US3116189A - Plastic explosive composition - Google Patents

Plastic explosive composition Download PDF

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US3116189A
US3116189A US120445A US12044561A US3116189A US 3116189 A US3116189 A US 3116189A US 120445 A US120445 A US 120445A US 12044561 A US12044561 A US 12044561A US 3116189 A US3116189 A US 3116189A
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carbon atoms
explosive composition
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plastic explosive which possesses a high degree of fluidity.
  • Plastic explosives have, in the past, found extensive use as demolition agents and in steel shearing. However, these plastic explosives have been too stiff to pump and often have a high degree of tenacity. In order to utilize modern machinery techniques in explosive technology, a need developed for a plastic explosive composition of suflicient power for industrial and military requirements, and with sufiicient fluidity to be pumped, yet after ejection or expulsion, retaining its shape and resisting diffusion into the surrounding medium.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a fluid plastic explosive composition which maintains its fluidity and plasticity between 0 and 125 F.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a plastic explosive composition of high brisance and high blast characteristics.
  • a further object is to provide a plastic explosive composition which is pumpab-le, yet retains its shape.
  • a still further object is the provision of a plastic explosive composition of high brisance which is nonadhermg.
  • a plastic high explosive is thoroughly kneaded with a nonaromatic hydrocarbon oil, sufiicient to impart the desired fluidity to the mixture.
  • a nitro-aromatic oil is added until the desired degree of nonadhe-rence is attained. It is apparent that the proportions of the ingredients may be varied somewhat according to the properties most suitable for the intended use.
  • the plastic explosive compounds were compounded essentially of an insoluble explosive compound, an aliphatic hydrocarbon polymer, and a plasticizer.
  • the insoluble explosive compound As the insoluble explosive compound, the nitramine cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine, cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine and ethylene dinitramine are operable. Solid insoluble polynitrate esters such as cellulose nitrate are also operable. Inorganic nitrates such as ammonium nitrate, hydrazine nitrate, and calcium nitrate are satisfactory. Poly-n-itro aliphatic solid materials showing a low solubility in the plasticizer and the fluidizing oils are operable.
  • the polyaliphatic binder in order to be operative, must be noncrystalline. lthough noncrystalline polyethylene and polypropylene-type materials were found to be suitable, polyisobutylene resulted in a superior product. A molecular weight range of from 20,000 to 500,000 can be employed successfully.
  • Plasticizers of the di-ester type are operative.
  • the preferred compounds are formed from a dibasic organic acid having fro-m 6 to 12 carbon atoms esterified with an alcohol having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • Dibutyl phthalate, di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, and didecylazelate, for example, are all operative.
  • nonaromatic hydrocarbon oils 3,110,180 Patented Dec. 31, 1963 having between 8 and 30 carbon atoms are satisfactory.
  • Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon oils are pretferred but naphthenic hydrocarbon oils are operable.
  • the aromatic content of the oil should be below 10% and preferably below 5%.
  • nitro-aromatic compounds or combinations thereof that are oils or produce oils in combination with the nonaromatic hydrocarbon oils are suitable.
  • the nitro-aromatic compound can be a mono-aromatic or a poly-aromatic compound, the main criterion being that an oil is produced at the temperature of operation. Eutectic mixtures are conveniently employed to produce oils from otherwise solid materials. Mono-nitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, trinitrotoluene, mono-nitronaphthalene, nitrodiphenyl, dinitrodiphenyl, ortho-nitrodiphenyl ether, and nitrophenanthrenc all are operative either alone or in combination.
  • a particularly suitable nitro-aromatic oil is the eutectic of commercial dinitrotoluene with mononitrotoluene oils derived from commercial trinitrotoluene production.
  • the following proportional mixture is suitable: 76% of cyclotimethylene trinitramine; 8% of a desensitizing binder composed of polyisobutylene (molecular Weight 20,000 to 500,000), di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate and a plasticizer of di-2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate in the ratio of 1:2.5:O.75 respectively; 8% of a nonaromatic hydrocarbon oil having 8 to 18 carbon atoms; 5% of dinitrotoluene oil; and 3% of mono-nitrotoluene.
  • Further preferred examples include ethylene dinitramine or mixtures of cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine together with polyisobutylene and a plasticizer such as dibutyl phthalate, didecyl azelate or di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a nitroaromatic compound capable of causing non-tackiness.
  • a plasticizer such as dibutyl phthalate, didecyl azelate or di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate
  • hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a nitroaromatic compound capable of causing non-tackiness.
  • a pumpable nonadher-ing explosive composition comprising 60% to cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine; 3.2% to 12.83% of a desensitizing binder composed of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of between 20,000 and 500,000, a plasticizer of di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, and a mineral oil of 8 to 30 carbon atoms in the ratio of 1:2.5:0.75; 3.36% to 7.8% of a hydrocarbon oil having 8 to 18 carbon atoms; 2.07% to 8.3% of dinitro-toluene oil and 1.37% to 5.54% of mononitrotoluene.
  • a pumpable nonadhering explosive composition comprising about 76% cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine; about 8% of a binder of polyisobutylene, di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate and mineral oil in the ratio 1:2.5:0.75, respectively; approximately 8% hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms; about 5% of dinitrotoluene oil and approximately 3% of mono-nitrotoluene.
  • a pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising cy-clo-trimethylene trinitrarnine, polyisobutylene having a molecular Weight between 20,000 and 500,000, di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, and a nitroaromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of the cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine, polyisobutylene and di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate mixture.
  • a pum-pa-ble, nonadhering explosive composition comprising cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine, polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000, di-2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, and a nitroaromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of the cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine, polyisobutylene and di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate mixture.
  • a pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising ethylene dinitramine, polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000, dibutyl phthalate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cyclcaliphatic oils, and a nitro-aromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of the ethylene dinitramine, polyisobutylene dibutyl phthalate mixture.
  • a pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine, cycle-tetramethylene tetranitramine, polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000, didecylazelate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, mono-nitrotoluene, and dinitrotoluene, said mononitrotoluene and said dinitrotoluene causing nontac'kiness in said explosive composition.
  • a pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising about 75% of an oil insoluble explosive compound, an aliphatic hydrocarbon polymer having a molecular Weight between 20,000 and 500,000, a plasticizer of the di-ester type formed from a dibasic organic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms esterified with an alcohol having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, and a nitro-aromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of said oil insoluble explosive compound.
  • a pu mpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising (a) :a nitro type explosive selected from the group consisting of:
  • cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (2) ethylene dinitramine
  • a hydrocarbon oil mixed with said explosive compound capable of causing fluidity of said explosive compound without dissolving said explosive compound e) a nitroaJromat-ic compound capable of causing non-tackiness in said explosive compound.
  • hydrocarbon oil capable of causing fluidity is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils.
  • An explosive composition in accordance with claim 8 wherein the nitroaro-matic compound capable of causing non-tackiness is a eutectic of din-itrotoluene and mononitrotoluene.

