US3146105A - Lithographic process using a stop bath - Google Patents

Lithographic process using a stop bath Download PDF

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US3146105A
US3146105A US237837A US23783762A US3146105A US 3146105 A US3146105 A US 3146105A US 237837 A US237837 A US 237837A US 23783762 A US23783762 A US 23783762A US 3146105 A US3146105 A US 3146105A
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acid
layer
stop bath
silver halide
weight
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US237837A
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Kenneth L Wrisley
William E Guthrie
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority to FR847441A priority patent/FR1280832A/en
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Priority to US237837A priority patent/US3146105A/en
Priority to DE19631447893 priority patent/DE1447893C/en
Priority to FR953877A priority patent/FR84742E/en
Priority to GB45166/63A priority patent/GB1057389A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/268—Processing baths not provided for elsewhere, e.g. pre-treatment, stop, intermediate or rinse baths
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
    • G03F7/06—Silver salts

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  • This invention concerns photographic lithographic printing plates comprising a silver halide photographic emulsion containing a developing agent and, more particularly, a stop bath for use in processing these lithographic printing plates.
  • the exposed plates are normally developed in an alkaline activator and then placed in an acid stop bath before being placed on the printing press or offset duplicator.
  • an acid stop bath we have found that the addition of benzyl alcohol to the acid stop bath improves the lithographic differcntiation of the plate by making the background more water-receptive without affecting the ink receptivity of the image. This makes the plate less susceptible to scumming or background inking when it is used on the printing press.
  • One object of this invention is to provide a process for obtaining a photographic lithographic printing plate having improved resistance to scumming. Another object is to provide an improved acid stop bath for processing lithographic printing plates. An additional object is to provide a process for improving the lithographic dilferentiation of the plate by making the background more water-receptive without affecting the ink-receptivity of the image. Additional objects will be apparent fi'om the following disclosure.
  • the above objects are obtained by using a stop bath containing benzyl alcohol along with a solvent for the benzyl alcohol and an acid such as phosphoric acid.
  • This formulation is a concentrated form which is diluted with water to make a working solution as required for the particular photographic plate to be processed. Dilution of this concentrate to about 1:8 with water is recommended as a good working solution.
  • the benzyl alcohol is the critical component of the stop bath and can be varied between about 1 to by weight of the working stop bath solution depending upon the printing conditions. Additional levels of benzyl alcohol can be used above 10% by weight of the solution, but if the concentration becomes too high, blinding of the printing plate will result.
  • the triethylene glycol serves as a solvent for the benzyl alcohol but any common solvent for benzyl alcohol and water can be used in an amount necessary to solubilize the benzyl alcohol. An excess of the common solvent can be used without impairing the operating effectiveness of the stop bath.
  • other common solvents which can be used include ethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, and the like. It will be appreciated that since there is a large number of common solvents, a listing of every common solvent here would not be practical.
  • phosphoric acid is the preferred acid, it will be appreciated that other acids can be used which have similar properties with respect to dissociation constant, such as acetic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, etc.
  • the amount of acid may be from 1 to 10% by weight of the working solution.
  • FIG. 1 a negative-positive process is illustrated and in FIG. 2 is shown a positive-positive process.
  • layer 10 of the element of Stage 1 represents a support such as paper, film base, etc.
  • layer 11 is a hydrophilic agent and a quantity of black colloidal silver or carbon black, etc., for antihalation protection
  • layer 12 a gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer for recording the line or halftone image.
  • FIG. 2 is shown a positive-positive system in Stage 1 of which the element includes a support 20 such as a paper or film support, layer 21 an antihalation hydrophilic colloid layer containing developing agent and black colloidal silver, carbon black, etc., layer 22 a hydrophilic organic colloid silver halide emulsion layer, and layer 23 a fogged silver halide emulsion layer.
