US323088A - Dynamite - Google Patents
Dynamite Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US323088A US323088A US323088DA US323088A US 323088 A US323088 A US 323088A US 323088D A US323088D A US 323088DA US 323088 A US323088 A US 323088A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nitro
- absorbent
- explosive
- glycerine
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 28
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 22
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002939 deleterious Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004072 Lung Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C06B31/12—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/20—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitroglycerine
Definitions
- High-grade blasting compounds have been made by the absorption of nitro-glycerine in non-explosive substances by which comparative safety has been obtained at a sacrifice of strength and the distribution of undecomposed mineral substances in the atmosphere, and a mixture of oxidizing salts with wood fiber has been used as an absorbent of nitro-glycerine by which the loss of strength is partly obviated; but the necessary excess of wood fiber required in such compounds to absorb and retain ahigh percentage of the nitro-glycerinc produces very deleterious gases when ex-- ploded.
- gunpowder has been used as an absorbent of nitro-glycerine, and nitro-glyccrine has also been mixed with the component parts of gun'powdersuch as nitrate of soda, charcoal, and sulphur-and also with wood fiber and nitrate of soda as the absorbent; but the carbonaceous substances heretofore known and used for this purpose are not as good absorbents of the nitro-glycerinc as the int'usorial earth or non-explosive ones, and in consequence there is an excess of carbon in compounds where wood fiber and tubular cavities, and I have discovered that when properly prepared its absorbent qualities are equal to those of infusoria-l earth, while its'chemical composition being different, it is entirely and readily decomposed on explosion without the resulting deleterious gases which are given off when other carbonaceous absorbcuts are used, or theresiduum of undecomposed' particles which occur when infusorial earth is used
- the peat is first thoroughly dried and then ground to a fine powder. ⁇ Vith this substance I mix the ordinary oxidizing salts--sueh as nitrate .of soda-in the desired proportions, and then add the required percentage of nitro-glycerine. To this may be added a small percentage of the alkali, ca-lcic hydrate.
- the following mixture produces a very effective explosive compound: Ground peat, twelve per cent.; nitrate of soda, thirty-six per cent. nitro-glycerine,fiftyvpercent. calcic hydrate, two per cent. These proportions may be varied, and many other oxidizing salts and alkalis having the properties of those I mention may be used in this compound; and a good result may be obtained without the use of calcic hydrate, as the very large percentage of nitro-glycerine which peat is capable of ab;
- sorbing without leaking renders only a small percentage of it necessary in the compound, while a corresponding large percentage of the oxidizing agent can be used, thus furnishing sufficient oxygen to combine with the carbon contained in the absorbent when explosion takes place.
- the calcic hydrate prevents acid reaction in the compound, but it may be omitted without materially affecting the results 0btained on the explosion when peat is used as the absorbent.
- the gases produced by the explosion of my compound are less injurious to health than those produced by any other high explosives which contain a large percentage of nitro-glycerine, and in which a large percentage of wood fiber or other absorbent containing carbon is used, while the sacrifice of strength consequent upon the use of an inert substance is avoided.
- each ingredient adds to its explosive force.
- calcic hydrate in explosive compounds composed of nitro-glycerine and carbonaceous absorbents produces an improved explosive compound whether or not the preby me is used, as the nitrate of soda, and the V6g6.
- An explosive compound composed of ni- 25 trolvcerine, nitrate of soda, together V7111? Zi'biin feat and calcic Hydrate, in the proportions sii stantially a s Hes cribed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICEQ ROBERT IV. \VARREN, OF HOUGHTON, MICHIGAN.
DYNAMITE.
:GJFEOIFICATIOBT forming part of Letters Patent No. 323,088, dated July 28, 1885.
Application filed February 24, 1885. (No specimens.)
To (LZZ whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, ROBERT IV. \VARREN, of Houghton, in the county of Houghton and State of Michigan, have made certain new and useful improvements in explosive compounds and the manufacture thereof not heretofore known or used; and I do hereby declare the following specification to be a full and clear description of the same.