Description

3,116,189 PLASTIC EXPLOSIVE COMPQSITHON Howard 3. Fisher, Whittier, Qaliil, assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary the Army N0 Drawing. Filed June 28, 1961, Ser. No. 120,445 11 Claims. (Cl. 149-92) The present invention relates to a plastic explosive which possesses a high degree of fluidity.
Plastic explosives have, in the past, found extensive use as demolition agents and in steel shearing. However, these plastic explosives have been too stiff to pump and often have a high degree of tenacity. In order to utilize modern machinery techniques in explosive technology, a need developed for a plastic explosive composition of suflicient power for industrial and military requirements, and with sufiicient fluidity to be pumped, yet after ejection or expulsion, retaining its shape and resisting diffusion into the surrounding medium.
An object of this invention is to provide a fluid plastic explosive composition which maintains its fluidity and plasticity between 0 and 125 F.
Another object of this invention is to provide a plastic explosive composition of high brisance and high blast characteristics.
A further object is to provide a plastic explosive composition which is pumpab-le, yet retains its shape.
A still further object is the provision of a plastic explosive composition of high brisance which is nonadhermg.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent as the description proceeds.
It has been found that the foregoing objectives may be attained by the addition of a mixture of a nonaromatic hydrocarbon oil and nitro-aromatic oils to a plastic explosive composition. The resulting product has the desirable characteristics of being a material that can be pumped, retains its shape, is nonsensitized, has excellent xplosive power, and is nonadhering.
To prepare this composition, a plastic high explosive is thoroughly kneaded with a nonaromatic hydrocarbon oil, sufiicient to impart the desired fluidity to the mixture. A nitro-aromatic oil is added until the desired degree of nonadhe-rence is attained. It is apparent that the proportions of the ingredients may be varied somewhat according to the properties most suitable for the intended use. The plastic explosive compounds were compounded essentially of an insoluble explosive compound, an aliphatic hydrocarbon polymer, and a plasticizer.
As the insoluble explosive compound, the nitramine cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine, cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine and ethylene dinitramine are operable. Solid insoluble polynitrate esters such as cellulose nitrate are also operable. Inorganic nitrates such as ammonium nitrate, hydrazine nitrate, and calcium nitrate are satisfactory. Poly-n-itro aliphatic solid materials showing a low solubility in the plasticizer and the fluidizing oils are operable.
The polyaliphatic binder, in order to be operative, must be noncrystalline. lthough noncrystalline polyethylene and polypropylene-type materials were found to be suitable, polyisobutylene resulted in a superior product. A molecular weight range of from 20,000 to 500,000 can be employed successfully.
Plasticizers of the di-ester type are operative. The preferred compounds are formed from a dibasic organic acid having fro-m 6 to 12 carbon atoms esterified with an alcohol having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms. Dibutyl phthalate, di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, and didecylazelate, for example, are all operative.
It has been found that nonaromatic hydrocarbon oils 3,110,180 Patented Dec. 31, 1963 having between 8 and 30 carbon atoms are satisfactory. Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon oils are pretferred but naphthenic hydrocarbon oils are operable. The aromatic content of the oil should be below 10% and preferably below 5%.
Any nitro-aromatic compounds or combinations thereof that are oils or produce oils in combination with the nonaromatic hydrocarbon oils are suitable. The nitro-aromatic compound can be a mono-aromatic or a poly-aromatic compound, the main criterion being that an oil is produced at the temperature of operation. Eutectic mixtures are conveniently employed to produce oils from otherwise solid materials. Mono-nitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, trinitrotoluene, mono-nitronaphthalene, nitrodiphenyl, dinitrodiphenyl, ortho-nitrodiphenyl ether, and nitrophenanthrenc all are operative either alone or in combination. A particularly suitable nitro-aromatic oil is the eutectic of commercial dinitrotoluene with mononitrotoluene oils derived from commercial trinitrotoluene production.
As a preferred example, the following proportional mixture is suitable: 76% of cyclotimethylene trinitramine; 8% of a desensitizing binder composed of polyisobutylene (molecular Weight 20,000 to 500,000), di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate and a plasticizer of di-2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate in the ratio of 1:2.5:O.75 respectively; 8% of a nonaromatic hydrocarbon oil having 8 to 18 carbon atoms; 5% of dinitrotoluene oil; and 3% of mono-nitrotoluene.
