US3157811A - Electrostatic printing tube having unique anode structure - Google Patents

Electrostatic printing tube having unique anode structure Download PDF

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US3157811A
US3157811A US14686A US1468660A US3157811A US 3157811 A US3157811 A US 3157811A US 14686 A US14686 A US 14686A US 1468660 A US1468660 A US 1468660A US 3157811 A US3157811 A US 3157811A
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tube
electrostatic printing
wires
dielectric
face
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US14686A
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Jr Joseph James Stone
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AB Dick Co
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AB Dick Co
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Priority to NL262099D priority Critical patent/NL262099A/xx
Priority to NL122086D priority patent/NL122086C/xx
Application filed by AB Dick Co filed Critical AB Dick Co
Priority to US14686A priority patent/US3157811A/en
Priority to GB7889/61A priority patent/GB942280A/en
Priority to FR855261A priority patent/FR1283563A/en
Priority to DED35629A priority patent/DE1194508B/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/02—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused
    • H01J31/06—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused with more than two output electrodes, e.g. for multiple switching or counting
    • H01J31/065—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused with more than two output electrodes, e.g. for multiple switching or counting for electrography or electrophotography, for transferring a charge pattern through the faceplate

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  • FIG. 1 ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING TUBE HAVING UNIQUE ANODE STRUCTUR Filed March 14, 1960 FIG. 1
  • This invention relates in general to an improved electrostatic printing arrangement, and more particularly to an arrangement for improving both the resolution of images secured by means of electrostatic printing tubes and the tube structure.
  • a conventional cathode ray tube is modified by the .provision of an array of wires in its face which extend from the interior surface of the face to the exterior surface.
  • a high voltage beam of electrons is varied in accordance with a desired image and traverses the interior terminations of the array of wires embedded in the non-conductive face of the tube to cause a discharge through a dielectric or printing paper passing adjacent to the exterior wire terminations at a desired speed.
  • This arrangement although producing satisfactory images does give rise to some ditiiculties in resolution due to the capacitive eifect of the wires in the matrix.
  • the dielectric is located between the wires and an exterior electrode maintained at ground or anode potential, while the respective Wires are charged toward the cathode potential. This creates a charged condition therebetween which is satisfied only by discharge through the dielectric, and on initiation of the discharge, it continues until complete. If the discharge period is extended, it may result in poor definition of the discharge area marked on the dielectric.
  • the effect of loading or biasing on the Wires to a value just below the discharge or writing potential makes possible a decrease in the electron beam current required to drive the wires above the writing potential. It further reduces the intercapacitive effects between the wire and enables the collection of secondary electrons.
  • the conductor or wire adjacent to the inner surface of the tube face and a portion of the inner face are etched away to form depressions at the wires.
  • a conductive coating is then applied to the inner tube surface with a thinner conductive coating deposited in the depressions, after which the coating may be either grounded or connected to an external voltage source.
  • the grid structure forming the overall inner surface coating thus collects secondary electrons to permit increased resolution by restricting the writing area.
  • Thereduced parallel length of each wire also serves to reduce its capacitive effect and permits the use of a larger number of wires.
  • the use of thicker matrix arrays provides a more sturdy tube arrangement.
  • Another object is to increase the sensitivity of an electrostatic printing tube by providing an improved bias arrangement for the wire array.
  • a feature of this invention is the means for biasing the wires of an array in an electrostatic printing tube.
  • FIG. 1 is a standard cathode ray tube of the type used in electrostatic printing modified by the application of an inner surface coating.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view showing the manner in which a wire conductor is arranged in the usual electrostatic printing tube.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing a portion of inner surface .and wire as etched away and FIGS. 4 and 5 show respective front and side views of portions of the tube face with the conductive coating applied.
  • FIG. 1 showing a cross section of the electrostatic printing tube incorporating the principles of the present invention
  • the tube indicated at lit is similar to a conventional cathode ray tube. It includes an evacuated envelope 12, which carries a cathode 14, a control grid 13 connected to a suitable signal source 15, an anode or accelerating electrode 16, a focus coil 18 and a deflection coil 20.
  • the cathode is connected to the negative terminal of high voltage supply 22.
