US3194655A - Process for making a copper-chromiumzirconium alloy - Google Patents

Process for making a copper-chromiumzirconium alloy Download PDF

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US3194655A
US3194655A US127477A US12747761A US3194655A US 3194655 A US3194655 A US 3194655A US 127477 A US127477 A US 127477A US 12747761 A US12747761 A US 12747761A US 3194655 A US3194655 A US 3194655A
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zirconium
copper
alloy
chromium
melt
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US127477A
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Alan R Pels
Herman F Petsch
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Millennium Petrochemicals Inc
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National Destillers and Chemical Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper

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  • the object is to provide such an alloy with its components proportioned to provide the maximum possible degree of high electrical conductivity, resistance to undue softening when working at high service temperatures, such as in the vicinity of 400 C., and high notch strength or toughness.
  • the above properties are desirable when the alloy is used to make commutator segments for electric motor armatures which must operate at high rotative speeds and high temperatures. They are also desirable when the alloy is used for brazing or welding in the case of work which in service must conduct electricity while mechanically stressed under high temperatures. The desirable properties of the new alloy make its use advisable whenever these properties are an advantage.
  • the object stated hereinabove is attained by an alloy consisting, by weight, of from .60 to .90% pure chromium, .40 to .60% pure zirconium and withlthe balance pure copper.
  • the alloy is free from oxygen in any form. For use it is solution heat treated and quenched, and then ordinarily it is cold worked and aged. Such processing may be varied.
  • the components are pure to the degree that this is now commercially possible, and the alloy is free from other components excepting possible traces.
  • the chromium content cannot be less than the zirconium content.
  • the zirconium must be present in metallic form as contrasted to zirconia resulting from the use of zirconium for the purpose of de-oxidizing a copperchromium alloy. The best possible results are believed to be obtained with an alloy consisting of .75% pure chromium and .50% pure zirconium, the balance of course being pure copper and the alloy being oxygen free.
  • any oxygen present in the copper prior to the addition of this alloying component should be removed by de-oxidation. Casting of the melt should be done so as to avoid an oxygen pick-up.
  • the new alloy has been made in the following manner:
  • the copper may be cathodic copper, OFHC copper or tough pitch copper, all of which are substantially pure.
  • the copper is melted down while protected from oxygen, as by being kept under a cover of charcoal floating on its surface. Its temperature is brought to about 1100 C. and it is then de-oxidized by adding small amounts of any suitable commercial de-oxidizer that would ordinarily'be used to scavenge oxygen from copper. A calcium-lithium type is suitable. The temperature is then raised to about 1500 C., when the copper is again de-oxidized. Throughout this procedure good metallurgical techniques are used to obtain an oxygen free copper that is free from everything except possibly traces of the de-oxidizer or de-oxidizers used.
  • the selected amount of chromium is added.
  • This may be in the form of pure chromium powder wrapped in pure copper foil.
  • Commercial copper-chromium master alloy may also be used, containing from 5 to 10% chromium with the balance copper. This addition is made through the charcoal cover.
  • the melt is held at about 1500 C. long enough to make certain that the chromium is completely dissolved in the copper, this high temperature having the advantage of reducing the solution time.
  • the melt is permitted to cool to about 1300 C., this temperature being high enough to provide rapid solution of the zirconium and is of value in reducing the zirconium loss due to possible small amounts of oxygen which may be present in the melt in spite of the precautions used to avoid this.
  • the selected amount of pure zirconium is added at this time. This may be in the form of copper-zirconium master alloy containing about 33% zirconium with the balance copper.
  • the melt is poured just as soon as the zirconium goes completely into solution. It is possible t top pour the melt while holding the charcoal cover back.
  • the casting is extruded at temperatures of about 930 C. This temperature is used not only to permit extrusion without using excessive extrusion force, but also because it assures keeping the chromium and zirconium in complete solution with the copper. Instead of extrusion, hot rolling or forging is also possible. After such working the alloy is air cooled.