  • the element Upon image exposure in region 24 followed by alkaline activation, stop bath and inking, the element appears substantially as shown in Stage 2, the silver halide developing agent of layer 21 which has not been utilized in developing the negative silver image in area 24 of layer 22 having developed a positive silver halide image to silver in areas 25 of layer 23.
  • the ink images 26 are accepted in areas 25 which are composed of silver and the reaction product of the hydrophilic organic colloid present in the silver halide emulsion layer and the oxidized developing agent.
  • the remaining areas 27 are hydrophilic and repel printing ink when the plate is moistened in the lithographic printing press.
  • the emulsion layers should be substantially hardened, particularly the outermost emulsion layer, e.g., layer 12 of FIG. 1 and layer 23 of FIG. 2, in order to prevent the alkaline activated, stopped and inked emulsions from adhering to printing blankets, printing paper, etc.
  • the emulsion should be as hard as a gelatin layer containing at least about 2 grams and preferably from about 2 to 15 grams of dry formaldehyde per pound of gelatin.
  • the developing. agent is incorporated in a separate layer under the silver halide emulsion layer since this arrangement gives improved sharpness, latitude and better quality ink images than when the developing agent is incorporated directly in the emulsion layer.
  • Example 1 The element of Example 1 of US. Serial No. 861,125, filed December 21, 1959, was exposed to a line negative,
  • the film was placed in a 2 percent phosphoric acid stop bath for 20 seconds and then placed on a Model 1250 Multilith Duplictor using Van Son, ink and Repelex fountain solution.
  • the resulting printed copy had considerable scum in the background areas.
  • Example 2 The element of Example 2 of US. Ser. No. 861,125 was exposed and processed as described in Example 1.
  • a 2% phosphoric acid stop bath was used and considerable trouble with scum was encountered on the printed copies using Addressograph Multigraph ink, ML-36 and the Repelex fountain solution.
  • a stop bath having our preferred formulation diluted to contain about 2% phosphoric acid was substituted for the phosphoric acid stop bath and the printed copy from the photographic plate treated in this manner showed no scum problem. This process with the same formulation of the improved stop bath was used for a period of five weeks without encountering any scumming problem.
  • Example 3 The sensitive element of Example 3 of US. Ser No. 861,125 was exposed to a line positive, processed 60 seconds in 4 percent aqueous sodium carbonate monohydrate solution, treated in a 2 percent aqueous acetic acid stop bath for 1 minute and squeegeed to remove excess liquid.
  • This plate was used on a A. B. Dick Duplicator using A. B. Dick 21010 ink and Repelex fountain solution. Considerable scum was encountered in the resulting prints. A duplicate print was then prepared and processed as above employing our preferred embodiment diluted to contain about 2% phosphoric acid as the stop bath. No scum was encountered.
  • a concentrated photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising about 14% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 13% by weight phosphoric acid, and about 73% by weight triethylene glycol.
  • a photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- by weight of an acid selected from the class consisting of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid and citric acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
  • a photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- 10% by weight of phosphoric acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
  • a photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1 10% by weight of acetic acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
  • a photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 1-10% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- 10% by weight of glycolic acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
  • a photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- 10% by weight of citric acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
  • the process for producing a silver image in an exposed photographic element comprising a support having thereon in order, a first layer comprising a silver halide developing agent capable of oxidation in the presence of a hydrophilic organic colloid to form an image receptive to greasy printing inks, a second layer comprising an exposed hydrophilic organic colloid silver halide emulsion and the third layer comprising a fogged hydrophilic organic colloid silver halide emulsion containing a hardener, in which the colloid has a hardness equivalent to that of a gelatin layer containing from about 2 grams to about 15 grams of dry formaldehyde per pound of gelatin, comprising:

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)

