US3109917A - Hard facing - Google Patents
Hard facing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3109917A US3109917A US21083A US2108360A US3109917A US 3109917 A US3109917 A US 3109917A US 21083 A US21083 A US 21083A US 2108360 A US2108360 A US 2108360A US 3109917 A US3109917 A US 3109917A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- chromium
- hard
- nickel
- hard facing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/327—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
- Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
- Y10T428/12049—Nonmetal component
Definitions
- cemented carbides can be welded in inert-gas-atmosphere either with or without admixes of auxiliary metals; this process has proved especially successful in bu-ilt-up-welding for making tools with cutting-edges. In this process also rods, containing cemented-carbides can be used as admixes.
- this method only could be applied for relatively small surfaces, :i.e. surfaces of but a few square-cm., armor-platings on greater surfaces being sensible towards crack-formation and being likely to chip off if exposed to impact-stresses.
- This invention deals with an improvement of that wellknown process, enabling armor-plating of greater surfaces, especially of round pieces entirely homogeneously, without any crack-formation involved.
- the auxiliary metal used for preparing *admixes of sintered-carbides is very important.
- the auxiliary metal used for those admixes is supposed to contain 5100% Ni, 0-95% Fe and/or 030% Cr.
- this invention relates to a process of preparing hard and wear-resistant surfaces by built-up-arc-welding in inert gas-atmospheres, whereas admixes of sintered carbides are used, which primarily consists of tungstencarbides which may be combined with other cemented carbides and of 5-30% auxiliary metal; this process is characterized by the fact, that the auxiliary metal used for armor-plating great surfaces, which are sensible to wards crack-formation, especially for armor-plating round pieces, consists of 5100% Ni, 0-95% Fe and/or 030% Cr, besides unavoidable impurities.
- tungsten-carbide which is supposed to be the main component, its percentage being supposed to exceed 50%
- carbides of molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium and similar can also be used.
- the auxiliary metal either can be pure nickel-powder or nickel-powder mixed with powdered iron or chromium; this auxiliary metal is added to the powdered mixture, which is to be sintered and to be pressed for preparing the admix.
- Powdered austenitic Cr-Ni-steel also can be applied as auxiliary metal.
- Admixes preferably are made in the usual manner: the powdered mixture, consisting of cemented carbides and binding-metal is mixed with an organic binding-agreant, such as synthetic resin; this mixture is extruded to rods, which subsequently are sintered at temperatures ranging between 900 and 1300 C.
- admixes as suggested by this invention are used for welding in inert atmospheres, hardnesses ranging between 64 and 67 Rockwell-units are achieved.
- the favourable effect of binding-metals added to those admixes evidently is due to formation of a viscous transition-Zone between the admix and the basic material. This enables continuous building up of thicker layers without any crack-formation involved during argon arc-welding. Those layers can have thicknesses ranging between 4 and 6 mm. It is also possible to apply several layers by built-up-welding without any crack-formation involved.
- a process of hard facing by shielded arc welding employing a hard facing sintered rod produced by molding and sintering at a temperature of 900-1300 C. an admixture of powdered materials comprising a major portion of hard metal carbides and 5% to 30% of a cobalt free alloy consisting essentially of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron and chromium and mixtures thereof, at least 5% nickel being present in the alloy and less than 30% chromium being present in the alloy and an organic synthetic resin as a binding agent.
Description
United States Patent 3,109,917 HARD FACENG Alfred Schmidt and Erich Nonninger, Kapfenberg, Styria,
Austria, asslgnors to Gebr. Bohler Co. Alrtiengeselh scbar't, Vienna, Austria No Drawing. Filed Apr. 11, 1960, tier. No. 21,12553 Claims priority, application Austria Apr. 18, 1959 2 Claims. (Cl. 219-76) it has been wellknown, that cemented carbides can be welded in inert-gas-atmosphere either with or without admixes of auxiliary metals; this process has proved especially successful in bu-ilt-up-welding for making tools with cutting-edges. In this process also rods, containing cemented-carbides can be used as admixes.