  • the casting is extruded to a rectangular shape that is 2" wide and .50" thick. It is air cooled after extrusion largely as a matter of convenience. Thereafter it is solution heat treated by being heated to about 950 C. for about 1 /2 hours. The shape is actually in the necessary furnace somewhat longer, the 1 /2 hours time period being while the metal is actually at 950C. At the end of the described time period the metal is quenched in water to keep.
  • the extruded shape' is thencold rolled to .25" thickness, its 2" width remaining the same. It is thereafter given a treatment corresponding to that already describ d and after that the shape is further cold rolled to .100" thick, its width again remaining at 2". Then to make absolutely certain that the chromium and zirconium are in solution, the .100" thick material is solution heat treated ing the material is aged by heating itto 1 hour, at temperatures ranging from 450 C. to 600 C.
  • a specific example of the results achieved is as follows: The specimen had a composition of .60% chromium, .45 zirconium and the balance copper.
  • the chromium and zirconium were present in pure metallic form and the alloy contained no appreciable or easily measurable amount of oxygen in any form. It was substantially free from anything other than specified, with the understanding that the balance was, of course, pure copper. In this instance the material was rolled to the .04" thickness from which /2" wide specimens were cut.
  • Elevatedtemperature tensile testing of the B specimen showed at 450 C. a tensile strength of 53,500 p.s.i.
  • one of the B specimens was cut to a .700" width and had 60 degree V-notches formed in its edges reducing its width at the roots of the two notches to .500".
  • This notched B specimen when tested at 450 C. showed a tensile strength of 56,600 p.s.i.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by the compositional balance described in conjunction with the use of good practices assuring that the resulting alloy isfree from 4L oxygen-and other than mere traces of de-oxidizers and the like whic'rrare unavoidable.
  • the tensile properties drop to a substantial degree thus indicating undue softness when the alloy is in service at such high temperatures.
  • the new alloy may be handled generally in the manner of the old copper-chromium and copperzirconium alloys, with theresulting new material avoiding the disadvantages of both of these old alloys.
  • the new material will be solution heat treated, to assure the condition of complete solution of its components, and it would ordinarily be cold worked to temper it somewhat and then, by the meet heat and time, aged toenhahce its physical and electrical properties to the optimum degree.
  • a process for making a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy comprising forming a melt of substantially pure oxygen freecopper protected from oxygen, while maintaining said melt so protected and at a'high temperature completely dissolving therein from .60 to .90% chromium, thereafter while so protected lowering the temperature of said melt to a temperature causing rapid :solution of zirconium therewith without excessive zirconium loss and dissolving therein from .40%, to'. 60% zirconium and I with complete solution thereof promptly processing the alloy melt to form a casting.
  • a processfor making a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy comprising forming a melt of substantially pure oxygen free copper protected from oxygen, while maintaining said melt so protected and at a high temperature completely dissolving therein from .60 to .90% chromium, thereafter while so protected lowering the temperature of said melt to a temperature causing rapid solution of zirconium therewith without excessive zirconium loss and dissolving therein from .40% to .60%' zirconium and with complete solutionthereof promptly processing the alloy melt to form a casting, and thereafter reducing said casting to the shape and dimensions desired and solution heat treating this shape.
  • a process formaking a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy comprising forming .a melt of substantially pure oxygen free copper protectedfrom oxygen, while maintaining said melt so. protected and at a hightemperature completely dissolving therein from .60 to 30% chromium, thereafter while so protected lowering the temperature of said melt to a temperature causing rapid solution of zirconium therewith without excessive zirconium loss and dissolving therein from .40% to .60% zirconium and with complete solution thereof promptly processing the alloy melt to form a casting, and thereafter reducing said casting to the shape and dimensions desired and solution heat 5 treating this shape and thereafter cold Working and ageing the shape.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,194,655 PROCESS FOR MAKING A (IQPPER-CHROMIUM- ZIRCONIUM ALLOY Alan R. Pels, Stamford, and Herman F. Petsch, Newtown, Conn, assignors to National Distillers and Chemical Corporation, Richmond, Va., a corporation of Virginia No Drawing. Fiied July 28, 1961, Ser. No. 127,477 3 Claims. (Cl. 75-435) This invention relates to copper-chromium-zirconium alloys.