Description

Aug. 25, 1964 K. L. WRISLEY ETAL 3,146,105
LITHOGRAPHIC PROCESS USING A STOP BATH Filed NOV. 15, 1962 EXPOSURE r I2 7 W V EMULSION DEVELOPING AGENT Y ALKALINE ACTIVNION, STOP BAITLINKING SUPPORT Fig.
EMULSION OGGED) Ems/m ALKALINE ACTIVATION, STOP BATH "wake KennelhLwp-isleg WillialnE.Gulhrie 1N VENTORS United States Patent 3,146,105 LITHOGRAPHIC PROCESS USING A STOP BATH Kenneth L. Wrisley and William E. Guthrie, Rochester,
N.Y., assignors to Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New Jersey Filed Nov. 15, 1962, Ser. No. 237,837 16 Claims. (Cl. %-33) This invention concerns photographic lithographic printing plates comprising a silver halide photographic emulsion containing a developing agent and, more particularly, a stop bath for use in processing these lithographic printing plates.
In U.S. patent application Serial No. 861,125, filed December 21, 1958, in the names of Yackel and Abbott, is disclosed a photographic method for preparing lithographic printing plates which involves the formation of a developable silver halide image, as by means of exposure to a line or halftone subject, of a hydrophilic organic colloid-silver halide film, such as a gelatino-silver halide sensitized plate, followed by silver halide development.
The exposed plates are normally developed in an alkaline activator and then placed in an acid stop bath before being placed on the printing press or offset duplicator. In our invention, we have found that the addition of benzyl alcohol to the acid stop bath improves the lithographic differcntiation of the plate by making the background more water-receptive without affecting the ink receptivity of the image. This makes the plate less susceptible to scumming or background inking when it is used on the printing press.
One object of this invention is to provide a process for obtaining a photographic lithographic printing plate having improved resistance to scumming. Another object is to provide an improved acid stop bath for processing lithographic printing plates. An additional object is to provide a process for improving the lithographic dilferentiation of the plate by making the background more water-receptive without affecting the ink-receptivity of the image. Additional objects will be apparent fi'om the following disclosure.
The above objects are obtained by using a stop bath containing benzyl alcohol along with a solvent for the benzyl alcohol and an acid such as phosphoric acid.
The following concentrated stop bath formula gives our preferred composition:
Percent by weight Benzyl alcohol 14.0 Triethylene glycol 72.8 Phosphoric acid (85%) 13.2
This formulation is a concentrated form which is diluted with water to make a working solution as required for the particular photographic plate to be processed. Dilution of this concentrate to about 1:8 with water is recommended as a good working solution.
The benzyl alcohol is the critical component of the stop bath and can be varied between about 1 to by weight of the working stop bath solution depending upon the printing conditions. Additional levels of benzyl alcohol can be used above 10% by weight of the solution, but if the concentration becomes too high, blinding of the printing plate will result.
The triethylene glycol serves as a solvent for the benzyl alcohol but any common solvent for benzyl alcohol and water can be used in an amount necessary to solubilize the benzyl alcohol. An excess of the common solvent can be used without impairing the operating effectiveness of the stop bath. For instance, other common solvents which can be used include ethyl alcohol, 2-ethoxyethanol, and the like. It will be appreciated that since there is a large number of common solvents, a listing of every common solvent here would not be practical.
Although phosphoric acid is the preferred acid, it will be appreciated that other acids can be used which have similar properties with respect to dissociation constant, such as acetic acid, glycolic acid, citric acid, etc. The amount of acid may be from 1 to 10% by weight of the working solution.
In the accompanying drawings representative sensitive elements of the process are shown in greatly enlarged cross-sectional views at various stages of the preparation of lithographic printing plates.
In FIG. 1 a negative-positive process is illustrated and in FIG. 2 is shown a positive-positive process.
In FIG. 1, layer 10 of the element of Stage 1 represents a support such as paper, film base, etc., layer 11 is a hydrophilic agent and a quantity of black colloidal silver or carbon black, etc., for antihalation protection, layer 12 a gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer for recording the line or halftone image.