  • the deflection coil 2G is controlled from a suitable defiection signal source 28, for controlling the beam produced at the cathode 14 while the beam is modulated by the si nals from source 15 for reproducing an image represented by those signals.
  • the tube includes any well known type of face plate 32 of dielectric material in which the wires 34 are carried or embedded. Adjacent the terminations of the wires, exterior of the tube, a suitable dielectric material 36 is provided for recording the image. It is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow and has associated on its other side a conductor 38, at ground potential whereby discharge from the wires through the dielectric is accomplished.
  • the electron beam is of course directed to the various wires 34, in accordance with the desired scanning rate, while the image reproducing dielectric 36 passes adjacent the external terminations of the wires.
  • the control grid 13 is controlled in accordance with the signals introduced thereto from signal source 15. These signals represent the image to be reproduced and modulate the beam emitted by 14 accordingly.
  • the potential source 22 furnishes a voltage of sufiicient magnitude to provide a beam which need not be operated at the high voltages previously used, but instead at just above the writing voltage. This is due to the bias voltage applied to the wires 34 through coating 62.
  • bias values secondary electrons emitted as a result of the beam striking the face or Wires are prevented from migrating to the exterior face to affect image resolutions.
  • each wire 34 is energized in sequence and repetitively as the beam sweeps across the tube face at a rate determined by the deflection signal source 28.
  • the degree of charge imparted to each wire 34 is dependent on the modulation from signal source 15 at the time of impact. Due to the reduced parallel length of the wires 34, the capacitance between the wires is substan tially reduced. Because of this, and factors already discussed, the decay time of each discharge between a wire 34, through dielectric 36 to ground at 38, is considerably shortened and otherwise confined to provide improved image resolution.
  • FIG. 2 in which a portion of the face plate 55a of a standard electrostatic printing tube is shown, it will be seen that the printing wire 34a extends from the interior surface 56 to the exterior surface 57.
  • the interior surface 56 adjacent each wire 34 is etched away to form a recess 60, see FIGURE 3, in the interior surface adjacent each wire of the matrix and the wire indicated at 34 is shortened.
  • the inner or interior surface 56 of the tube is then coated with a conductive material such as 62 which is also deposited in a thin layer 64 in each recess 60, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • Controlling the thickness of the deposit or coatings 62 and 64 by vapor depositation from a source in a vacuum located, for example, in a plane parallel to surface 56, causes the deposit to be of variable thickness and enables it to exercise certain control functions such as electrical isolation of the wires 34 from each other.
  • the provision of a coating in each recess which is thinner than the coating on the interior surface will provide a higher resistance value in the recesses which results in electrical isolation of the associated wires since the electrons will preferentially be conducted by the surface coating.
  • the conductive coating is suitably connected to a resistor 40, which is across the voltage supply 22 for the purpose of biasing the wires 34 just below the writing or discharge potential.
  • An electrostatic printing tube in which a plurality of conductive elements are successively scanned by an electron beam for recording on a dielectric, the improvement comprising a dielectric face plate in which said elements are carried in parallel relationship and are separated one from the other by the dielectric material, said face plate having a plurality of recesses formed in its interior surface with each of said elements extending from the deepest portion of a respective recess to the exterior surface of said plate whereby their parallel lengths are reduced to thereby limit their capacitive relationship to each other, and including a conductive surface coating covering the interior surface of said plate and extending into said recesses for connecting said elements in common to a source of bias.
  • An electrostatic printing tube in which a plurality of conductors extend from the interior to the exterior surface of the dielectric face of the tube and are charged successively by an electron beam for enabling a discharge through a dielectric recording material for reproducing an image, the improvement comprising an undulating interior surface for said face with each of said conductors extending from the point at which a respective undulation is closest to the exterior surface, and a conductive coating covering said interior surface and thereby connecting said conductors in common, and means connecting said coating to a source of bias.
  • An electrostatic printing tube having a plurality of conductive elements extending from the interior to the exterior of said tube for reproducing respective charges applied thereto by discharge at the exterior end thereof through a dielectric, comprising a dielectric face plate in which said elements are carried in parallel relationship and are separated one from the other by the dielectric material, said face plate having a plurality of recesses formed therein with each element extending from a corresponding recess to the exterior surface of said plate, and a thin conductive coating on the interior of said plate and in said recesses for connecting each element in common to a bias source.