' The object is to provide such an alloy with its components proportioned to provide the maximum possible degree of high electrical conductivity, resistance to undue softening when working at high service temperatures, such as in the vicinity of 400 C., and high notch strength or toughness.
The above properties are desirable when the alloy is used to make commutator segments for electric motor armatures which must operate at high rotative speeds and high temperatures. They are also desirable when the alloy is used for brazing or welding in the case of work which in service must conduct electricity while mechanically stressed under high temperatures. The desirable properties of the new alloy make its use advisable whenever these properties are an advantage.
The prior art has suggested in general terms the addition of zirconium to copper-chromium alloys. However, this has been insufiicient to teach the art enough to permit the production of an alloy suitable for commercialization. Commercially there are only the copper-zirconium and copper-chromium alloys available for use as electric conductors operating under high stress at elevated temperatures and comparable service. The former is lacking in strength, while the copperchromium alloy lacks notch toughness and resistance to undue softening at high tem peratures.
According to the present invention the object stated hereinabove is attained by an alloy consisting, by weight, of from .60 to .90% pure chromium, .40 to .60% pure zirconium and withlthe balance pure copper. Insofar as is commercially possible, the alloy is free from oxygen in any form. For use it is solution heat treated and quenched, and then ordinarily it is cold worked and aged. Such processing may be varied. The components are pure to the degree that this is now commercially possible, and the alloy is free from other components excepting possible traces.
Within the above compositional ranges, it follows that the chromium content cannot be less than the zirconium content. Furthermore, the zirconium must be present in metallic form as contrasted to zirconia resulting from the use of zirconium for the purpose of de-oxidizing a copperchromium alloy. The best possible results are believed to be obtained with an alloy consisting of .75% pure chromium and .50% pure zirconium, the balance of course being pure copper and the alloy being oxygen free.
To make certain that the zirconium is present in its metallic form, any oxygen present in the copper prior to the addition of this alloying component should be removed by de-oxidation. Casting of the melt should be done so as to avoid an oxygen pick-up.
The new alloy has been made in the following manner:
The copper may be cathodic copper, OFHC copper or tough pitch copper, all of which are substantially pure. The copper is melted down while protected from oxygen, as by being kept under a cover of charcoal floating on its surface. Its temperature is brought to about 1100 C. and it is then de-oxidized by adding small amounts of any suitable commercial de-oxidizer that would ordinarily'be used to scavenge oxygen from copper. A calcium-lithium type is suitable. The temperature is then raised to about 1500 C., when the copper is again de-oxidized. Throughout this procedure good metallurgical techniques are used to obtain an oxygen free copper that is free from everything except possibly traces of the de-oxidizer or de-oxidizers used.
With the copper at about 1500 C., the selected amount of chromium is added. This may be in the form of pure chromium powder wrapped in pure copper foil. Commercial copper-chromium master alloy may also be used, containing from 5 to 10% chromium with the balance copper. This addition is made through the charcoal cover. The melt is held at about 1500 C. long enough to make certain that the chromium is completely dissolved in the copper, this high temperature having the advantage of reducing the solution time.
Next the melt is permitted to cool to about 1300 C., this temperature being high enough to provide rapid solution of the zirconium and is of value in reducing the zirconium loss due to possible small amounts of oxygen which may be present in the melt in spite of the precautions used to avoid this. The selected amount of pure zirconium is added at this time. This may be in the form of copper-zirconium master alloy containing about 33% zirconium with the balance copper. Again for the purpose of making as certain as possible that zirconium loss is avoided, the melt is poured just as soon as the zirconium goes completely into solution. It is possible t top pour the melt while holding the charcoal cover back.
It is believed to be preferable to protect the melt against oxygen while pouring. However, it has been f und that if the pouring time is short, and the pouring stream is kept solid, as contrasted to spraying, such protection is not mandatory. The cast metal may be permitted to solidify without requiring any particular protection from oxygen since the top surface exposed to the atmosphere is ordinarily of relatively small area. In any event, any oxygen picked up by the top of the casting is localized and does not affect the balance of the casting.