As far as preparing of wear-resistant surfaces is concerned, this method only could be applied for relatively small surfaces, :i.e. surfaces of but a few square-cm., armor-platings on greater surfaces being sensible towards crack-formation and being likely to chip off if exposed to impact-stresses.
This invention deals with an improvement of that wellknown process, enabling armor-plating of greater surfaces, especially of round pieces entirely homogeneously, without any crack-formation involved.
Experiments have shown, that the auxiliary metal used for preparing *admixes of sintered-carbides is very important. The auxiliary metal used for those admixes is supposed to contain 5100% Ni, 0-95% Fe and/or 030% Cr.
Thus this invention relates to a process of preparing hard and wear-resistant surfaces by built-up-arc-welding in inert gas-atmospheres, whereas admixes of sintered carbides are used, which primarily consists of tungstencarbides which may be combined with other cemented carbides and of 5-30% auxiliary metal; this process is characterized by the fact, that the auxiliary metal used for armor-plating great surfaces, which are sensible to wards crack-formation, especially for armor-plating round pieces, consists of 5100% Ni, 0-95% Fe and/or 030% Cr, besides unavoidable impurities.
lBesides tungsten-carbide, which is supposed to be the main component, its percentage being supposed to exceed 50%, carbides of molybdenum, chromium, tantalum, niobium, titanium, zirconium and similar can also be used.
The auxiliary metal either can be pure nickel-powder or nickel-powder mixed with powdered iron or chromium; this auxiliary metal is added to the powdered mixture, which is to be sintered and to be pressed for preparing the admix.
Powdered austenitic Cr-Ni-steel, however, also can be applied as auxiliary metal.
Admixes preferably are made in the usual manner: the powdered mixture, consisting of cemented carbides and binding-metal is mixed with an organic binding-agreant, such as synthetic resin; this mixture is extruded to rods, which subsequently are sintered at temperatures ranging between 900 and 1300 C.
Welding-rods consisting of 85% WC and 15% Ni for 3, l 00,9 i Patented Nov. 5, l 963 ice instance have been used for armor-plating rings for wirerod-guides according to the process suggested by this invention. No wear could be observed on those rings after 478 hours running-time. However rings, armorplated with hardened punching-tool-steel, containing 13% chromium and 2% carbon already have become completely worn out and therefore unable for use, after 334 hours if exposed to the same amount of stress.
it cobalt and/or iron are used as binding-metals the resistance towards wear will be presumably reduced by at least 20% under comparable conditions.
If admixes as suggested by this invention are used for welding in inert atmospheres, hardnesses ranging between 64 and 67 Rockwell-units are achieved. The favourable effect of binding-metals added to those admixes evidently is due to formation of a viscous transition-Zone between the admix and the basic material. This enables continuous building up of thicker layers without any crack-formation involved during argon arc-welding. Those layers can have thicknesses ranging between 4 and 6 mm. It is also possible to apply several layers by built-up-welding without any crack-formation involved.
Those admixes as specified by the invention besides have proved especially advantageous owing to the fact, that in argon-arc -welding hardnesses ranging between 64 and 67 RC immediately can be achieved, whereas hardnesses of about 52 RC only are achieved, with the same weldingprocess, if sintered carbides, such as WC is used with Co and/ or F e as binding-metal.
