US3191877A - Apparatus for treating paper stocks - Google Patents

Description

June 29, 1965 H. BIDWELL 3,191,877

APPARATUS FOR TREATING PAPER STOCKS Filed March 4, 1963 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. HOWARD BIDWE 'LL M ATTORNEY.

June 29, 1965 Filed March 4, 1963 H. BIDWELL APPARATUS FOR TREATING PAPER STOCKS s Sheets-Sheet 2 /f/ZZX INVENTOR.

HOWARD BIDWELL ATTORNEY.

June 29, 1965 H. BIDWELL 3,191,877

APPARATUS FOR TREATING PAPER STOCKS Filed Harsh 4, 1963 s Sheets-Sheet a A w l INVENTOR.

HOWARD BIDWELL BY @wm?@g ATTORNEY.

United States Patent 3,191,877 APPARATUS FOR TREATING PAPER STOCKS Howard Bidwell, Granby, Mass, assignor of fifty percent to Rachel Bidwell, Granby, Mass. Filed Mar. 4, 1963, Ser. No. 262,663 5 Claims. (Cl. 241-496) This application is a continuation-in-part of my 00- pending application, Serial No. 89,423, filed February 15, 1961.

The present invention relates generally to improved methods and apparatus for processing paper stock by flowing waterborne stock over and against and between spaced granular-surfaced elements for purposes of separating the fibers from the paper stock aggregate and fibrillating the said separated fibers by a combing action of a granular surface or surfaces, and is directed more especial to the inclusion, with methods and means of reinforcing granular rotor bodies employed in such procedures of methods and means of dissipating heat from the rotor body interiors, the objectives inherent in the one being so closely interrelated with the objectives inherent in the other as seeming to justify their recitation conjointly. The stablity of the granular rotor body is dependent not only upon the improved reinforcing means hereof but also upon the improved means for the dissipation of excessive heat.

The processing of the tougher fibers, encountered in the processing of paper stock, over extended or prolonged time periods, is such as to cause a batch to accumulate heat to the point where excessive and objectionable temperature conditions are attained, all leading to detrimental effects on the stock.

The dissipating of heat from the processing-rotor assemblies comprehends ways and means of maintaining a constant stock density or consistency during the entirety of the processing period with a constancy of temperature for any time duration even though the heat dissipating means may be via the route of continuously adding a material to the stock during the whole of the processing time, hence the aforementioned desirability of considering the methods and means of rotor body reinforcement and of heat dissipation within this single disclosure.

Apparatus of the type to which this invention pertains comprehends the use of a rotor member comprising hard and irregular granules bonded together to form a porous granular surfaced body, the working faces of which have been contoured to direct and manipulate the stock, and which are driven at high speeds and under heavy load, and this instant invention is directed to improvements in means for providing more rigid reinforcement to such a rotor body, comprehending novelly-des-igned reinforcing devices serving to function under anticipated tension condi tions so as to allow more rigid resistance to load and other stresses, and for providing simultaneously more effective heat dissipating means for dissipating heat from the internal regions of such a rotor body.

Specifically, the reinforcing devices comprehended are of a gussetted type allowing supplementary bracing means embedded within the cooperant granular mass such as to offer an end structure which will effectuate an improved resistance to flexing and bending forces resultant from the transmittal of the driving force from the supporting and driving member, which supports the rotor body, to the ice rotor body interior. Said reinforcing devices minimizing the opportunity for the fracturing of the granular structure.

It is notorious that rotor bodies of the types and in the uses contemplated are subject, in operation, not only to thermal shock but also to internal working stresses, resultant from the centrifugal forces imposed by the encountered high speeds and heavy loading and forces of impact. These working stresses are intensified and set up in complicated and varying patterns within the rotor bodies, particularly in the cases of deeply contoured rotors. Such shock and stresses produce fractures in the rotor bodies.

It is therefore one salient object of this invention to provide ways and means of strengthening a rotor body, whether of a one-piece or plural pieces construction wherewith the working and driving stresses are more uniform ly distributed .therethrough and are absorbed and/or transmitted to the driving support means.