In the process of FIG. 1, after exposure to a subject as shown in area 13, followed by alkaline activation, stop bath, and inking, the element appears substantially as shown in Stage 2, area 14 being composed of silver and the reaction product of the oxidized developing agent and the hydrophilic organic colloid present in the silver halide emulsion layer produced in the development reaction, carrying the ink image 15, the undeveloped area 16 of layer 12 remaining hydrophilic and repellent of printing ink when moistened with water.
In FIG. 2 is shown a positive-positive system in Stage 1 of which the element includes a support 20 such as a paper or film support, layer 21 an antihalation hydrophilic colloid layer containing developing agent and black colloidal silver, carbon black, etc., layer 22 a hydrophilic organic colloid silver halide emulsion layer, and layer 23 a fogged silver halide emulsion layer. Upon image exposure in region 24 followed by alkaline activation, stop bath and inking, the element appears substantially as shown in Stage 2, the silver halide developing agent of layer 21 which has not been utilized in developing the negative silver image in area 24 of layer 22 having developed a positive silver halide image to silver in areas 25 of layer 23. The ink images 26 are accepted in areas 25 which are composed of silver and the reaction product of the hydrophilic organic colloid present in the silver halide emulsion layer and the oxidized developing agent. The remaining areas 27 are hydrophilic and repel printing ink when the plate is moistened in the lithographic printing press.
In the sensitive elements described, the emulsion layers should be substantially hardened, particularly the outermost emulsion layer, e.g., layer 12 of FIG. 1 and layer 23 of FIG. 2, in order to prevent the alkaline activated, stopped and inked emulsions from adhering to printing blankets, printing paper, etc. For this purpose the emulsion should be as hard as a gelatin layer containing at least about 2 grams and preferably from about 2 to 15 grams of dry formaldehyde per pound of gelatin.
In the preferred arrangement, the developing. agent is incorporated in a separate layer under the silver halide emulsion layer since this arrangement gives improved sharpness, latitude and better quality ink images than when the developing agent is incorporated directly in the emulsion layer.
The following examples are intended to illustrate our invention but not to limit it in any way.
Example 1 The element of Example 1 of US. Serial No. 861,125, filed December 21, 1959, was exposed to a line negative,
:3 then activated for 20 seconds in a 4 percent solution of sodium carbonate monohydrate.
The film was placed in a 2 percent phosphoric acid stop bath for 20 seconds and then placed on a Model 1250 Multilith Duplictor using Van Son, ink and Repelex fountain solution.
The resulting printed copy had considerable scum in the background areas.
A duplicate photographic printing plate prepared employing the stop bath disclosed above in our preferred embodiment, diluted to contain about 2% phosphoric acid for 20 seconds and run on the same duplictor with the same ink and fountain solution gave printed copy which had a crisp black image and no traces of background scumming.
Example 2 The element of Example 2 of US. Ser. No. 861,125 was exposed and processed as described in Example 1.
A 2% phosphoric acid stop bath was used and considerable trouble with scum was encountered on the printed copies using Addressograph Multigraph ink, ML-36 and the Repelex fountain solution. A stop bath having our preferred formulation diluted to contain about 2% phosphoric acid was substituted for the phosphoric acid stop bath and the printed copy from the photographic plate treated in this manner showed no scum problem. This process with the same formulation of the improved stop bath was used for a period of five weeks without encountering any scumming problem.
Example 3 The sensitive element of Example 3 of US. Ser No. 861,125 was exposed to a line positive, processed 60 seconds in 4 percent aqueous sodium carbonate monohydrate solution, treated in a 2 percent aqueous acetic acid stop bath for 1 minute and squeegeed to remove excess liquid.
This plate was used on a A. B. Dick Duplicator using A. B. Dick 21010 ink and Repelex fountain solution. Considerable scum was encountered in the resulting prints. A duplicate print was then prepared and processed as above employing our preferred embodiment diluted to contain about 2% phosphoric acid as the stop bath. No scum was encountered.
The Repelex fountain solution used in this invention is disclosed in Van Dusen US. Patent 2,393,875, issued January 29, 1946.