What we claim is:
1. A process of hard facing by shielded arc welding employing a hard facing sintered rod produced by molding and sintering at a temperature of 900-1300 C. an admixture of powdered materials comprising a major portion of hard metal carbides and 5% to 30% of a cobalt free alloy consisting essentially of a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron and chromium and mixtures thereof, at least 5% nickel being present in the alloy and less than 30% chromium being present in the alloy and an organic synthetic resin as a binding agent.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the hard metal carbide is tungsten carbide.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATEb TS 1,721,416 Schroter July 16, 1929 1,977,361 laylor et al Oct. 16, 1934 2,002,198 Wissler May 21, 1935 2,067,166 Ealke June 12, 1937 2,137,471 Zublin Nov. 22, 1938 2,219,462 Wissler Oct. 29, 1940 2,507,195 Colbeck et al May 9, 1950 2,847,555 Yenni Aug. 12, 1958 2,982,845 Yenni et a]. May 2, 1961 2,998,922 Gibson Sept. 5, 1961 FOREIGN PATENTS 395,721 Great Britain July 7, 1933 592,214 Canada Feb. 9, 1960 732,440 Great Britain June 22, 1955
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS OF HARD FACING BY SHIELDED ARC WELDING EMPLOYING A HARD FACING SINTERED ROD PRODUCED BY MOLDING AND SINTERING AT A TEMPERATURE OF 900-1300*C. AN ADMIXTURE OF POWDERED MATERIALS COMPRISING A MAJOR PORTION OF HARD METAL CARBIDES AND 5% TO 30% OF A COBALT FREE ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A METAL SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NICKEL, IRON AND CHROMIUM AND MIXTURES THEREOF, AT LEAST 5% NICKEL BEING PRESENT INTHE ALLOY AND LESS THAN 30% CHROMIUM BEING PRESENT IN THE ALLOY AND AN ORGANIC SYNTHETIC RESIN AS A BINDING AGENT.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT293759A AT217818B (en) | 1959-04-18 | 1959-04-18 | Process for the production of hard and wear-resistant surfaces by build-up welding |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3109917A true US3109917A (en) | 1963-11-05 |
Family
ID=3542667
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US21083A Expired - Lifetime US3109917A (en) | 1959-04-18 | 1960-04-11 | Hard facing |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3109917A (en) |
AT (1) | AT217818B (en) |
CH (1) | CH424434A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1242984B (en) |
GB (1) | GB904652A (en) |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3179787A (en) * | 1962-03-29 | 1965-04-20 | Eutectic Welding Alloys | Carbide welding rod |
US3215510A (en) * | 1963-10-02 | 1965-11-02 | Gen Electric | Alloy |
US3260579A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1966-07-12 | Hughes Tool Co | Hardfacing structure |
US3859057A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1975-01-07 | Kennametal Inc | Hardfacing material and deposits containing tungsten titanium carbide solid solution |
US4055742A (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1977-10-25 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard facing rod |
US4161207A (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1979-07-17 | Eutectic Corporation | Production of carbide laden consumables in a graphite mold |
US4312894A (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1982-01-26 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard facing of metal substrates |
US4443255A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1984-04-17 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard facing of metal substrates |
US4650722A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1987-03-17 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard faced article |
EP0349172A1 (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1990-01-03 | Smith International, Inc. | Hard facing |
US5051112A (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1991-09-24 | Smith International, Inc. | Hard facing |
US5250355A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-10-05 | Kennametal Inc. | Arc hardfacing rod |
US20100112374A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2010-05-06 | Durum Verschleiss-Schutz Gmbh | Material and method for coating a surface |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3511220A1 (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1986-10-09 | Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen | HARD METAL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1721416A (en) * | 1925-05-07 | 1929-07-16 | Gen Electric | Hard-metal composition |
GB395721A (en) * | 1931-11-16 | 1933-07-17 | Molybdenum Co Nv | An improved material for tool or tool parts |
US1977361A (en) * | 1933-02-16 | 1934-10-16 | Taylor Clifton | Method of preparing and composition of rods of hard facing material |
US2002198A (en) * | 1931-11-19 | 1935-05-21 | Haynes Stellite Co | Surface hardening metal articles |