After solidification the casting is extruded at temperatures of about 930 C. This temperature is used not only to permit extrusion without using excessive extrusion force, but also because it assures keeping the chromium and zirconium in complete solution with the copper. Instead of extrusion, hot rolling or forging is also possible. After such working the alloy is air cooled.
In the actual Working of the present invention the casting is extruded to a rectangular shape that is 2" wide and .50" thick. It is air cooled after extrusion largely as a matter of convenience. Thereafter it is solution heat treated by being heated to about 950 C. for about 1 /2 hours. The shape is actually in the necessary furnace somewhat longer, the 1 /2 hours time period being while the metal is actually at 950C. At the end of the described time period the metal is quenched in water to keep.
the chromium and zirconium in solution with the copper.
components might come out of solution.
as The extruded shape'is thencold rolled to .25" thickness, its 2" width remaining the same. It is thereafter given a treatment corresponding to that already describ d and after that the shape is further cold rolled to .100" thick, its width again remaining at 2". Then to make absolutely certain that the chromium and zirconium are in solution, the .100" thick material is solution heat treated ing the material is aged by heating itto 1 hour, at temperatures ranging from 450 C. to 600 C. A specific example of the results achieved is as follows: The specimen had a composition of .60% chromium, .45 zirconium and the balance copper. The chromium and zirconium were present in pure metallic form and the alloy contained no appreciable or easily measurable amount of oxygen in any form. It was substantially free from anything other than specified, with the understanding that the balance was, of course, pure copper. In this instance the material was rolled to the .04" thickness from which /2" wide specimens were cut.
7 These specimens were given varying ageing heat treatments so that they'broke down into the following categories:
A-As cold rolled only BAs cold rolled only and aged for 1 hour at 450 C. C--As cold rolled only and aged for 1 hour at 600 C.
These three specimens showed the following conductivities:
A=35.5 B=73.6 C =81.2
ageing treatment and result in softness at both room and high temperatures. With this in mind the following hardness values were obtained:
ARockwell B 82.0
B-Rockwell B 84.0 C-Rockwell B 76.0
Tensile testing at room temperature produce the following values:
A--61,700 p.s.i. lit-76,000 p.s.i. C61,350 p.s.i'
Elevatedtemperature tensile testing of the B specimen showed at 450 C. a tensile strength of 53,500 p.s.i.
In addition to the above, one of the B specimens was cut to a .700" width and had 60 degree V-notches formed in its edges reducing its width at the roots of the two notches to .500". This notched B specimen when tested at 450 C. showed a tensile strength of 56,600 p.s.i.
Two C specimens were also tensile tested at 450 C., one being unnotched and the other notched as just described in the case of the Bspecimen. In this instance the unnotched specimen showed a tensile strength of 40,900 p.s.i. and the notched specimen showed 45,250
p.s.i.
It can be appreciated from theforegoing that the object of the invention is achieved by the compositional balance described in conjunction with the use of good practices assuring that the resulting alloy isfree from 4L oxygen-and other than mere traces of de-oxidizers and the like whic'rrare unavoidable.
It is necessary to keep the composition within the ranges specified. It the chromium is permitted to drop below the .60% minimum the mechanical properties reduce without a proportionate gain in electrical conductivity. Chromium above .90% causes an excessive loss in electrical conductivity without a proportionate gain in mechanical properties. If the zirconium dropsbelow the .40% minimum or goes above.60% the resistance to high temperatures suffers. V
Finally, if the chromium content is reduced'to less than the zirconium content, then at high temperatures,
, such as around .400 C. or higher, the tensile properties drop to a substantial degree thus indicating undue softness when the alloy is in service at such high temperatures.
