN ELECTRODE TERMINAL BETWEEN TWO OF SAID PLATES TO FORM AND ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND THEN PRESSING THE SAID ASSEMBLY INTO A UNITAR COMPOSITE ELECTRODE.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US213103A US3271195A (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1962-07-30 | Electrodes and methods of making same |
ES0289467A ES289467A1 (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1963-06-27 | Electrodes and methods of making same |
DE19631496358 DE1496358B2 (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1963-07-03 | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN ELECTRODE FOR ACCUMULATORS THAT CONSISTS OF FINE DISTRIBUTION WITH REINFORCING FILLS THROUGH ACTIVE MASS |
SE7462/63A SE311679B (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1963-07-05 | |
GB29803/63A GB1056345A (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1963-07-26 | Improvements in or relating to electrodes for electric cells or batteries |
FR942961A FR1365694A (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1963-07-29 | Improvements to electrodes for electrochemical devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US213103A US3271195A (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1962-07-30 | Electrodes and methods of making same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3271195A true US3271195A (en) | 1966-09-06 |
Family
ID=22793735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US213103A Expired - Lifetime US3271195A (en) | 1962-07-30 | 1962-07-30 | Electrodes and methods of making same |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3271195A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1496358B2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES289467A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1056345A (en) |
SE (1) | SE311679B (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3508967A (en) * | 1967-09-22 | 1970-04-28 | Gulton Ind Inc | Negative lithium electrode and electrochemical battery containing the same |
US3702019A (en) * | 1971-04-13 | 1972-11-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making diffusion bonded battery plaques |
DE2354992A1 (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1974-05-16 | Comp Generale Electricite | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRODES FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR |
US3877983A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1975-04-15 | Du Pont | Thin film polymer-bonded cathode |
US4039730A (en) * | 1975-03-07 | 1977-08-02 | Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Storage battery electrode tubes and method of filling |
US4068044A (en) * | 1971-11-18 | 1978-01-10 | Energy Development Associates | Method for mechanically recharging, refueling a metal halide energy system |
US4216045A (en) * | 1977-05-18 | 1980-08-05 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Process for preparation of electrode for alkaline battery |
EP0028879A2 (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1981-05-20 | General Motors Corporation | Zinc electrodes for nickel-zinc accumulators |
US4339512A (en) * | 1980-03-19 | 1982-07-13 | General Motors Corporation | Battery having electrode with hydrophilic polymer binder |
US4367188A (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1983-01-04 | Chloride Group Public Limited Company | Electric storage batteries |
US4710335A (en) * | 1984-06-13 | 1987-12-01 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Method of producing electric cell anode using powdery active material |
US20070132143A1 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-14 | Gerd Fehrmann | Method and device for producing electrodes for batteries |
US9865880B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2018-01-09 | Bae Systems Plc | Component including a rechargeable battery |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2640862A (en) * | 1949-08-10 | 1953-06-02 | Eagle Picher Co | Battery pigment |
US2902530A (en) * | 1955-10-12 | 1959-09-01 | Bjorksten Res Lab Inc | Battery constituents |
US2977401A (en) * | 1957-10-09 | 1961-03-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Cathodes |
US3009979A (en) * | 1959-02-09 | 1961-11-21 | Sidney A Corren | Positive electrode |
US3013099A (en) * | 1952-05-02 | 1961-12-12 | Yardney International Corp | Separator for electric batteries |
US3060254A (en) * | 1959-08-03 | 1962-10-23 | Union Carbide Corp | Bonded electrodes |
-
1962
- 1962-07-30 US US213103A patent/US3271195A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1963
- 1963-06-27 ES ES0289467A patent/ES289467A1/en not_active Expired
- 1963-07-03 DE DE19631496358 patent/DE1496358B2/en active Pending
- 1963-07-05 SE SE7462/63A patent/SE311679B/xx unknown
- 1963-07-26 GB GB29803/63A patent/GB1056345A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2640862A (en) * | 1949-08-10 | 1953-06-02 | Eagle Picher Co | Battery pigment |
US3013099A (en) * | 1952-05-02 | 1961-12-12 | Yardney International Corp | Separator for electric batteries |
US2902530A (en) * | 1955-10-12 | 1959-09-01 | Bjorksten Res Lab Inc | Battery constituents |
US2977401A (en) * | 1957-10-09 | 1961-03-28 | Union Carbide Corp | Cathodes |
US3009979A (en) * | 1959-02-09 | 1961-11-21 | Sidney A Corren | Positive electrode |
US3060254A (en) * | 1959-08-03 | 1962-10-23 | Union Carbide Corp | Bonded electrodes |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3508967A (en) * | 1967-09-22 | 1970-04-28 | Gulton Ind Inc | Negative lithium electrode and electrochemical battery containing the same |
US3702019A (en) * | 1971-04-13 | 1972-11-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making diffusion bonded battery plaques |
US4068044A (en) * | 1971-11-18 | 1978-01-10 | Energy Development Associates | Method for mechanically recharging, refueling a metal halide energy system |
DE2354992A1 (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1974-05-16 | Comp Generale Electricite | METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRODES FOR AN ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR |
US3877983A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1975-04-15 | Du Pont | Thin film polymer-bonded cathode |
US4039730A (en) * | 1975-03-07 | 1977-08-02 | Varta Batterie Aktiengesellschaft | Storage battery electrode tubes and method of filling |
US4216045A (en) * | 1977-05-18 | 1980-08-05 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Process for preparation of electrode for alkaline battery |
US4367188A (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1983-01-04 | Chloride Group Public Limited Company | Electric storage batteries |
EP0028879A2 (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1981-05-20 | General Motors Corporation | Zinc electrodes for nickel-zinc accumulators |
EP0028879A3 (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1981-05-27 | General Motors Corporation | Zinc electrodes for nickel-zinc accumulators |
US4339512A (en) * | 1980-03-19 | 1982-07-13 | General Motors Corporation | Battery having electrode with hydrophilic polymer binder |
US4710335A (en) * | 1984-06-13 | 1987-12-01 | Central Glass Company, Limited | Method of producing electric cell anode using powdery active material |
US20070132143A1 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-14 | Gerd Fehrmann | Method and device for producing electrodes for batteries |
US7758782B2 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2010-07-20 | Biotronik Crm Patent Ag | Method and device for producing electrodes for batteries |
US9865880B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2018-01-09 | Bae Systems Plc | Component including a rechargeable battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1056345A (en) | 1967-01-25 |
ES289467A1 (en) | 1963-12-16 |
DE1496358A1 (en) | 1969-05-14 |
DE1496358B2 (en) | 1971-08-19 |
SE311679B (en) | 1969-06-23 |
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