It is another object hereof to provide means for securely holding and locking in situ any fractured parts and segments of the structural parts of the granular rotor body which may develop through use.

As another object of the instant invention, I provide means for increasing and extend-ing the bonding area for achieving a higher factor of safety in the bonding of the granular structure part to the reinforcing and driving part so as to effectuate increased stability and lower stresses per unit of bonded area.

It is still another object hereof to provide means for improving and increasing the heat dissipating rate from the internal regions of the granular structure rotor assemblies.

It is another object to teach methods and means for introducing supplementary or auxiliary materials, such as cooling fluids, for dissipating heat from the internal regions wherewith to assure the maintaining of a constant stock density, even though an auxiliary coolant such as water is thereby added to the stock being processed.

In connection with the aforementioned parent application, particular reference should be made to the portions of that disclosure wherein is shown and recited a plurality of threaded rodlike reinforcing members which project outwardly from a driving-supporting member. Operational experience therewith has demonstrated that reinforcing members of such form are not necessarily adequate under any and all conditions of use, due, primarily, to the threaded anchorage concept as taught therein, and due secondarily to the fact that degrees of rod movement at the threaded support are experienced with resulant objectionable flexing and springing of the members under operating loads leading to rotor body cracking and fracturi-ng.

It may thus 'be defined as an object of this invention to provide methods and means wherewith the above-itemized weaknesses are overcome, which envision the use of integrally-fabricated and/ or cast gusset reinforcement elements in combinations with rods or lugs, projections, rings and equivalent structures which may be suitably fashioned for individually supporting rotor segment sections under all possible conditions of stress and without fiexure either outwardly or in a rotative direction, and wherein, should rotor body breakage or fracture occur, such broken or fractured parts will be held in place so as to prevent rotor body disintegration with resulting damage to other equipment components or instrumentalit-les.

It is an additional object hereof to provide means for providing a reinforcement member of a type having large exposed areas necessitating a complemental internal cavity in the granular structure per se with such cavity extending through a large portion of the radial dimension of the said granular structure so as to divide same into segments wherewith the granular structure is more resistant to outward radial movement or tendency to move radially or in other directions under severe conditions of stress.

As a further refinement hereof, I allow a low center of gravity wherewith to attain a minimum of driving shaft distortion and further to counteract any rotor static and dynamic unbalance as may be encountered during operational use due to masses, lumps, knots, snarls, and/r materials foreign or extraneous to the paper stock being processed.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent in the following specification and su'bjoined claims, when read in the light of the accompanying drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is an exploded sectional elevational view of a granular rotor body and of a cooperant reinforcing and supporting element therefore preparatory to the bonding of the components into a permanent unitary assembly;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional elevational view of a granular rotor body preparatory to the bonding of the reinforcing and supporting element therewith;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of the bonded side of a granular rotor body preparatory to the receipt of said reinforcing devices;

FIG. 4 is a fragmentary bottom plan view of the bonded side of a granular rotor body with said reinforcing devices received in and bonded in situ therewithin;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary top plan view of the bonded granular rotor body shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional elevational view of the rotor body shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 in assembly with a base or supporting plate and reinforcing media;

FIG. 7 is a view, similar to FIG. 6, of a rotor body in assembly with a base or supporting plate and supporting media cast integrally as one piece;

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary sectional elevational view of a fluid cooled fabricated type of assembly, similar to the form shown in FIG. 6 but modified to illustrate a means for flowing a cooling fluid therethrough;

FIG. 9 is a fragmentary sectional elevational view showing an assembled rotor section employing the integrally-cast type of reinforcing media modified to illustrate a means for flowing cooling fluids therethrough; and

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrative of a method of operating apparatus equipped with the water-cooled granular rotor bodies of the invention.

In the following description and appended claims, for convenience purposes, various components and details thereof are identified by specific names and expressions. Such are used merely in a generic and descriptive sense only; they are not intended to exclude reasonable equivalents of the features delineated.