In the use of high explosives in confined places-such as deep shafts, close drifts, and tunnelsgreat inconvenience is experienced from the noxious fumes and other results after explosion of a compound containing a large f gmercentage of nitro-gl-ycerine and-an-absorbent.
High-grade blasting compounds have been made by the absorption of nitro-glycerine in non-explosive substances by which comparative safety has been obtained at a sacrifice of strength and the distribution of undecomposed mineral substances in the atmosphere, and a mixture of oxidizing salts with wood fiber has been used as an absorbent of nitro-glycerine by which the loss of strength is partly obviated; but the necessary excess of wood fiber required in such compounds to absorb and retain ahigh percentage of the nitro-glycerinc produces very deleterious gases when ex-- ploded. Thus I have found in practice that in the use of infusorial earth and other similar non-explosive substances as absorbents of nitro-glycerine to make explosive'com'pounds such absorbent-s are not decomposed on explosion, but are distributed in atoms through the atmosphere, causingserious injury to the lungs of those who breathe the air thus charged. In order to overcome this difliculty, and also to increase the explosive force, gunpowder has been used as an absorbent of nitro-glycerine, and nitro-glyccrine has also been mixed with the component parts of gun'powdersuch as nitrate of soda, charcoal, and sulphur-and also with wood fiber and nitrate of soda as the absorbent; but the carbonaceous substances heretofore known and used for this purpose are not as good absorbents of the nitro-glycerinc as the int'usorial earth or non-explosive ones, and in consequence there is an excess of carbon in compounds where wood fiber and tubular cavities, and I have discovered that when properly prepared its absorbent qualities are equal to those of infusoria-l earth, while its'chemical composition being different, it is entirely and readily decomposed on explosion without the resulting deleterious gases which are given off when other carbonaceous absorbcuts are used, or theresiduum of undecomposed' particles which occur when infusorial earth is used as an absorbent. The peat is first thoroughly dried and then ground to a fine powder. \Vith this substance I mix the ordinary oxidizing salts--sueh as nitrate .of soda-in the desired proportions, and then add the required percentage of nitro-glycerine. To this may be added a small percentage of the alkali, ca-lcic hydrate.
The following mixture produces a very effective explosive compound: Ground peat, twelve per cent.; nitrate of soda, thirty-six per cent. nitro-glycerine,fiftyvpercent. calcic hydrate, two per cent. These proportions may be varied, and many other oxidizing salts and alkalis having the properties of those I mention may be used in this compound; and a good result may be obtained without the use of calcic hydrate, as the very large percentage of nitro-glycerine which peat is capable of ab;
sorbing without leaking renders only a small percentage of it necessary in the compound, while a corresponding large percentage of the oxidizing agent can be used, thus furnishing sufficient oxygen to combine with the carbon contained in the absorbent when explosion takes place. The calcic hydrate prevents acid reaction in the compound, but it may be omitted without materially affecting the results 0btained on the explosion when peat is used as the absorbent. The gases produced by the explosion of my compound are less injurious to health than those produced by any other high explosives which contain a large percentage of nitro-glycerine, and in which a large percentage of wood fiber or other absorbent containing carbon is used, while the sacrifice of strength consequent upon the use of an inert substance is avoided.
In this compound each ingredient adds to its explosive force.
The use of calcic hydrate in explosive compounds composed of nitro-glycerine and carbonaceous absorbents produces an improved explosive compound whether or not the preby me is used, as the nitrate of soda, and the V6g6. I
2. An explosive compound composed of ni- 25 trolvcerine, nitrate of soda, together V7111? Zi'biin feat and calcic Hydrate, in the proportions sii stantially a s Hes cribed.
' It. XV. WARREN.
\Vitnesses: Y
A. BELL MALcoMsoN, J r., J NO. CHAS. YATES.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US323088A true US323088A (en) | 1885-07-28 |
Family
ID=2392221
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US323088D Expired - Lifetime US323088A (en) | Dynamite |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US323088A (en) |
-
0
- US US323088D patent/US323088A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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