Many treatments are known to improve ink-water differentiation and prevent scumming on litho plates. Pretreatment of the plate with an acid solution of acetamide has been used to increase the hydrophilicity of the plate. Scumming of inks, particularly those with slow drying characteristics, can often be prevented'by the addition of ethylene glycols or polyglycols such as Carbowax 600 to the inks used for lithographic printing. Fountain solutions are sometimes modified with formamide to prevent scumming. When the stop bath of our invention is used, such modification of the ink or solutions is not necessary.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention as described hereinabove and as defined in the appended claims.
We claim:
1. A concentrated photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising about 14% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 13% by weight phosphoric acid, and about 73% by weight triethylene glycol.
2. A photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- by weight of an acid selected from the class consisting of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid and citric acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
3. A photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- 10% by weight of phosphoric acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
4. A photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1 10% by weight of acetic acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
5. A photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 1-10% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- 10% by weight of glycolic acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
6. A photographic stop bath for use with lithographic printing plates comprising an aqueous solution and between about 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 1- 10% by weight of citric acid, and a water miscible organic solvent.
7. The process of producing a lithographic printing plate from an exposed photographic element comprising a support having thereon a gelatin layer containing therein a silver halide developing agent capable of oxidation in the presence of a hydrophilic organic colloid to form an image receptive to greasy printing ink, and over said gelatin layer on exposed hydrophilic organic colloid silver halide emulsion containing a hardener, in which the colloid has a hardness equivalent to that of a gelatin layer containing from about 2 grams to about 15 grams of dry formaldehyde per pound of gelatin, comprising:
(1) initiating the development of the exposed emulsion layer with an alkaline solution, thereby forming an image, and
(2) arresting the developing action by means of an aqueous solution containing 1-10% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 110% by weight of an acid selected from the class consisting of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid and citric acid and an organic water miscible solvent.
8. The process of claim 7 in which the acid is phosphoric acid.
9. The process of claim 7 in which the acid is acetic acid.
10. The process of claim 7 in which the acid is glycolic acid.
11. The process of claim 7 in which the acid is citric 7 acid.
12. The process for producing a silver image in an exposed photographic element comprising a support having thereon in order, a first layer comprising a silver halide developing agent capable of oxidation in the presence of a hydrophilic organic colloid to form an image receptive to greasy printing inks, a second layer comprising an exposed hydrophilic organic colloid silver halide emulsion and the third layer comprising a fogged hydrophilic organic colloid silver halide emulsion containing a hardener, in which the colloid has a hardness equivalent to that of a gelatin layer containing from about 2 grams to about 15 grams of dry formaldehyde per pound of gelatin, comprising:
(1) initiating the development of the exposed sensitive element with an alkaline solution thereby forming a negative image in the second layer and a positive image in the third layer resulting from the migration to the third layer of the unused silver halide developing agent present in the unexposed areas of the second layer, and
(2) arresting the developing action by means of an aqueous solution containing 110% by weight benzyl alcohol, about 110% by weight of an acid selected from the class consisting of phosphoric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid and citric acid, and a water rniS- cible organic solvent.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Bruson Apr. 24, 1945 Yackel et al Aug, 19, 1952 Kimura et a1 May 27, 1958 Wendell Feb. 3, 195-9 Kimura et al Apr. 18, 1961