Description

Nov. 17, 1964 J. J. STONE, JR 7,
ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING TUBE HAVING UNIQUE ANODE STRUCTUR Filed March 14, 1960 FIG. 1
DEFLECT/ON SIGNAL sou/m5 livmvslrr CONTROL SIGNAL SOURCE FIG 3 {PR/0R ART) la. 2
INVENTOR. Joseph James Sfone Jr BY United States Patent O 3,157,811 ELECTRQSTATIC PRINTHNG TUBE HAVENG UNHQUE ANUDE STRUCTURE loseph James Stone, in, Gienview, ill, assignor to A. B. Dish Company, Niles, lit, a corporation of lllinois Filed Mar. 14, 195i), Ser. No. 14,686 4 Claims. (ill. 313-43) This invention relates in general to an improved electrostatic printing arrangement, and more particularly to an arrangement for improving both the resolution of images secured by means of electrostatic printing tubes and the tube structure.
In known electrostatic printing arrangements such as that disclosed in an application by John S. Tregay, lr., filed May 10, 1957, Serial No. 658,275, now abandoned a conventional cathode ray tube is modified by the .provision of an array of wires in its face which extend from the interior surface of the face to the exterior surface. A high voltage beam of electrons is varied in accordance with a desired image and traverses the interior terminations of the array of wires embedded in the non-conductive face of the tube to cause a discharge through a dielectric or printing paper passing adjacent to the exterior wire terminations at a desired speed. This arrangement although producing satisfactory images does give rise to some ditiiculties in resolution due to the capacitive eifect of the wires in the matrix.
Thus the dielectric is located between the wires and an exterior electrode maintained at ground or anode potential, while the respective Wires are charged toward the cathode potential. This creates a charged condition therebetween which is satisfied only by discharge through the dielectric, and on initiation of the discharge, it continues until complete. If the discharge period is extended, it may result in poor definition of the discharge area marked on the dielectric.
In addition, problems arising from high beam currents, the wire to wire capacitance, secondary emission and a host of interrelated electrical conditions, all contribute to the problems of securing good reliable image resolution.
It is, therefore, proposed by the present invention to electrically load each wire to alleviate the described bstacles.
The effect of loading or biasing on the Wires to a value just below the discharge or writing potential makes possible a decrease in the electron beam current required to drive the wires above the writing potential. It further reduces the intercapacitive effects between the wire and enables the collection of secondary electrons.
To accomplish this, the conductor or wire adjacent to the inner surface of the tube face and a portion of the inner face are etched away to form depressions at the wires. A conductive coating is then applied to the inner tube surface with a thinner conductive coating deposited in the depressions, after which the coating may be either grounded or connected to an external voltage source. The grid structure forming the overall inner surface coating, thus collects secondary electrons to permit increased resolution by restricting the writing area. Thereduced parallel length of each wire also serves to reduce its capacitive effect and permits the use of a larger number of wires. Thus the use of thicker matrix arrays provides a more sturdy tube arrangement.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electrostatic printing tube having improved image resolution.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved means for reducing capacitance between the printing wires of the array and the electrostatic printing tube.
' 3,15I,8ll Patented Nov. 17, 1954 it is another object of the present invention to provide an arrangement permitting the use of lower beam current in an electrostatic printing tube.
Another object is to increase the sensitivity of an electrostatic printing tube by providing an improved bias arrangement for the wire array.
It is still another object of this invention to reduce the eifects of secondary electrons in an electrostatic printing tube.
A feature of this invention is the means for biasing the wires of an array in an electrostatic printing tube.
It is another feature of this invention to coat the interior surface of the face of an electrostatic printing tube with a conductive material for reducing capacitive and secondary electron effect.
These and other objects, features and advantages of this invention will become apparent on reading the following specifications and claims in conjunction with the drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a standard cathode ray tube of the type used in electrostatic printing modified by the application of an inner surface coating.
FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view showing the manner in which a wire conductor is arranged in the usual electrostatic printing tube.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 2, showing a portion of inner surface .and wire as etched away and FIGS. 4 and 5 show respective front and side views of portions of the tube face with the conductive coating applied.
Referring now to FIG. 1 showing a cross section of the electrostatic printing tube incorporating the principles of the present invention, it will be seen that the tube indicated at lit) is similar to a conventional cathode ray tube. It includes an evacuated envelope 12, which carries a cathode 14, a control grid 13 connected to a suitable signal source 15, an anode or accelerating electrode 16, a focus coil 18 and a deflection coil 20. The cathode is connected to the negative terminal of high voltage supply 22.
The deflection coil 2G is controlled from a suitable defiection signal source 28, for controlling the beam produced at the cathode 14 while the beam is modulated by the si nals from source 15 for reproducing an image represented by those signals.
In addition, the tube includes any well known type of face plate 32 of dielectric material in which the wires 34 are carried or embedded. Adjacent the terminations of the wires, exterior of the tube, a suitable dielectric material 36 is provided for recording the image. It is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow and has associated on its other side a conductor 38, at ground potential whereby discharge from the wires through the dielectric is accomplished.