I have shown, by exploded view in FIG. 1, a prepared, fired form of an annular or circularly-cylindrical porous granular rotor body, generally indicated by 14, same having been shaped, tooled, contoured and finished in accordance with the procedures generally disclosed in my copending application, Ser. No. 93,272, filed February 28, 1961, and corresponding to the disclosure made in connection with FIGS. 7 and 8 of my aforementioned parent application.

In said FIG. 1 hereof, I have shown rotor body 14 as having its upper working face 16 being provided with desired working contours 18, as for example ridges and valleys, and with its outer peripheral surface 20 being provided with working contours 22, as for example shal- 4 low grooves, and with the underface 24 of the rotor body being provided with a plurality of radially-spaced, elongated, generally-cylindrical recesses 26 and a central opening or bore 28 being enlarged as at 30 adjacent upper working face 16, to provide an annular shoulder 32 and an annular land 34 providing an annular shoulder 36. Cooperant with said rotor body is an annular metallic base or Supporting plate 40, formed with an outermost annular rim rib 42 is provided with a plurality of upwardly-extending reinforcing rods 44, which may be threaded throughout their lengths, and which are each tightly engaged at the lower extremity thereof in a tapped recess 46 provided in said base plate, and also provided with a central hold-down bushing 48 in the form of a cylinder, welded or otherwise secured to said base plate and having a keyway 50 therealong for splining said base plate to the complemental portion of a drive shaft, not shown.

Rods 44 are slightly smaller, diameterwise, than recesses 26 and are positioned so as each to be substantially centrally receivable within a respective recess 26 when rotor body 14 is assembled on base plate 40, the rotor body being cemented to the base plate, the rods, and the bushing 48 by any material suitable for making an effective adhesive bond between the cooperant granular and metal surfaces.

The interengagement of shoulder 36 with the inner complemental face of rim rib 42, upon assembly, serves to oppose outward radial stresses generated in the bottom portion of the rotor body during operational use.

Rods 44 are so spaced and arranged within the rotor body as to distribute and absorb the stresses set up within the rotor body from the driving torque, work loads and thermal shock sustained by said rotor body in the operation of the apparatus, as well as to provide assurance against disintegration of the rotor body in the eventof fracture.

With conjoint reference to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 of said parent application, Ser. No. 89,423, and to FIG. 1 of the instant application, it will be explained that the granular surfaced processing elements are especially effective in the processing of synthetic fibers, such as rayon, which offer aggravating problems with conventional equipment, and further, that in the normal foremost stages of reducmg any raw unrefined fiberous aggragate slurry, preparatory to the refining phase, coarse lumps and clots and knots are consistently encountered to cause extremelyheavy stresses to occur at the location or locations of encounterment on the radial working face of sufficient magnitude to set up severe localized internal stresses within the rotor body assembly in the form of shocks of considerable force. Same are transmitted generally transversely to the unsupported ends of reinforcing rods 44. Such high stresses within the rotor body generate outward radial pressures of considerable magnitude, especially with fiberous materials such as raw wood chips and uncut rag and linen material, wherefore it has been considered desirable to arrange not only for more rigid reinforcement but also for increased heat dissipating capacity through the medium of the reinforcing members which this invention teaches.

Granular structures, according to the exemplifications to follow, produce fiber development properties at rapid rates per unit area of surface. In processing material, such as raw wood chips, rags, textile wastes, and other tough fibrous materials, very high rates of aggregate reduction per unit of processing area are easily obtainable, although these high rates are not necessarily required, nor need be maintained, when proper feed regulation is provided, as will hereinafter appear.

In FIG. 2, I have shown an annular granular rotor body 114 formed, shaped, tooled, contoured and prepared, as beforementioned, prepartory to receiving and being bonded to the improved type of unitary reinforcing rods and supplementary reinforcing gussets fabricated or integrally cast therewith. Rotor body 114 is provided with a plurality of radially-spaced elongated generally cylindrical recesses 126 and with a central opening v128, enlarged as at 130 adjacent the upper working face 116 to provide an annular shoulder 132.

