US317581A - salisbury - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-She d 1 S. C. SALISBURY.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ILLUMINATING GAS.

No. s17.5s1.- Patented May 12, 1885.

(No Mbdel. I '2 SheetsSheet 2.;

. s. 0. SALISBURY. A

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ILLUMINATING GAS. No. 317,581. Patented May 12, 1885.

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UNITED STATES j PATENT- is OFFICE;

SILAS o. SALISBURY, orNnw YORK, ASSIGNOR TOLEVI r. nose, or YONKERS, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ILLUM l NATING-GAS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 317,581, dated May. 12, 1885.

Application filed June 6. i854. (Xe model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SILAS G. SALISBURY, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvementsiu Apparatus for Manufacturing Illuminating-Gas,

IO Patent were granted-to menu the 24th day of June, 1884; and it consists,'first, inaniron retort adapted to decomposesteam, protected by a jacket of clay or other refractory material, as I have found that the iron retorts de- 1 5 scribed in my patents above referred to are subjected to a heat much more intense than is required, and they are therefore rendered less durable without increased efficiency; second, in the perforated diaphragms whereby theretort is separated into chambers,constructed of iron plates cast with projecting hollow hubs from anychilling by contact with the outside or tubes, said plates being joined by rods, so that theyare mutually supporting and may be easily removed or replaced, whereby the re- 2 5 tort is relieved from the greater weight of the thick perforated tiles without decreasing the area of the friction-surfaces in the tubes to which the gases are subjected in passing; third, in providing with each mixing and fixing retort an extra hydrogen-pipe, whereby the quantity of hydrogen delivered to the hydrocarbon mixture may be varied without chang ing the adjustments at themixing-injector, so that the richness in carbon may be regulated and varied at pleasure without any changein the action of the injector.

Exposure to the direct action of the flames causes thenaked iron pipes to be heated greatly above the requisite degree, which is about cherry red, and the destruction of the metal is therefore increased without any corresponding increase in efficiency. To obviate this unnecessary destruction and to render the pipes more durable and more uniform in their action Y by rendering their temperature more uniform, I

place my decomposing and mixing pipeswithiu a clay jacket, and I find it convenient for this purpose to employ an ordinary clay retort. Ordinary perforated tiles, when continuously 5 subjected to a high heat, become friable and crack and crumble, and I have therefore found that the perforations will sometimes become obstructed, and the failure in' any way of a single perforated tile partition will disable the whole retort. The great weight of the tile partition will also sometimes cause the heated retort to sag or crack at'the bottom. To obviate these difficulties Inow make the perforated partitions whereby I divide" the fixingretort into separate chambers of these castiron plates, having hollow hubs or tubes about four inches in lengthand three-fourths of an inch internal diameter cast integral; or, if preferred, short lengths of suitable pipes may be set in the mold and the molten iron cast around them. These plates afford the necessary separation into chambers with a desirable length of friction-surface in the tubes, through which the hot gases rush and rub 1 with less weight and no" tendency to crumble or break down. I

My pipes, being all inclosed, areprotected air. The heat towhich they are subjected gases are subjected to an increasingheat from the time they enter the mixing-pipe until they leave the fixingretort.

The maximum efficiency of any injector is attained by an adjustment of volume and ve loeity of thejet to a definite volume of induced or injected fluid. This definite relation need not be stated here, because it varies with the fluids employed, and because it is not necessary to a statement that when it has been attained any change in the volumes or velocities will be at the expense of efliciency. Therefore, to increase-or diminish the relative proportions of hydrogen and hydrocarbon passing from the mixinginjector will disturb the action of the injector and cause a loss in efliciency. I therefore adjust the injector to move the maximum "olume of hydrocarbon and introduce an extra hydrogen-pipe, whereby the supply of hydrogen to reduce the richness or 9 tion through retorts A B. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the mixing-injector.

Retort A is used expressly for producing hydrogen gas from superheated steam. Retorts B C D E are used for mixing and fixing the gas. A double superheating steam-pipe and an eight-inch or ten-inch diameter iron retort filled with small pipes or iron borings, &c., are placed in retort A. The steam-pipe 1 from the boiler is connected with the inner superheating-pipe, 2, and discharges the first superheated steam against the closed inner end of the outer pipe, 3. It returns to front between the two red-hot surfaces of the pipes 2 and 3, and then passes from the front end of the outer pipe, 3,- into another superheatingpipe, 4, leading into the front end of the iron retort 5 and back to within two inches of rear end thereof, where the finished, dry,'red-hot superheated steam is discharged. It then returns tothe front end of said retort 5 through the red-hot iron scraps or pieces of pipe, and during itspassage it becomes decomposed, the oxygen being absorbed by the iron, and the liberated gas from the decomposed superheated steam passes into a pipe, 6, leading to the main pipe 7, and from this main distributing pipe branch pipes 8 are attached, leading to the innershell of each of the mixinginjectors 9, each of which is attached to a hydrocarbon-pipe, 11, whereby the hot hydrocarbon vapor or liquid spray is blown into the hydrocarbon heating and mixing pipes 10, and thence to the rear end of each of the clay retorts B G D F.