Further preferred examples include ethylene dinitramine or mixtures of cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine together with polyisobutylene and a plasticizer such as dibutyl phthalate, didecyl azelate or di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms and a nitroaromatic compound capable of causing non-tackiness.
As many seemingly different embodiments of the invention "will be apparent without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it must be understood that the invention is not limited to any specific embodiment except as defined in the appended claims.
I claim:
1. A pumpable nonadher-ing explosive composition comprising 60% to cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine; 3.2% to 12.83% of a desensitizing binder composed of polyisobutylene with a molecular weight of between 20,000 and 500,000, a plasticizer of di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, and a mineral oil of 8 to 30 carbon atoms in the ratio of 1:2.5:0.75; 3.36% to 7.8% of a hydrocarbon oil having 8 to 18 carbon atoms; 2.07% to 8.3% of dinitro-toluene oil and 1.37% to 5.54% of mononitrotoluene.
2. A pumpable nonadhering explosive composition comprising about 76% cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine; about 8% of a binder of polyisobutylene, di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate and mineral oil in the ratio 1:2.5:0.75, respectively; approximately 8% hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms; about 5% of dinitrotoluene oil and approximately 3% of mono-nitrotoluene.
3. A pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising cy-clo-trimethylene trinitrarnine, polyisobutylene having a molecular Weight between 20,000 and 500,000, di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, and a nitroaromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of the cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine, polyisobutylene and di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate mixture.
4. A pum-pa-ble, nonadhering explosive composition comprising cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine, polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000, di-2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, and a nitroaromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of the cyclo-tetramethylene tetranitramine, polyisobutylene and di-Z-ethyl-hexyl sebacate mixture.
5. A pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising ethylene dinitramine, polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000, dibutyl phthalate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cyclcaliphatic oils, and a nitro-aromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of the ethylene dinitramine, polyisobutylene dibutyl phthalate mixture.
6. A pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising cyclo-trimethylene trinitramine, cycle-tetramethylene tetranitramine, polyisobutylene having a molecular weight between 20,000 and 500,000, didecylazelate, a hydrocarbon oil containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, mono-nitrotoluene, and dinitrotoluene, said mononitrotoluene and said dinitrotoluene causing nontac'kiness in said explosive composition.
7. A pumpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising about 75% of an oil insoluble explosive compound, an aliphatic hydrocarbon polymer having a molecular Weight between 20,000 and 500,000, a plasticizer of the di-ester type formed from a dibasic organic acid having 6 to 12 carbon atoms esterified with an alcohol having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, a hydrocarbon oil selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils, and a nitro-aromatic compound capable of causing nontackiness of said oil insoluble explosive compound.
8. A pu mpable, nonadhering explosive composition comprising (a) :a nitro type explosive selected from the group consisting of:
(1) cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (2) ethylene dinitramine (b) a binder of an aliphatic hydrocarbon polymer (0) a plasticizer of the diester type formed from a dibasic organic acid having 6-12 carbon atoms esterified with an alcohol having from 4-20 carbon atoms (d) a hydrocarbon oil mixed with said explosive compound capable of causing fluidity of said explosive compound without dissolving said explosive compound (e) a nitroaJromat-ic compound capable of causing non-tackiness in said explosive compound.
9. An explosive composition in accordance with claim 8, wherein the hydrocarbon oil capable of causing fluidity is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and cycloaliphatic oils.
10. An explosive composition in accordance with claim 8 wherein the binder of an aliphatic hydrocarbon polymer has a molecular weight of 20,000 to 500,000.
11. An explosive composition in accordance with claim 8 wherein the nitroaro-matic compound capable of causing non-tackiness is a eutectic of din-itrotoluene and mononitrotoluene.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,305,846 Waller June 3, 1919 2,606,109 Kistiakowsky et al Aug. 5, 1952 2,783,138 Parsons Feb. 26, 1957 2,867,172 Hradel Jan. 6, 1959 2,999,743 Breza et al. Sept. 12, 1961 OTHER REFERENCES TM-1910/TO 11A-1-34, Military Explosives, Departments of the Army and the Air Force, April 14, 1955, pp. 201-204.