The radial working face of the granular surfaced structure 114 may be provided with large, deeply-cut Vs 152 similar to the radial face of the rotors exemplified in my Patents No. 2,936,128, issued May 10, 1960, and No. 3,058,678, issued October 16, 1962, same being illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 5 because of the utility value of such type of processing face, and further for the reason that granular surface structures provided with such working face constitutes one of the most difficult types to adequately reinforce, due to these large, deeply-cut Vs.

Such working surface offers a capacity for effecting an acceleration of large volumes of stock to a high velocity and at low rotative speeds. ,-'1-he stresses of the accelerating stock over the radial face portion, that is the unopposed side, and of the stock attrition action at the perimeter face area between the Vs under opposed conditions, as defined in said Patent No. 3,058,678, cause a combina- :tion of such high stresses to be localized within the gran- -u1ar structure, which the reinforcing methods herein embodied are adapted to accommodate.

Additionally, rotor body 114 is provided with a plurality of elongated radially-extending gusset-receiving cavities 160, each extending vertically through the major portion of the granular structure dimension parallel with its minor axis, and each communicating at its outboard terminus with one of the recesses 126, and each communicating at its inboard terminus with an enlarged annular portion 162 of central opening 128 adjacent the rotor body under face.

Each gusset-receiving cavity 160 will 'be observed to be of less vertical dimension at its inboard terminus than at its outboard terminus, wherefore said cavity allows definition of an inclined upper wall 164, and will be further observed to be of a width less than the diameter of its respective associated recess 126. Preferentially, but not obligatorily, the horizontal plane defined by the upper terminals of the inclined upper walls 164 of the plurality of the cavities 160 will be vertically spaced below the horizontal plane defined by the upper terminals or bottom walls 127 of recesses 126 as best shown in FIG. 2.

Thus, in effect, the rotor body includes a central opening or bore vertically-extending therethrough and having an enlarged annular portion at its lower extremity and a. multiplicity of vertically-extending cavities arranged substantially along generatrices of the opening defined by the enlarged portion of the central opening and a multiplicity of concentrically-arranged vertically-extending annularly-spaced recesses extending into the rotor body from the under face thereof, the distal ends of each cavity communicating one with the enlarged portion of the central opening and the other with one of the multiplicity of recesses.

\In FIG. 3, I have shown, in everted view, the fragmented bonded side of the granular rotor body 114 shown in FIG. -2 and prepared for receiving the gusset reinforcement members and the gusset reinforcing hub now to be described.

A plurality of gusset reinforcement members 17 0, each of a configuration complemental to the configuration of a cavity 160 are formed integrally with the multiplicity of reenforcing rods 144 by being cast therewith as well as with an annular gusset reinforcing hub 172, said hub being of a configuration complemental to the configuration of the enlarged portion 162 of opening 128. The integrated construction will thus be observed to be receivable within the respective openings or cavities or recesses of the rotor body.

Alternatively, gusset reinforcement members 170 and gusset reinforcing hub 172 may be fabricated separately for integration with each other and securement to the reinforcing rods, as by welding.

Further, said gusset reinforcement members and gusset reinforcing hub may be cast integrally and subsequently secured to the base or supporting plate 140, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 or such components may be separately fabricated and subsequently united, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 8.

In FIG. 6, I have shown, in fragmentary sectional elevational view, the rotor body 114 shown in FIG. 4 with the balance of a complete assemblage inclusive of a base or supporting plate and separately formed reinforcing rods 144, gusset reinforcement members and gusset reinforcing hub 172 being joined to each other so as to resist stresses in tension.

Contrariwise, in FIG. 7, I have shown, in fragmentary sectional elevational view, a rotor body .114, with the balance of a complete assemblage inclusive of a base or supporting plate 140 conjoint therewith in which reinforcing rods 144', gusset reinforcement members 170', and gusset reinforcement hubs 172' and hold down bushing 1-48' have been cast integrally as a one-piece construction for resisting load and other stresses in tension.

In both forms, that of FIG. 6 and that of FIG. 7, the components are shown as being swa'bbed with a bonding material such as Devcon during assembly, as shown at 173 in FIG. 6 and at 173' in FIG. 7.