Claims (1)

  1. 7. THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING A LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATE FROM AN EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC ELEMENT COMPRISING A SUPPORT HAVING THEREON A GELATIN LAYER CONTAINING THEREIN A SILVER HALIDE DEVELOPING AGENT CAPABLE OF OXIDATION IN THE PRESENCE OF A HYDROPHILIC ORGANIC COLLOID TO FORM AN IMAGE RECEPTIVE TO GREASY PRINTING INK, AND OVER SAID GELATIN LAYER ON EXPOSED HYDROPHILIC ORGANIC COLLOID SILVER HALIDE EMULSION CONTAINING A HARDENER, IN WHICH THE COLLOID HAS A HARDNESS EQUIVALENT TO THAT OF A GELATIN LAYER CONTAINING FROM ABOUT 2 GRAMS TO ABOUT 15 GRAMS OF DRY FORMALDEHYDE PER POUND OF GELATIN, COMPRISING: (1) INITIATING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXPOSED EMULSION LAYER WITH AN ALKALINE SOLUTION, THEREBY FORMING AN IMAGE, AND (2) ARRESTING THE DEVELOPING ACTION BY MEANS OF AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONTAINING 1-10% BY WEIGHT BENZYL ALCOHOL, ABOUT 1-10% BY WEIGHT OF AN ACID SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF PHOSPHORIC ACID, ACETIC ACID, GLYCOLIC ACID AND CITRIC ACID AND AN ORGANIC WATER MISCIBLE SOLVENT.
US237837A 1962-11-15 1962-11-15 Lithographic process using a stop bath Expired - Lifetime US3146105A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE639874D BE639874A (en) 1962-11-15
FR847441A FR1280832A (en) 1962-11-15 1960-12-20 New process for the preparation of a lithographic plate and new photographic product for the implementation of this process
US237837A US3146105A (en) 1962-11-15 1962-11-15 Lithographic process using a stop bath
DE19631447893 DE1447893C (en) 1962-11-15 1963-10-01 Process for the production of lithographic printing plates
FR953877A FR84742E (en) 1962-11-15 1963-11-15 New process for the preparation of a lithographic plate and new photographic product for the implementation of this process
GB45166/63A GB1057389A (en) 1962-11-15 1963-11-15 Methods of producing and stop baths for photographic lithographic printing plates

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3326685A (en) * 1964-04-27 1967-06-20 Eastman Kodak Co Lithographic process using a stop bath
US3941595A (en) * 1971-11-20 1976-03-02 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Photographic material containing fogged, direct positive silver halide emulsion and negative silver halide emulsion for the production of equidensities
US4173477A (en) * 1976-07-16 1979-11-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic material with developer in AzX emulsion and sublayer
US6025118A (en) * 1998-05-12 2000-02-15 Sony Corporation Glassmastering photoresist read after write method and system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2374327A (en) * 1942-02-28 1945-04-24 Resinous Prod & Chemical Co Esters of gamme-acetyl-gamme-methylpimelic acid
US2607683A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-08-19 Eastman Kodak Co Method of making a hydrolyzed cellulose ester printing plate
US2836493A (en) * 1956-07-02 1958-05-27 Morton Chemical Co Photographic shortstop concentrates
US2872351A (en) * 1953-11-14 1959-02-03 Bohme Fettchemie Gmbh Compositions for and methods of finishing textile materials
US2980536A (en) * 1956-07-02 1961-04-18 Morton Chemical Co Photographic shortstop compositions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2374327A (en) * 1942-02-28 1945-04-24 Resinous Prod & Chemical Co Esters of gamme-acetyl-gamme-methylpimelic acid
US2607683A (en) * 1948-07-17 1952-08-19 Eastman Kodak Co Method of making a hydrolyzed cellulose ester printing plate
US2872351A (en) * 1953-11-14 1959-02-03 Bohme Fettchemie Gmbh Compositions for and methods of finishing textile materials
US2836493A (en) * 1956-07-02 1958-05-27 Morton Chemical Co Photographic shortstop concentrates
US2980536A (en) * 1956-07-02 1961-04-18 Morton Chemical Co Photographic shortstop compositions

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3326685A (en) * 1964-04-27 1967-06-20 Eastman Kodak Co Lithographic process using a stop bath
US3941595A (en) * 1971-11-20 1976-03-02 Agfa-Gevaert, A.G. Photographic material containing fogged, direct positive silver halide emulsion and negative silver halide emulsion for the production of equidensities
US4173477A (en) * 1976-07-16 1979-11-06 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic material with developer in AzX emulsion and sublayer
US6025118A (en) * 1998-05-12 2000-02-15 Sony Corporation Glassmastering photoresist read after write method and system

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DE1447893B2 (en) 1972-07-06
GB1057389A (en) 1967-02-01
FR84742E (en) 1965-04-02
BE639874A (en)
DE1447893A1 (en) 1969-01-02
FR1280832A (en) 1962-01-08

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