US3182639A - Steam generating unit - Google Patents
Steam generating unit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3182639A US3182639A US310702A US31070263A US3182639A US 3182639 A US3182639 A US 3182639A US 310702 A US310702 A US 310702A US 31070263 A US31070263 A US 31070263A US 3182639 A US3182639 A US 3182639A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- loop
- tube
- steam
- leg
- tubes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
- F22G1/06—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with heat supply predominantly by radiation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G5/00—Controlling superheat temperature
- F22G5/20—Controlling superheat temperature by combined controlling procedures
Definitions
- This invention relates to a steam generating unit and, more particularly, to apparatus arranged to generate and to superheat steam for use in a steam turbine for the production of electricity.
- the temperature of the steam in the outlet header is really an average of the temperatures of the steam from the various tubes and, under conventional practice, this means that the temperature in some of the tube will be greater than the final steam outlet temperature, or, alternatively, the average temperature of the steam at the outlet header must be selected lower than would normally be possible if it could be guaranteed that the temperature of steam in any given tube would not exceed the selected temperature.
- Another object of this invention is the provision of a steam generating unit having radiant type superheatcr in which the temperatures in all of the tubes are close to the desired final super-heat temperature.
- a further object of the present invention is the provision of a steam generating unit in which radiant superheater loops are so constructed that the outer tube of a given loop is provided with relatively cool steam to prevent failure of the tube.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a steam generating unit embodying the principles of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged somewhat schematic view of a portion of the steam generating unit
- FIG. '3 is a horizontal sectional view of the superheater taken on the line III-HI of FIG. 2.
- the steam generating unit is shown as consisting of a furnace 11 and a boiler 12 3,182,639 Patented May 11, 1965 mounted in a structural steel supporting structure 13.
- the furnace 11 is shown as having a front wall 14, a rear wall 15, and side walls 16 defining a vertically-elongated rectangular combustion chamber 17.
- the front wall is provided with an abutment 18 located close to its lower end and provided on its downwardly-directed surface with a burner 19.
- the rear wall 15 is provided with an abutment 21 on the lower surface of which is mounted a burner 22.
- the combustion chamber of the furnace At its upper end the combustion chamber of the furnace'is provided with a nose 23 extending from the rear wall 15 toward the front Wall and overlying this nose in the rear wall is a gas offtake opening 24.
- The, opening 24 leads from the combustion chamber 17 to a backpass 25 in which reside a convection superheater 26 and a convection reheater 27.
- the lower end of the backpass 25 is provided with control dampers 2.8 and is connected through a regenerative air heater 29 to a stack 31.
- the output end of the convection super-heater 26 is connected by a pipe 3-2 to an inlet header 33 of a combination convective and radiant superheater 34.
- This superheater discharges into an outlet header 35 which is connected to a pipe 36 leading to a steam turbine (not shown).
- the radiant superheater 3-4 is shown as consisting of a series of steam tubes which, in the preferred embodiment, are twelve in number and which, in the illustrations, have been given alphabetical letters from A to M.
- Each tube is connected continuously from the inlet header 33 to the outlet header 35 and the tubes are arranged as close as possible to a single plane and consist of three loops 37, 38, and 39.
- the first and second loops 37 and 38 reside in substantially a single plane, as is evident in FIG. 3, this plane being paraellel to gas flow.
- the various planes are substantially transversely separated so that gas may flow freely between them.
- the tubes in the third loop 39 are, however, arranged diagonally across the path of the gases and receive heat in substantial amounts by convection.
- the superheater 34 is suspended beneath the roof 41 of the furnace 11 and the inlet header 33 and the outlet header 35 reside above the roof 41 out of the flow of gases. Extending above the roof are three supporting members 42, 43, and 44 whose purpose will be clear as the description progresses.
- the loop 37 consists of a first leg 45 and a second leg 4.6, the steam flowing first downwardly through the first leg 45 and secondly upwardly through the second leg 46.
- the gas will pass first over the first leg 45 and then over the second leg 46.
- the second loop 38 which is provided with a first leg 47 and a second leg 43, the steam passes first downwardly through the second leg 48, downwardly and then upwardly through the first leg 47.
- the flow of gas is such as to flow over the first leg 47 first and over the second leg 48 secondly.
- the twelve tubes in connecting the upper end of the second leg 46 of the first loop 37 to the upper end of the second leg 48 of the second loop 38, form a substantial platen 49 extending immediately beneath the roof 41 with the individual tubes arranged parallel thereto.
- the twelve tubes are bent laterally to form only five transverse rows in the first leg 51 and merge to provide four transverse rows in the second leg 52, the second leg extending upwardly for connection to the output header 35.
- one of the tubes M is the innermost tube of the loop 37, but becomes the outermost tube of the loop 38.
- the tube M instead of joining the other eleven tubes and the platen 49 to progress from the loop 37 to the loop 38, extends upwardly from the second leg 46 of the loop 37 through the roof 41, is bent around the supporting member 42, extends parallel to the upper surface of the roof 41, and is then bent around a supporting member 44 before extending around the outer periphery of the second loop 38.
- the tube M passes from the supporting member 42 to the supporting member 44, it is provided with a Y-shaped fitting 53 in the form of a bifurcation having two input legs 54 and 55 and an output leg 56.
- the tube end is connected to the input leg 55, continues through the fitting and emerges by connection to the output leg 56.
- the input leg 55' is connected to the input header 33 by a tube 57.
