US3090049A

US3090049A - Artificial hand

Info

Publication number: US3090049A
Application number: US72097A
Authority: US
Inventors: Lanteigne Lyvin
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1960-11-28
Filing date: 1960-11-28
Publication date: 1963-05-21
Anticipated expiration: 1980-05-21

Description

May 21, 1963 L. LANTEIGNE ARTIFICIAL HAND Filed Nov. 28, 1960 INVEIVITOR L gv/'n LANTE/G/VE u A9 ent Uite States The present invention relates to an artificial hand which can be secured to the end of an artificial arm or directly to the amputated arm of the user and which has the external shape of a natural hand and in which the fingers are in a normally closed position and can open by simple pressure of the arm against the body.

The main object of the present invention resides in the provision of an artificial hand of the character described which operates by pneumatic pressure and which is constituted by parts which can be easily disassembled for repairs, cleaning, and the like, and in which the number of constituting parts is a minimum whereby the artificial hand is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.

Another object of the present invention resides in the provision of an artificial hand of the character described which is easily operated and can take a firm grip.

The foregoing and other important objects of the present invention will become more apparent during the following disclosure and by referring to the drawing, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a schematic view of the artificial hand in accordance with the present invention fitted on the forearm of the user;

FIGURE 2 is an exploded perspective view of some of the parts forming the hand of the invention;

FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the assembly of the rigid and articulated parts forming the artificial hand, one of the fingers being shown in exploded perspective view in order to see the internal structure; and

FIGURE 4 is a longitudinal section of one finger, of the metacarpal part and of the wrist part.

In the drawings, like reference characters indicate like elements throughout.

The artificial hand of the present invention consists in part of an assembly of rigid elements which are pivotally interconnected and made of plastic, aluminum or other materials normally used for the construction of artificial limbs. The assembly has the external shape of a natural hand and is adapted to be inserted in an external glove (not shown) which preferably has the feel and color of natural skin. The assembly of the pivoted rigid parts consists of a metacarpal element 1 and for each of the four fingers of

rigid phalange members

2, 3 and 4. Metacarpal part 1 is hollow defining a cavity 6 which opens at the exterior for each of the four fingers, as shown at 7, and also for the thumb at 7. Cavity 6 also opens at the big end of the metacarpal part 1 and this big end is rigidly secured to a sleeve element 8 of hollow construction and in which is inserted the amputated forearm of the user. The sleeve 8 can be replaced by an artificial arm which, in this case, would be secured above the elbow.

The

phalanges

2, 3 and 4 of each finger and the metacarpal 1 are pivotally interconnected by means of hinges 9, the side edges of which are bevelled for slidable engagement with the longitudinal slots of dovetailed cross-section, said slots 10 being made in the top portion of the

phalanges

2, 3 and 4 and also in the fore part of the metacarpal part 1. Hinges 9 permit the pivotal movement of the

phalanges

2, 3 and 4 the ends of which are bevelled as indicated at 11, in order to permit normal closing of the phalange members as natural fingers. The hinges 9 may move longitudinally within the slots 10 so as to close the fingers to a still greater degree. The

atet

3,$90,ll49 Patented May 21, 1963

phalanges

2, 3 and 4 are provided with bores or passages 12 which are in communication with each other and with the openings 7 of metacarpal part 1. Bores 12 of terminal phalange members 4 are blind bores. The bores or passages 12 are disposed immediately underneath the hinges 9 and their internal surface is rough or ribbed as shown in FIGURE 3. The passages or bores 12 are adapted to receive the finger elements 13 of an internal glove 14 (see FIGURE 2) made of flexible and elastic material such as rubber, and capable of being inflated with air.

The metacarpal part 15 of glove 14 lines the internal surface of cavity 6 of rigid metacarpal part 1 whereas fingers 13 of glove 14 extend through openings 7 and line the bores 12 up to the bottom of the blind bore 12 of phalange 4.

The glove 14 has also a hollow thumb part 5 which extends through thumb opening 7 made in rigid metacarpal part 1, as shown in FIGURE 3. The

phalanges

2, 3 and 4 are moreover provided with

longitudinal bores

17 and 18 made underneath the passages 12 and opposite a blind bore 19 made in the outer end of the metacarpal part 1. The

bores

17, 18 and 19 are adapted to receive a helical spring 20 which is secured within the bottom of blind bore 18 of phalange 4 and in the bottom of the blind bore 19 of the metacarpal part 1. This coil spring is under tension and urges the phalanges in closed position.

A metacarpal block 21 made of solid rubber or the like is inserted within the metacarpal part 15 of internal glove 14 so as to tightly fit cavity 6 of part 1. Block 21 is provided at its outer end with four bosses 22, slightly protruding within the four fingers 13 of the internal glove 14. Block 21 has also a solid finger 22' adapted to be fully inserted within the thumb 5 of internal glove 14. A conduit system constituted by four branches 23 respectively opening at the outer end of bosses 22 and connected to a common duct 24, is made within the mass of block 21; the inner end duct 24 is connected to a flexible tube 25 which extends through the sleeve 8 to be connected to a flexible pouch 26. The pouch 26 is preferably made of rubber and has an elongated shape adapted to be located under the arm pit of the user and maintained by

straps

27 and 28 adapted to be interconnected over the users shoulder, as shown in FIGURE 1. Pouch 26 is provided with a check valve 29 Which permits entrance of air within the pouch when the latter is allowed to take its natural shape and which prevents escape of the air from the pouch otherwise than through tube 25 when the pouch is pressed against the body by the users arm.