In operation, the electron beam is of course directed to the various wires 34, in accordance with the desired scanning rate, while the image reproducing dielectric 36 passes adjacent the external terminations of the wires.
The control grid 13 is controlled in accordance with the signals introduced thereto from signal source 15. These signals represent the image to be reproduced and modulate the beam emitted by 14 accordingly.
The potential source 22 furnishes a voltage of sufiicient magnitude to provide a beam which need not be operated at the high voltages previously used, but instead at just above the writing voltage. This is due to the bias voltage applied to the wires 34 through coating 62. In addition, by the suitable choice of bias values, secondary electrons emitted as a result of the beam striking the face or Wires are prevented from migrating to the exterior face to affect image resolutions.
Thus each wire 34 is energized in sequence and repetitively as the beam sweeps across the tube face at a rate determined by the deflection signal source 28.
The degree of charge imparted to each wire 34 is dependent on the modulation from signal source 15 at the time of impact. Due to the reduced parallel length of the wires 34, the capacitance between the wires is substan tially reduced. Because of this, and factors already discussed, the decay time of each discharge between a wire 34, through dielectric 36 to ground at 38, is considerably shortened and otherwise confined to provide improved image resolution.
Referring now to FIG. 2 in which a portion of the face plate 55a of a standard electrostatic printing tube is shown, it will be seen that the printing wire 34a extends from the interior surface 56 to the exterior surface 57. In accordance with the practice of this invention, the interior surface 56 adjacent each wire 34 is etched away to form a recess 60, see FIGURE 3, in the interior surface adjacent each wire of the matrix and the wire indicated at 34 is shortened. The inner or interior surface 56 of the tube is then coated with a conductive material such as 62 which is also deposited in a thin layer 64 in each recess 60, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. Controlling the thickness of the deposit or coatings 62 and 64 by vapor depositation from a source in a vacuum located, for example, in a plane parallel to surface 56, causes the deposit to be of variable thickness and enables it to exercise certain control functions such as electrical isolation of the wires 34 from each other. Thus, the provision of a coating in each recess which is thinner than the coating on the interior surface will provide a higher resistance value in the recesses which results in electrical isolation of the associated wires since the electrons will preferentially be conducted by the surface coating. The conductive coating is suitably connected to a resistor 40, which is across the voltage supply 22 for the purpose of biasing the wires 34 just below the writing or discharge potential.
In accordance with the above, there has been shown and described herein a novel, useful and simple arrangement for improving the operation of an electrostatic writing tube, but the particular embodiments or forms of the invention described herein are not limitations upon other manners of practicing the invention.
I claim:
1. An electrostatic printing tube in which a plurality of conductive elements are successively scanned by an electron beam for recording on a dielectric, the improvement comprising a dielectric face plate in which said elements are carried in parallel relationship and are separated one from the other by the dielectric material, said face plate having a plurality of recesses formed in its interior surface with each of said elements extending from the deepest portion of a respective recess to the exterior surface of said plate whereby their parallel lengths are reduced to thereby limit their capacitive relationship to each other, and including a conductive surface coating covering the interior surface of said plate and extending into said recesses for connecting said elements in common to a source of bias.
2. The arrangement claimed in claim 1 in which said coating is thinner in each recess than on other portions of said interior surface whereby said thinner coating provides a resistance value for electrical isolation of said elements.
3. An electrostatic printing tube in which a plurality of conductors extend from the interior to the exterior surface of the dielectric face of the tube and are charged successively by an electron beam for enabling a discharge through a dielectric recording material for reproducing an image, the improvement comprising an undulating interior surface for said face with each of said conductors extending from the point at which a respective undulation is closest to the exterior surface, and a conductive coating covering said interior surface and thereby connecting said conductors in common, and means connecting said coating to a source of bias.
4. An electrostatic printing tube having a plurality of conductive elements extending from the interior to the exterior of said tube for reproducing respective charges applied thereto by discharge at the exterior end thereof through a dielectric, comprising a dielectric face plate in which said elements are carried in parallel relationship and are separated one from the other by the dielectric material, said face plate having a plurality of recesses formed therein with each element extending from a corresponding recess to the exterior surface of said plate, and a thin conductive coating on the interior of said plate and in said recesses for connecting each element in common to a bias source.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,291,476 Kernkamp July 28, 1942 2,879,422 Borden et al Mar. 24, 1959 2,952,796 Crews et a1 Sept. 13, 1960 2,963,606 Crews et al Dec. 6, 1960 2,978,607 Borden Apr. 4, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS 574,078 Great Britain Dec. 19, 1945