FIG. 6 is illustrative of astar centered rotor body, whereas FIG. 7 is illustrative of a flat surface rotor without a star center, same being adapted to work under a hydraulic head.

In either instance, the gusset reinforcing members 170 and 170' serve effectively to increase manyfold the rigid ity of their cooperant reinforcing rods, the tensile properties of the gusset reinforcement member and the reinforcing rods integrated therewith or fixed thereto being combined so as to be in increased alignment with the major stresses anticipated to be encountered.

Significantly, such improved arrangement allows a single annular row of reinforcing rods, with these being placed at wider spacings as to each other wherewith improved reinforcing and heat conducting capacities are attained.

When such sufficiently rigid reinforcing means are provided, any excessive internal temperatures are eliminated and the granular structural bodies are capable of withstanding increased punishment and abuse in addition to more easily accommodating themselves to their intended work loads.

By the rigid, non-yielding reinforcement system above described, I relieve the granular structural part of encountered stresses and provide extended bonding areas that permit high factors of safety with lowered stresses per unit of bonded area, and assure high heat dissipating properties that assurethe bonding being maintained at maximum bonding strengths.

Since, in processing, the more intensive heat producing areas of a rotating granular structure range from a point midway of the rotor radius to the perimeter of the radial face, the tougher and harder aggregates to which the types of rotor shown are best suited, a more adequate heat transfer path is provided with the gusset type of reinforcing which additionally provides more rigid reinforcement to the granular body structure part.

In FIG. 8 hereof, I have shown an annular granular rotor body 214, suitably for-med, shaped, tooled, contoured and prepared for receiving and being bonded to the fabricated reinforcing rods and supplementary reinforcing gussets.

Said body 214 is provided with a plurality of radially spaced elongated generally cylindrical recesses 226 and with a central opening or bore interconnected by gusset cavities, all as before described.

In combination therewith, I have illustrated a fluidcooled fabricated type of assembly with the added means for flowing a coolant from a hollow and suitably ported drive shaft 200, the reinforcing members 244 and the 7 gusset member, 260 being hollow as at 245 and 261 respectively and being interconnected, if desired, as by tubing 202.

Additionally, in said FIG. 8, I have shown a small abrasive disc 250 seated within the star center and upon a hold down washer 252 with a head cap screw 254 threadedly engageable with said washer, as is best suited for the star centered type of rotor body as illustrated.

Adjacent the junction of each opening 261 of its respective gusset member 260 and the aligned intercommunicating port 264 of drive shaft 200, a pair of O-rings 263, are disposed, one on each side of the interconnection for the common sealing function.

In FIG. 9, I have illustrated, in the form of a fiat surface rotor without a rotor center for working under hydraulic loads, a fluid cooled integrally cast type of assembly with added means in the form of cored channels for flowing a coolant from a hollow drive shaft 300.

The base plate 140' is illustrated as being cored as at 141', which opening communicates with an interconnecting port 302' in drive shaft 300' at one end thereof and with a channel 345' cored in the reinforcing rod 344.

At the junction of port 141 and port 302', a pair of O-rings 306' are disposed at opposite sides thereof for the conventional sealing function.

In a continuous flow type system, high work load rate conditions cause no particular heat dissipating problems, but tougher fiberous materials may be batch processed to an accepted condition in greatly reduced time periods as compared with the normal experience when and where the granular surfaced processing elements are provided with auxiliary cooling means now to be described. Such means are particularly desirable when low temperature bonding media are employed in bonding the granular structure member to the reinforcing and driving components.

Batches of stock under such conditions consistently attain temperatures above those found to be most desirable for optimum fiber development, and they may even reach temperatures of as high as 150 F. to 175 F. or even higher depending upon the beating rate. Such temperatures are excessive and completely undesirable for some grades of stock, it being recognized that the most desirable stock heating temperature for most organic stocks is in the neighborhood of 80 F.