- This tube has a substantially reduced diameter as compared to the tubes in the superheater 34 and ofiers a restriction to the flow of steam from the header 33 to the tube M.
- the tube M in leaving the upper end of the first leg 47 of the second loop 38, extends upwardly through the roof 41 again around the supporting member 43, moves downstream to be bent around and carried by the supporting member 44, and then joins the other eleven tubes in forming the third loop 39.
- FIG. 3 it can be seen that the loops 37 and 38 are restrained to single planes in a direction of gas flow, while the third loop 39 is arranged diagonally of gas flow.
- two laterally-spaced sets of tubes are shown.
- the twelve tubes leaving the first leg 47 of the second loop 38 are broken into approximately three groups to form three diagonal platens making up the third loop 39.
- spreading out the tubes in this way causes a substantial convection heat transfer from the gases flowing over the top of the nose 23.
- the outer tube of the loops 37 and 38 receive substantially more heat than the other tubes; for one thing, they are continually subject to radiation from many directions instead of only from the sides, as is true of a tube in the center of a platen. For that reason, the outer tube A of the loop 37 becomes the inner tube of the loop 38, so that the average amount of heat it receives is not excessive. On the other hand, the inner tube M of the loop 37 becomes the outer tube of the loop 38. It receives very little heat by radiation when it is the inner tube of the loop 37, so that its steam is relatively cool when it reaches the loop 38. Even so, since the second loop 38 is close to the nose 23, it receives the greatest mass flow of gases of any of the three loops.
- the outer tube of the second loop which is generally the most dangerous tube of the entire superheater 34, is provided with steam which is much cooler than any of the other tubes in the superheater.
- most of the tubes in the superheater 34 were a conventional one and a half inches in diameter, while the by-pass tube 57 was made as a three-eighth inch outside diameter tube. This meant that approximately 10% to 15% of the steam residing in the tube M (as it passed through the loop 38) was steam originating directl from the inlet header 33.
- a steam generating unit comprising (a) an elongated combustion chamber having a gas otitake at one end,
- each platen consisting of a first and a second loop and each loop having two legs, the first loop receiving steam from the inlet header and the second loop delivering the steam to the header, one leg of the first loop being directly connected to the inlet header and being located downstream gas-wise of the other leg, one leg of the second loop being connected to the said other leg of the first loop and being located upstream gaswise of the other leg of the second loop, the innermost tube of the first loop forming the outermost tube of the second loop,
- a steam generating unit comprising (a) an elongated combustion chamber having a gas ofitake at one end,
Description
Claims (1)
- 2. A STEAM GENERATING UNIT, COMPRISING (A) AN ELONGATED COMBUSTION CHAMBER HAVING A GAS OFFTAKE AT ONE END, (B) A PLURALITY OF SUPERHEATER TUBE PLATENS HANGING IN THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER AT THE SAID ONE END AND FORMED IN A FIRST AND A SECOND LOOP, THE SAID FIRST LOOP BEING LOCATED CLOSER TO THE COMBUSTION CHAMBER THAN THE SECOND LOOP, (C) AN INLET HEADER LOCATED OUTSIDE THE CHAMBER TO WHICH ONE END OF EACH SUPERHEATER TUBE IS CONNECTED, (D) AN OUTLET HEADER LOCATED OUTSIDE THE CHAMBER TO WHICH THE OTHER END OF EACH SUPERHEATER TUBE IS CONNECTED, (E) MEANS PASSING AT LEAST A PORTION OF THE STEAM IN THE OUTSIDE TUBE OF THE SECOND LOOP DIRECTLY TO THE SECOND LOOP FROM THE INLET HEADER, (F) AND MEANS PASSING ALL OF THE STEAM IN THE OTHER TUBES OF THE SECOND LOOP THROUGH THE FIRST LOOP.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US310702A US3182639A (en) | 1963-09-23 | 1963-09-23 | Steam generating unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US310702A US3182639A (en) | 1963-09-23 | 1963-09-23 | Steam generating unit |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3182639A true US3182639A (en) | 1965-05-11 |
Family
ID=23203739
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US310702A Expired - Lifetime US3182639A (en) | 1963-09-23 | 1963-09-23 | Steam generating unit |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3182639A (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463888A (en) * | 1944-03-07 | 1949-03-08 | Frederick W Linaker | Steam superheater and method of controlling superheat |
US2835479A (en) * | 1953-08-18 | 1958-05-20 | Combustion Eng | Superheater construction and arrangement |
US2918909A (en) * | 1955-09-09 | 1959-12-29 | Sulzer Ag | Steam generating and resuperheating plant |
-
1963
- 1963-09-23 US US310702A patent/US3182639A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2463888A (en) * | 1944-03-07 | 1949-03-08 | Frederick W Linaker | Steam superheater and method of controlling superheat |
US2835479A (en) * | 1953-08-18 | 1958-05-20 | Combustion Eng | Superheater construction and arrangement |
US2918909A (en) * | 1955-09-09 | 1959-12-29 | Sulzer Ag | Steam generating and resuperheating plant |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ASHLAND TECHNOLOGY, INC., NEW YORK, NY, A CORP. OF Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES RILEY CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.;REEL/FRAME:004435/0797 Effective date: 19850709 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ATEC, INC. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:ASHLAND TECHNOLOGY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005521/0519 Effective date: 19851205 Owner name: RILEY STOKER CORPORATION, WORCESTER, MA A MA CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:ATEC, INC.;REEL/FRAME:005521/0514 Effective date: 19900928 |