Claims (1)

  1. 3. AN ELECTROSTATIC PRINTING TUBE IN WHICH A PLURALITY OF CONDUCTORS EXTEND FROM THE INTERIOR TO THE EXTERIOR SURFACE OF THE DIELECTRIC FACE OF THE TUBE AND ARE CHARGED SUCCESSIVELY BY AN ELECTRON BEAM FOR ENABLING A DISCHARGE THROUGH A DIELECTRIC RECORDING MATERIAL FOR REPRODUCING AN IMAGE, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING AN UNDULATING INTERIOR SURFACE FOR SAID FACE WITH EACH OF SAID CONDUCTORS EXTENDING FROM THE POINT AT WHICH A RESPECTIVE UNDULATION IS CLOSET TO THE EXTERIOR SURFACE, AND A CONDUCTIVE COATING COVERING SAID INTERIOR SURFACE AND THEREBY CONNECTING SAID CONDUCTORS IN COMMON, AND MEANS CONNECTING SAID COATING TO A SOURCE OF BIAS.
US14686A 1960-03-14 1960-03-14 Electrostatic printing tube having unique anode structure Expired - Lifetime US3157811A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL262099D NL262099A (en) 1960-03-14
NL122086D NL122086C (en) 1960-03-14
US14686A US3157811A (en) 1960-03-14 1960-03-14 Electrostatic printing tube having unique anode structure
GB7889/61A GB942280A (en) 1960-03-14 1961-03-03 Electrostatic printing tube
FR855261A FR1283563A (en) 1960-03-14 1961-03-10 Cathode ray tube for electrostatic printing
DED35629A DE1194508B (en) 1960-03-14 1961-03-11 Electrostatic cathode ray writing tube

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US14686A US3157811A (en) 1960-03-14 1960-03-14 Electrostatic printing tube having unique anode structure

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3321657A (en) * 1962-12-18 1967-05-23 American Optical Corp Electrostatic printing cathode ray tube with conducting wires in face plate
US3341728A (en) * 1966-08-04 1967-09-12 Horizons Inc Film-recording cathode ray tube with open slit in a face-plate mounted film guiding vacuum frame
US3531675A (en) * 1967-02-28 1970-09-29 Tektronix Inc Cathode ray storage tube having a target dielectric with collector electrodes extending therethrough
US3937997A (en) * 1974-09-13 1976-02-10 Dene Barrett Cathode-ray tube signal generator having resistance configurated electron receptor
US4282456A (en) * 1978-09-08 1981-08-04 Tektronix, Inc. Faceplate for an electrostatic printing tube and method of making same
US7334871B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2008-02-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Fluid-ejection device and methods of forming same

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2291476A (en) * 1941-10-08 1942-07-28 Clarence F Kernkamp Communication system
GB574078A (en) * 1942-12-31 1945-12-19 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvement in method and apparatus for recording signals electrically
US2879422A (en) * 1958-02-07 1959-03-24 Dick Co Ab Electrostatic writing tube
US2952796A (en) * 1957-05-13 1960-09-13 Dick Co Ab Electrostatic printing tube
US2963606A (en) * 1959-05-07 1960-12-06 Dick Co Ab Target for an electrostatic writing tube
US2978607A (en) * 1958-02-07 1961-04-04 Dick Co Ab Electrostatic writing tube

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2291476A (en) * 1941-10-08 1942-07-28 Clarence F Kernkamp Communication system
GB574078A (en) * 1942-12-31 1945-12-19 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvement in method and apparatus for recording signals electrically
US2952796A (en) * 1957-05-13 1960-09-13 Dick Co Ab Electrostatic printing tube
US2879422A (en) * 1958-02-07 1959-03-24 Dick Co Ab Electrostatic writing tube
US2978607A (en) * 1958-02-07 1961-04-04 Dick Co Ab Electrostatic writing tube
US2963606A (en) * 1959-05-07 1960-12-06 Dick Co Ab Target for an electrostatic writing tube

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3321657A (en) * 1962-12-18 1967-05-23 American Optical Corp Electrostatic printing cathode ray tube with conducting wires in face plate
US3341728A (en) * 1966-08-04 1967-09-12 Horizons Inc Film-recording cathode ray tube with open slit in a face-plate mounted film guiding vacuum frame
US3531675A (en) * 1967-02-28 1970-09-29 Tektronix Inc Cathode ray storage tube having a target dielectric with collector electrodes extending therethrough
US3937997A (en) * 1974-09-13 1976-02-10 Dene Barrett Cathode-ray tube signal generator having resistance configurated electron receptor
US4282456A (en) * 1978-09-08 1981-08-04 Tektronix, Inc. Faceplate for an electrostatic printing tube and method of making same
US7334871B2 (en) 2004-03-26 2008-02-26 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Fluid-ejection device and methods of forming same

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NL262099A (en)
GB942280A (en) 1963-11-20
NL122086C (en)

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