Batches of stock may be processed indefinitely by apparatus such as exemplified in my copending application, Ser. No. 99,473, filed March 30, 1961, at uniform constant temperature with a range of from 100 F. to not in excess of 135 F., depending upon the rate of stock flow and rotative speeds employed. Stocks processed with this apparatus however lose moisture content rapidly so as to result in increases in density as the processing progresses.

Stocks processed with the auxiliary cooled rotor bodies of FIGS. 8 and 9 gain moisture and decrease in density as the processing progresses, they being cooled by the addition of the cooling water.

Bearing in mind that the term batch processing defines the processing of stocks in comparatively small quantities, quantities too small for continuous stock processing operation, and consisting of short order finishes of special types of fibers of varying ratios, reference will now be made to FIG. 10 wherein I have illustrated, by a schematic flow line diagram, one simplified method of processing batches of stock over any period and duration at a constant temperature and constant density at temperatures which will approach the theoretical ideal, by the balancing of the characteristics of one processing unit with the characteristics of the other unit into an integrated system which combines the cooling effects of both.

Such method comprehends that each unit employed in the method constitutes an essential part of the method defined for the achievement and maintenance of a predetermined desired lower processing stock temperature (lower than that found in normal processing techniques) for a uniform constant density.

The component units of apparatus illustrated as an integrated system in connection with that method include a preconditioner 500 of a type exemplified in my copending application, Ser. No. 118,756, filed May 15, 1961. Such functions to reduce a given quantity to a flowable slurry, and is operated, in conjunction with a blending processing unit 502 cooperant with a reservoir 501 so as to deliver a desired quantity of uniformly-blended slurry to a stock chest 504.

Said stock chest is equipped with a paper stock processing unit 506 which is fitted with an auxiliary water cooled rotor of the type shown in FIG. 8 and rotatable within any suitable stator arrangement 507. One such arrangement is shown in FIG. 12 of my aforementioned copending application, Ser. No. 89,423.

As will be seen, the coolant fluid, obtainable from an auxiliary source, admixes with the stock upon being discharged from the rotor body while processing a batch of stock over a prolonged time period, and while yet maintaining the predetermined stock density throughout the batching period.

Processing unit 506 so equipped with the rotor body is suited to break down the coarse slurry as drawn from stock chest 504 and to deliver the conditioned stock to a.

processing unit 508 disposed at an elevated position wherefore the discharge from said unit will flow by gravity back to stock chest 504. Said processing unit 508 may be of a type exemplified in my aforementioned copending application, Ser. No. 99,473, to offer rapid hydrating effects to the stocks and to reduce the moisture content during operation.

No pump is required since processing unit 506 will deliver stock to an elevated point without any auxiliary equipment.

The stock processing unit 506 may also be arranged to maintain sufficient stock agitation within stock chest 504 so as to eliminate the need for a chest agitator.

A valve 510 will serve to regulate the rate of stock delivered to processing unit 508, the surplus returning to stock chest 504.

Preconditioner 500, a conveyor 512, and a blender 502 are only used to develop the required batch quantity desired to be delivered to stock chest 504 for batch processing.

The capacity of stock chest 504 may be of any desired quantity to meet the requirements of the user and could be of the order between one average sized beater tub and several beater tubs. In batch operation, the chest would function and serve the identical purpose that a conventional beater tub serves.

Cooling water is admitted to the hollow shaft of motor 507 to processing unit 506 via a rotary joint 516, a regulating valve 518 and a fluid meter 520.

Once the moisture dissipating rate of processing unit 508 is determined for a given energy rate input by the aid of fluid meter 520 and the adjustment of regulating valve 518 so as to hold the stock level L constant within stock chest 504, the setting of regulating valve 518 may be made in accordance with tabulation predetermined through previous runs.

The required batch quantity having been charged into stock chest 504, this stock is then processed only by Since processing units 506 and 508 operate in series in the arrangement shown in FIG. 10, drawing stock from and returning stock to stock chest 504 until the desired accepted stock condition has been obtained, the moisture additive characteristics of processing unit 506 may be regulated to balance the moisture dissipating characteristics of processing unit 508 to maintain a constant level L in stock chest 504, whereby to maintain a constant stock density at a lowered stock temperature due to the combined cooling influence of both units.