Number 11 are the oil-pipes, which are attached to the outer shell of each one of the mixing heating-injectors where the hot oils are delivered in regulated quantities, the by drogen being delivered red-hot into the inner shell, which becomes red-hot and heats the oil or naphtha to a vapor, which is by force discharged into the hydrocarbon heating and mixing pipe leading from the front to the rear end of each of the retorts B O D E, where the red-hot hydrocarbon vapor is discharged, as more fully shown in Fi 2, which shows a vertical longitudinal section of a fixing-retort and a similar section of the decomposing or hydrogen retort with the iron retort 5 and double superheating-pipes 2 and 3, with all their connection, as fitted together inside the clay retort, forming a continuous connection from the steam-pipes to discharge of hydrogen or decomposed steam to pipe leading to the distributingpipe.

The upper section in Fig. 2 shows the interior view of retorts B G D E of the bench shown in Fig. 1, with the partitions 12 having hollow hubs or tubes four. inches long and three-fourths of an inch interior diameter cast into them. These plates form the separate apartments or mixing-chambers Gr, and are connected together by iron braces 14. The hydrocarbon heating and mixing pipe is connected with the mixing-injector at the front end and discharges the hot vapors therefrom into the rear endpf the last chamber. As this hot vapor 1s discharged it expands,

and thence has to pass through the red-hot pipes 13, where it is subjected to friction and further heating by the red-hot surfaces and the remaining free oxygen is absorbed, and so on through each section and mixing-chamber to the uptake stand-pipes 20. .During this described process a most thorough union of all the gases takes place, and they remain permanently fixed.

An extra hydrogen-pipe, 15, leads from the distributing hydrogen-pipe 7 to each one of the retorts B CD E, from front to rear end, along side of theheating and mixing hydrocarbonpip'es 10. This hydrogenpipe l5 discharges red-hot hydrogen gas in and among the red hot hydrocarbon vapors, the object of which is to reduce the rich quality of such hydro carbon vaporsay from a fortycandle powor to a twenty or twenty-five candle power ere it becomes a fixed gas by its passage through the red-h0t pipes and mixing-chambers, as this is found to be the safest and best 7 mode'of reducing to a uniform standard of twenty-five-candle gas when all hydrocarbon liquids are used for manfacturing gas by this continued process. Fig. 3 shows the mixing and heating injector as fitted with the oil and hydrogen pipes, and also shows the discharge into the hydrocarbonvapor pipe 10.

In Fig. 1 is shown an injector, 19, with its oil and hydrogen pipes connected to and discharging its red-hot vapor-gas into the furnace. It is discharged among red-hot bricks laid on grates for the purpose of heating the furnace and retorts contained therein. The air that may become necessary for perfected combustion enters underneath the grate-surfaces and passes up through the spaces of red-hot brick, and becomes highly heated ere it comes in contact with the blaze and gas-vapors, and perfects combustion and utilizes alllof thelcarbon.

In Fig. 1 retorts A and O areffshowniwith their caps removed. The several controllingvalves are indicated by 16.

Having described my invention, I claim as new 1. A superheating steam-pipe taking steam from the boiler, and placed within an outer superheatin g steam-pipe, and arranged in such a manner that the steam from the boiler shall first pass through the inner superheating-pipe and be discharged at the rear end of the outer pipe, through which it returns to the front, passing over the red-hot surface of the inner pipe and outer pipes, and an iron retort charged with small iron pipes or iron scraps for decomposing superheated steam,connected with said superheating-pipes, and all inclosed within and combined with a clay jacket, whereby the iron pipes and retorts are protected from contact with the flames of the furnacefire, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The pipe 2, arranged to take steam from the injector, the inclosing-pipe 3, stopped at its rearend, Within which pipe 2 is placed, as

shown, and the pipe 4, connected at one end IIO "steam are conveyed to and with said pipe 3, and at the other end discharging into the retort 5, which is packed with scraps of iron, and the whole inclosed with a clay gas-retort, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The cast-iron partition-plates 12, providedwith the hollow hubs or tubes 13, substantially as described,plaeed within and combined with the clay retort, to divide the same into separate mixing and fixing chambers without overloading said retort, as set forth.

4. A gas-retort provided with cast-iron partition-plates 12, each of said plates having the hollow hubs or tubes 13, said plates being attached together and supported by stay-rods 14, and the mixing-pipe 10, whereby hydrocarbon vapors and the gases of decomposed discharged at the rear end of said retort, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. A steam superheating and decomposing retort inclosed within a jacket of refractory clay, combined with a fixing and perfecting gas-retort having the several cast-iron plates 12, provided with the'iron pipes l3,placedinside each gas-retort, constituting mixing and said retort by means of the hot gases from decomposed steam, combined with an extra hydrogen-pipe adapted to discharge hydrogen into said retort independently of saidinjector, whereby the injector may be adjusted for maximum efficiency and the richness or standard ofthe resultant gases may be regulated and controlled by the volume of hydrogen introduced through said extra pipe.

SILAS C. SALISBURY.

\Vitnesses:

HENRY B. CROSSETCL, J. NnLsoN LUCKEY.

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