Although the alloying, heat treatment, and other processing have been described in some detail, itis believed possible to vary these somewhat. It is necessary, neglecting traces of de-oxidizers, etc.', to obtain an alloyconsisting only of from .60 to '.90% chromium,".40 to .60% zirconium, balance copper. Oxygen is avoidedas much as possible keeping in mind that the zirconium inparticular has a great tendency to combine with oxygen. The new alloy requires that the zirconium, and the chromium also, be in metallic form and thoroughly in solution with the copper. If these precautions are observed, it is be lieved that the new alloy may be handled generally in the manner of the old copper-chromium and copperzirconium alloys, with theresulting new material avoiding the disadvantages of both of these old alloys. Ordinarily, the new material will be solution heat treated, to assure the condition of complete solution of its components, and it would ordinarily be cold worked to temper it somewhat and then, by the meet heat and time, aged toenhahce its physical and electrical properties to the optimum degree.
We claim:
1. A process for making a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, comprising forming a melt of substantially pure oxygen freecopper protected from oxygen, while maintaining said melt so protected and at a'high temperature completely dissolving therein from .60 to .90% chromium, thereafter while so protected lowering the temperature of said melt to a temperature causing rapid :solution of zirconium therewith without excessive zirconium loss and dissolving therein from .40%, to'. 60% zirconium and I with complete solution thereof promptly processing the alloy melt to form a casting.
2. A processfor making a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, comprising forming a melt of substantially pure oxygen free copper protected from oxygen, while maintaining said melt so protected and at a high temperature completely dissolving therein from .60 to .90% chromium, thereafter while so protected lowering the temperature of said melt to a temperature causing rapid solution of zirconium therewith without excessive zirconium loss and dissolving therein from .40% to .60%' zirconium and with complete solutionthereof promptly processing the alloy melt to form a casting, and thereafter reducing said casting to the shape and dimensions desired and solution heat treating this shape. l
3. A process formaking a copper-chromium-zirconium alloy, comprising forming .a melt of substantially pure oxygen free copper protectedfrom oxygen, while maintaining said melt so. protected and at a hightemperature completely dissolving therein from .60 to 30% chromium, thereafter while so protected lowering the temperature of said melt to a temperature causing rapid solution of zirconium therewith without excessive zirconium loss and dissolving therein from .40% to .60% zirconium and with complete solution thereof promptly processing the alloy melt to form a casting, and thereafter reducing said casting to the shape and dimensions desired and solution heat 5 treating this shape and thereafter cold Working and ageing the shape.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 724,524 4/03 Tilden 75-435 2,025,662 12/35 Hansel et a1. 75-153 2,066,512 1/37 Archer 75153 2,254,944 9/41 Hensel et a1. 75--153 6 OTHER REFERENCES DAVID L. RECK, Primary Examiner.
RAY K. WINDHAM, ROGER L. CAMPBELL,
Examiners.

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS FOR MAKING A COPPER-CHROMIUM-ZIRCONIUM ALLOY, COMPISING FORMING A MELT OF SUBSTANTIALLY PURE OXYGEN FREE COPPER PROTECTED FROM OXYGEN, WHILE MAINTAINING SAID MELT SO PROTECTED AND AT A HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPLETELY DISSOLVING THEREIN FROM .60 TO .60% CHROMIUM, THEREAFTER WHILE SO PROTECTED LOWERING THE TEMPERATURE OF SAID MELT TO A TEMPERATURE CAUSING RAPID SOLUTION OF ZIRCONIUM THEREWITH WITHOUT EXCESSIVE ZIRCONIUM LOSS AND DISSOLVING THEREIN FROM .40% TO .60% ZIRCONIUM AND WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION THEREOF PROMPTLY PROCESSING THE ALLOY METAL TO FORM A CASTING.