The energy input rate of process unit 508 is in direct relation to the stock flow rate admitted through valve 510. For this reason, a given energy input rate will have a corresponding moisture extraction rate.

Knowing the moisture extraction rates per hour for the various input rating of processing unit 508, auxiliary cooling water regulating valve 518 may be adjusted accordingly by noting the reading of fluid meter 520, from which the water input rate may be determined in adjusting regulating valve 518.

After processing units 506 and 508 have been rendered operative, the static head within stock chest 504 may be noted on a static pressure device 522.

By setting an adjustable contact device to the static head reading, any appreciable variation from that static head within stock chest 504 may be arranged to sound a warning signal and/or to increase or decrease the auxiliary cooling water rate as required to maintain a constant chest level L, by equipping regulating valve 518 with the suitable responsive control devices (not shown).

If processing units 506 and 508 are equipped with variable speed motors or variable speed drives, the processing rate of the batch may be further varied to meet the most economical fiber development rate.

Higher stock flow velocities carry high energy input rates but not necessarily high fiber development rates. That is, fiber development characteristics, such as tensile, do not follow velocity and energy input rates, nor are mullen and tensile equally influenced by varying velocities and energy input rates.

By manipulating the rotative speeds of either or both types of processing units, varying input energy rates are possible for a given fiber development characteristic values including relative freeness.

Granular surfaced processing elements prepared, as exemplified in my copending application Ser. No. 93,272, filed March 3, 1961, are capable of developing superstrong organic fiber characteristics far beyond that possible by conventional means and methods, when employed as exemplified in my issued patents Reg. No. 2,912,174, dated October 11, 1959, Reg. No. 2,936,128, dated May 10, 1960, Reg. No. 3,058,678, dated October 16, 1962, and will also process synthetic non-organic fibers free of the problems encountered by conventional means.

Granular structure bodies so prepared with reinforcement media and with auxiliary cooling means maintain more beneficial and elfective stock processing temperatures as well.

This invention utilizes the observed phenomena characteristics of epoxy resin bonded untreated granular bodied structures as exemplified in this invention and all my previous issued patents and my copending applications, that granular bodies as prepared, used and described resist fracture under extreme pressure and shock within those regions bordering to the bonded areas and it is the purpose of this invention to extend this phenomena throughout the porous granular structure in its entirety or sufliciently near its entirety for the requirements sought in combination with the improved reinforcing heat dissipating methods described above.

I claim:

1. A rotor member for use in the processing of water borne paper stock which comprises, a rotor body formed of granules of hard permanently-bonded-together material allowing coarse granular stock processing surfaces, said rotor body being formed on its underside with a plurality of spaced generally cylindrical inwardly-extending recesses and a cylindrical central opening and a plurality of cavities each interconnecting one of the recesses and the central opening, a driving support, a plurality of reinforcement rods extending from said driving support and each positioned in one of the recesses, a plurality of reinforcement gussets extending from said driving support and each positioned in one of the cavities, said reinforcement rods and gussets being fixed to each other at their points of intersection, a shaft receiving bushing extending from said driving support and positioned in the central opening, and means bonding said reinforcement rods and gussets and bushing to said rotor body within the recesses and cavities and central opening respectively.

2. A rotor member for use in the processing of water borne paper stock which comprises, a rotor body formed of granules of hard material permanently bonded together to provide said rotor body with coarse granular stock processing surfaces, said rotor body being formed on its underside with a plurality of spaced circular recesses and with a central cylindrical opening and with 'a radially-disposed gusset recess interconnecting each said circular recess and said central cylindrical opening, a driving support, a plurality of spaced and discrete projections and a plurality of interconnected gussets extending from said support and positioned in said circular recesses and gusset recesses respectively, a shaft receiving bushing extending from said driving support and positioned in said central cylindrical opening, and means bonding said projections and gussets and bushing to said rotor body within said circular recesses and said gusset recesses and said central cylindrical opening respectively.