In the normal position of the artificial hand, the fingers are in a closed position under the action of springs 20. When the user desires to open the hand, he has only to press his arm against his body thereby compressing the air within the pouch 26 which is fed to each one of the fingers 13 of the internal glove 14 and produces the straightening of the fingers 13 which in turn produce the opening movement of the

phalange parts

2, 3 and 4 against the action of springs 20.

Because the hinges 9 may slide longitudinally within the slots 10, metacarpal part 1 and

phalange members

2, 3 and 4 may take a slightly spaced apart position whereby the fingers are more flexible and can grasp objects of different sizes and also this permits a more pronounced closing of the fingers than that otherwise allowed by the bevelled ends 11 of the

phalanges

2, 3 and 4.

While a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention has been illustrated and described, it is understood that various modifications may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. An artificial hand comprising an assembly of rigid pivotally interconnected parts, having the external shape of a hand, these parts including a metacarpal part and, phalanges pivotally interconnected to each other and to said metacarpal part, said metacarpal part having a cavity with end openings, and said phalanges having bores in communication with each other and with said openiii-gs, an internal flexible air pressure expansible glovelike element disposed Within said cavity of said metacarpal part and having finger portions extending through said openings and within said bores of said phalanges, a metacarpal block inserted within the internal glove-like element to apply the. latter against the surface of the cavity of said metacarpal part, said block having bosses entering within and sealing the finger portions of said internal glove-like element, a duct system within said block opening at each of said bosses and communicating with a common duct in said block, a compressible pouch adapted to be positioned under the armpit of the user in order to produce compressed air by pressing the arm against the body, a tube connecting said pouch to said common duct in order to feed the finger portions of said internal glove-like element with compressed air to cause straigl'iteniugv of said finger portions and consequently opening of said phalanges, and spring means interconnecting said phalanges and metacarpal part and urging the same into closed position, the adjacent ends of said 4 phalanges and metacarpal part being bevelled to allow closing movement of said phalanges under the action of said spring.

2. An artificial hand as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pivotal connections of said phalanges between themselves and to said metacarpal part consist of hinges longitudinally slidable in slots made in the upper side of said phalanges and said metacarpal part.

3. An artificial hand as claimed in claim 1 wherein said spring means consist of coiled tension springs dispose-d Within longitudinal bores made in said phalanges and in said metacarpal part and urging together said part and phalan-ges.

4. An artificial hand as claimed in claim 2 wherein said spring means consist for each finger of a coiled tension spring in aligned longitudinal bores made in said phalanges and in said metacarpal part under said passages.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,556,524 Drennon June 12, 1951 2,659,896 Biasi Nov. 24, 1953 FOREIGN PATENTS 3013,58? Germany Feb. 7, 1918 318,851 Germany Feb. 16, 1920 1,008,691 France Feb. 27, 1952

Claims

1. AN ARTIFICIAL HAND COMPRISING AN ASSEMBLY OF RIGID PIVOTALLY INTERCONNECTED PARTS, HAVING THE EXTERNAL SHAPE OF A HAND, THESE PARTS INCLUDING A METACARPAL PART AND PHALANGES PIVOTALLY INTERCONNECTED TO EACH OTHER AND TO SAID METACARPAL PART, SAID METACARPAL PART HAVING A CAVITY WITH END OPENINGS, AND SAID PHALANGES HAVING BORES IN COMMMUNICATION WITH EACH OTHER AND WITH SAID OPENINGS, AN INTERNAL FLEXIBLE AIR PRESSURE EXPANSIBLE GLOVELIKE ELEMENT DISPOSED WITHIN SAID CAVITY OF SAID METACARPAL PART AND HAVING FINGER PORTIONS EXTENDING THROUGH SAID OPENINGS AND WITHIN SAID BORES OF SAID PHALANGES, A METACARPAL BLOCK INSERTED WITHIN THE INTERNAL GLOVE-LIKE ELEMENT TO APPLY THE LATTER AGAINST THE SURFACE OF THE CAVITY OF SAID METACARPAL PART, SAID BLOCK HAVING BOSSES ENTERING WITHIN AND SEALING THE FINGER PORTIONS OF SAID INTERNAL GLOVE-LIKE ELEMENT, A DUCT SYSYTEN WITHIN SAID BLOCK OPENING AT EACH OF SAID BOSSES AND COMMUNICATING WITH A COMMON DUCT IN SAID BLOCK, A COMPRESSIBLE POUCH ADAPTED TO BE POSITIONED UNDER THE ARMPIT OF THE USER IN ORDER TO PRODUCE COMPRESSED AIR BY PRESSING THE ARM AGAINST THE BODY, A TUBE CONNECTING SAID POUCH TO SAID COMMON DUCT IN ORDER TO FEED THE FINGER PORTIONS OF SAID INTERNAL GLOVE-LIKE ELEMENT WITH COMPRESSED AIR TO CAUSE STRAIGHTENING OF SAID FINGER PORTIONS AND CONSEQUENTLY OPENING OF SAID PHALANGES, AND SPRING MEANS INTERCONNECTING SAID PHALANGES AND METACARPAL PART AND URGING THE SAME INTO CLOSED POSITION, THE ADJACENT ENDS OF SAID PHALANGES AND METACARPAL PART BEING BEVELLED TO ALLOW CLOSING MOVEMENT OF SAID PHALANGES UNDER ACTION OF SAID SPRING.