US127477A 1961-07-28 1961-07-28 Process for making a copper-chromiumzirconium alloy Expired - Lifetime US3194655A (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323911A (en) * 1963-02-15 1967-06-06 Inoue Kiyoshi Wear- and heat-resistant materials
US3330653A (en) * 1965-02-12 1967-07-11 American Metal Climax Inc Copper-zirconium-vanadium alloys
US3357824A (en) * 1965-07-06 1967-12-12 Calumet & Hecla Copper alloy
US4047980A (en) * 1976-10-04 1977-09-13 Olin Corporation Processing chromium-containing precipitation hardenable copper base alloys
US4067750A (en) * 1976-01-28 1978-01-10 Olin Corporation Method of processing copper base alloys
US4224066A (en) * 1979-06-26 1980-09-23 Olin Corporation Copper base alloy and process
US4269624A (en) * 1979-02-05 1981-05-26 Saes Getters S.P.A. Method for the production of non-evaporable ternary gettering alloys
US4451430A (en) * 1979-08-07 1984-05-29 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing copper alloy by melting technique
US5306465A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-04-26 Olin Corporation Copper alloy having high strength and high electrical conductivity
US5370840A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-12-06 Olin Corporation Copper alloy having high strength and high electrical conductivity
US5486244A (en) * 1992-11-04 1996-01-23 Olin Corporation Process for improving the bend formability of copper alloys
WO2010012583A2 (en) 2008-07-29 2010-02-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor having a superconducting rotor winding and an integral sleeve surrounding the rotor winding

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US724524A (en) * 1901-10-31 1903-04-07 John Lovett Process of producing alloys.
US2025662A (en) * 1934-03-08 1935-12-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Copper alloys
US2066512A (en) * 1934-10-17 1937-01-05 Smith Corp A O Alloy
US2254944A (en) * 1934-03-08 1941-09-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Cylinder head

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US724524A (en) * 1901-10-31 1903-04-07 John Lovett Process of producing alloys.
US2025662A (en) * 1934-03-08 1935-12-24 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Copper alloys
US2254944A (en) * 1934-03-08 1941-09-02 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Cylinder head
US2066512A (en) * 1934-10-17 1937-01-05 Smith Corp A O Alloy

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3323911A (en) * 1963-02-15 1967-06-06 Inoue Kiyoshi Wear- and heat-resistant materials
US3330653A (en) * 1965-02-12 1967-07-11 American Metal Climax Inc Copper-zirconium-vanadium alloys
US3357824A (en) * 1965-07-06 1967-12-12 Calumet & Hecla Copper alloy
US4067750A (en) * 1976-01-28 1978-01-10 Olin Corporation Method of processing copper base alloys
US4047980A (en) * 1976-10-04 1977-09-13 Olin Corporation Processing chromium-containing precipitation hardenable copper base alloys
FR2366375A1 (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-04-28 Olin Corp TREATMENT OF TEMPERING ALLOYS BASED ON COPPER CONTAINING CHROME
US4269624A (en) * 1979-02-05 1981-05-26 Saes Getters S.P.A. Method for the production of non-evaporable ternary gettering alloys
US4224066A (en) * 1979-06-26 1980-09-23 Olin Corporation Copper base alloy and process
US4451430A (en) * 1979-08-07 1984-05-29 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of producing copper alloy by melting technique
US5306465A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-04-26 Olin Corporation Copper alloy having high strength and high electrical conductivity
US5370840A (en) * 1992-11-04 1994-12-06 Olin Corporation Copper alloy having high strength and high electrical conductivity
US5486244A (en) * 1992-11-04 1996-01-23 Olin Corporation Process for improving the bend formability of copper alloys
US5601665A (en) * 1992-11-04 1997-02-11 Olin Corporation Process for improving the bend formability of copper alloys
WO2010012583A2 (en) 2008-07-29 2010-02-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor having a superconducting rotor winding and an integral sleeve surrounding the rotor winding
DE102008035275A1 (en) * 2008-07-29 2010-02-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor with superconducting rotor winding and the rotor winding surrounding uniform envelope
WO2010012583A3 (en) * 2008-07-29 2010-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor having a superconducting rotor winding and an integral sleeve surrounding the rotor winding
US20110127874A1 (en) * 2008-07-29 2011-06-02 Michael Frank Rotor having a superconducting rotor winding and an integral sleeve surrounding the rotor winding
CN102113198A (en) * 2008-07-29 2011-06-29 西门子公司 Rotor having a superconducting rotor winding and an integral sleeve surrounding the rotor winding
US8531080B2 (en) * 2008-07-29 2013-09-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotor having a superconducting rotor winding and an integral sleeve surrounding the rotor winding

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