3. A rotor member for use in the processing of water home paper stock which comprises, a rotor body formed of granules of hard material permanently bonded together for providing said body with coarse granular stock processing surfaces, said body being formed on its underside with a plurality of spaced inwardly-extending circular recesses and a central cylindrical opening extending therethrough and with a radially-disposed gusset recess inter- 1 connecting each said circular recess and said central cylindrical opening, a driving support, a plurality of spaced projections and interconnected gussets extending from said support and positioned in said circular recesses and gusset recesses respectively, a shaft receiving bushing extending from said driving support and positioned in said central cylindrical opening, and means bonding said projections and gussets and bushing to said body within said circular recesses and said gusset recesses and said central cylindrical opening respectively.

4. In a rotor member for use in the processing of water borne paper stock comprising, a rotor body formed of granules of hard material permanently bonded together to provide said body with coarse granular stock processing surfaces and having on its underside a plurality of spaced generally cylindrical recesses and a central cylindrical opening and a plurality of interconnected gusset recesses each extending between one of said cylindrical recesses and said central cylindrical opening, a driving support, a

plurality of rods extending from said driving support and positioned in said cylindrical recesses and a plurality of interconnected gussets positioned in said gusset recesses, a shaft receiving bushing extending from said driving support and positioned in said central opening, and means bonding said rods and gussets and bushing to said body within said cylindrical recesses and gusset recesses and central opening respectively.

5. A rotor member for use in the processing of water borne paper stock comprising, a rotor body formed on its underside with a plurality of spaced inwardly-extending generally cylindrical recesses and with a central cylindrical opening therethrough and with spaced inwardly-extending interconnected gusset recesses extending between each cylindrical recess and said central cylindrical opening, a driv- References Cited by the Examiner ing support, a plurality of metal rods extending from said UNITED STATES PATENTS driving support and positioned in said cylindrical recesses,

a plurality of gussets positioned in said gusset recesses and 1,705,996 3/29 Pope 241 296 each interconnected with one of the rods of said plurality 5 21231516 2/41 Welmberg 51*209 thereof, a shaft receiving bushing extending from said driving support and positioned in said central opening, and FOREIGN PATENTS means bonding said rods and gussets and bushing to said 51,014 6/32 Norway body within said cylindrical recesses and gusset recesses and central opening repectively. ANDREW R. JUHASZ, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A ROTOR MEMBER FOR USE IN THE PROCESSING OF WATER BORNE PAPER STOCK WHICH COMPRISES, A ROTOR BODY FORMED OF GRANULES OF HARD PERMANENTLY-BONDED-TOGETHER MATERIAL ALLOWING COARSE GRANULAR STOCK PROCESSING SURFACES, SAID ROTOR BODY BEING FORMED ON ITS UNDERSIDE WITH A PLURALITY OF SPACED GENERALLY CYLINDRICAL INWARDLY-EXTENDING RECESSES AND A CYLINDRICAL CENTRAL OPENING AND A PLURALITY OF CAVITIES EACH INTERCONNECTING ONE OF THE RECESSES AND THE CENTRAL OPENING, A DRIVING SUPPORT, A PLURALITY OF REINFORCEMENT RODS EXTENDING FROM SAID DRIVING SUPPORT AND EACH POSITIONED IN ONE OF THE RECESS, A PLURALITY OF REINFORCEMENT GUSSETS EXTENDING FROM SAID DRIVING SUPPORT AND EACH POSITIONED IN ONE OF THE CAVITIES, SAID REINFORCEMENT RODS AND GUSSETS BEING FIXED TO EACH OTHER AT THEIR POINTS OF INTERSECTION, A SHAFT RECEIVING BUSHING EXTENDING FROM SAID DRIVING SUPPORT AND POSITIONED IN THE CENTRAL OPENING, AND MEANS BONDING SAID REINFORCEMENT RODS AND GUSSETS AND BUSHING TO SAID ROTOR BODY WITHIN THE RECESSES AND CAVITIES AND CENTRAL OPENING RESPECTIVELY.

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