US2067166A (en) * | 1933-03-06 | 1937-01-12 | Ramet Corp | Tantalum carbide alloy |
US2137471A (en) * | 1937-12-10 | 1938-11-22 | John A Zublin | Composite welding rod |
US2219462A (en) * | 1938-03-11 | 1940-10-29 | Haynes Stellite Co | Welding rod |
US2507195A (en) * | 1948-02-20 | 1950-05-09 | Hadfields Ltd | Composite surfacing weld rod |
GB732440A (en) * | 1951-01-31 | 1955-06-22 | Titanium Products Ltd | Improvements in or relating to sintered hard carbide products |
US2847555A (en) * | 1955-10-11 | 1958-08-12 | Union Carbide Corp | High pressure arc process and apparatus |
CA592214A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | Titanium Products Corporation Limited | Process for the manufacture of hard metal carbide products | |
US2982845A (en) * | 1958-07-11 | 1961-05-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Electric arc spraying |
US2998922A (en) * | 1958-09-11 | 1961-09-05 | Air Reduction | Metal spraying |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE6690C (en) * | H. G. IPSEN, Mechaniker, in Copenhagen (Dänemark) | Glide wheels | ||
AT191693B (en) * | 1953-04-28 | 1957-09-10 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Sintered welding electrode, process for its manufacture and use of this electrode |
AT182278B (en) * | 1954-06-16 | 1955-06-10 | Boehler & Co Ag Geb | Welding electrode |
-
1959
- 1959-04-18 AT AT293759A patent/AT217818B/en active
-
1960
- 1960-04-11 US US21083A patent/US3109917A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1960-04-12 CH CH410860A patent/CH424434A/en unknown
- 1960-04-12 DE DEB57461A patent/DE1242984B/en active Pending
- 1960-04-12 GB GB12983/60A patent/GB904652A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA592214A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | Titanium Products Corporation Limited | Process for the manufacture of hard metal carbide products | |
US1721416A (en) * | 1925-05-07 | 1929-07-16 | Gen Electric | Hard-metal composition |
GB395721A (en) * | 1931-11-16 | 1933-07-17 | Molybdenum Co Nv | An improved material for tool or tool parts |
US2002198A (en) * | 1931-11-19 | 1935-05-21 | Haynes Stellite Co | Surface hardening metal articles |
US1977361A (en) * | 1933-02-16 | 1934-10-16 | Taylor Clifton | Method of preparing and composition of rods of hard facing material |
US2067166A (en) * | 1933-03-06 | 1937-01-12 | Ramet Corp | Tantalum carbide alloy |
US2137471A (en) * | 1937-12-10 | 1938-11-22 | John A Zublin | Composite welding rod |
US2219462A (en) * | 1938-03-11 | 1940-10-29 | Haynes Stellite Co | Welding rod |
US2507195A (en) * | 1948-02-20 | 1950-05-09 | Hadfields Ltd | Composite surfacing weld rod |
GB732440A (en) * | 1951-01-31 | 1955-06-22 | Titanium Products Ltd | Improvements in or relating to sintered hard carbide products |
US2847555A (en) * | 1955-10-11 | 1958-08-12 | Union Carbide Corp | High pressure arc process and apparatus |
US2982845A (en) * | 1958-07-11 | 1961-05-02 | Union Carbide Corp | Electric arc spraying |
US2998922A (en) * | 1958-09-11 | 1961-09-05 | Air Reduction | Metal spraying |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3260579A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1966-07-12 | Hughes Tool Co | Hardfacing structure |
US3179787A (en) * | 1962-03-29 | 1965-04-20 | Eutectic Welding Alloys | Carbide welding rod |
US3215510A (en) * | 1963-10-02 | 1965-11-02 | Gen Electric | Alloy |
US3859057A (en) * | 1970-03-16 | 1975-01-07 | Kennametal Inc | Hardfacing material and deposits containing tungsten titanium carbide solid solution |
US4312894A (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1982-01-26 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard facing of metal substrates |
US4055742A (en) * | 1974-05-21 | 1977-10-25 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard facing rod |
US4161207A (en) * | 1976-05-28 | 1979-07-17 | Eutectic Corporation | Production of carbide laden consumables in a graphite mold |
US4443255A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1984-04-17 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard facing of metal substrates |
US4650722A (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1987-03-17 | Union Carbide Corporation | Hard faced article |
EP0349172A1 (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1990-01-03 | Smith International, Inc. | Hard facing |
US5051112A (en) * | 1988-06-29 | 1991-09-24 | Smith International, Inc. | Hard facing |
US5250355A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1993-10-05 | Kennametal Inc. | Arc hardfacing rod |
US20100112374A1 (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2010-05-06 | Durum Verschleiss-Schutz Gmbh | Material and method for coating a surface |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AT217818B (en) | 1961-10-25 |
CH424434A (en) | 1966-11-15 |
DE1242984B (en) | 1967-06-22 |
GB904652A (en) | 1962-08-29 |
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