Claims (1)

  1. 8. A PUMPABLE, NONADHERING EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITION COMRPISING (A) A NITRO TYPE EXPLOSIVE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF: (1) CYCLOTRIMETHYLENE TRINITRAMINE (2) ETHYLENE DINITRAMINE (B) A BINDER OF AN ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON POLYMER (C) A PLASTICIZER OF THE DIESTER TYPE FORMED FORM A DIBASIC ORGANIC ACID HAVING 6-12 CARBON ATOMS ESTERIFIED WTIH AN ALCOHOL HVING FROM 4-20 CARBON ATOMS (D) A HYDROCARBON OIL MIXED WITH SAID EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND CAPABLE OF CAUSING FLUIDITY OF SAID EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND WITHOUT DISSOLVING SAID EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND (E) A NITROAROMATIC COMPOUND CAPABLE OF CAUSING NON-TACKINESS IN SAID EXPLOSIVE COMPOUND.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3379588A (en) * 1964-02-27 1968-04-23 Bombrini Parodi Delfino S P A Manufacture of plastic high-power blasting explosive compositions and charges
US3880683A (en) * 1963-11-13 1975-04-29 Us Navy Castable high explosive of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine and dodecenyl succinic anhydride-vinyl cyclohexene dioxide polymer binder
US4047990A (en) * 1967-08-01 1977-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Plastic bonded explosive composition
FR2707978A1 (en) * 1993-07-23 1995-01-27 Deutsche Aerospace Explosive charge cast with synthetic binder.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1305846A (en) * 1919-06-03 Charles e
US2606109A (en) * 1943-07-16 1952-08-05 George B Kistiakowsky Plastic nonhardening explosive composition and method of forming same
US2783138A (en) * 1944-04-11 1957-02-26 Aerojet General Co Propellant compositions
US2867172A (en) * 1954-07-19 1959-01-06 Joseph R Hradel Detonation of unprimed base charges
US2999743A (en) * 1960-08-17 1961-09-12 Du Pont Deformable self-supporting explosive composition

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1305846A (en) * 1919-06-03 Charles e
US2606109A (en) * 1943-07-16 1952-08-05 George B Kistiakowsky Plastic nonhardening explosive composition and method of forming same
US2783138A (en) * 1944-04-11 1957-02-26 Aerojet General Co Propellant compositions
US2867172A (en) * 1954-07-19 1959-01-06 Joseph R Hradel Detonation of unprimed base charges
US2999743A (en) * 1960-08-17 1961-09-12 Du Pont Deformable self-supporting explosive composition

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3880683A (en) * 1963-11-13 1975-04-29 Us Navy Castable high explosive of cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine and dodecenyl succinic anhydride-vinyl cyclohexene dioxide polymer binder
US3379588A (en) * 1964-02-27 1968-04-23 Bombrini Parodi Delfino S P A Manufacture of plastic high-power blasting explosive compositions and charges
US4047990A (en) * 1967-08-01 1977-09-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Plastic bonded explosive composition
FR2707978A1 (en) * 1993-07-23 1995-01-27 Deutsche Aerospace Explosive charge cast with synthetic binder.

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