US3053511A - Clad alloy metal for corrosion resistance and heat exchanger made therefrom - Google Patents

Clad alloy metal for corrosion resistance and heat exchanger made therefrom Download PDF

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US3053511A
US3053511A US696802A US69680257A US3053511A US 3053511 A US3053511 A US 3053511A US 696802 A US696802 A US 696802A US 69680257 A US69680257 A US 69680257A US 3053511 A US3053511 A US 3053511A
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alloy
copper
cladding
base
heat exchanger
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US696802A
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John W Godfrey
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/087—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from nickel or nickel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/085—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from copper or copper alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/925—Relative dimension specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49391—Tube making or reforming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component

Definitions

  • This invention relates to clad alloy metal for corrosion resistance and more particularly to cladding of coppernickel alloy material for inhibiting corrosion of the base alloy.
  • Copper-nickel alloys have been used in the past for fabrication of metal articles which are subjected to sea water exposure in normal usage. It has been found that such alloy materials may be efifectively protected from corrosion by applying zinc coatings or by using a zinc protective or sacrificial anode which has electrical connection to the base alloy and is preferentially corroded with regard to the base alloy. However, it has been known that the protection afforded by such means is unsatisfactory for the reason that the rate of zinc corrosion is extremely rapid. The thickness of the coating or the quantity of sacrificial anode must therefore be extremely large in order to meet life-test requirements.
  • FIGURE 1 discloses a broken out portion of a heat exchanger embodying the principles of my invention in plan view and in which FIGURE 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a typical heat exchanger tube taken on line 2-2 of FIG- URE 1.
  • FIGURE 1 of the drawing there is shown a portion of a heat exchanger embodying the principles of my invention in which a plurality of tubes '1 extend between and interconnect an inlet header 3 and an outlet header 5 in order to permit one medium of the heat exchange system to flow through the tubes for heat exchange contact with another medium flowing over the tubes.
  • the heat exchanger shown on the drawing is particularly adapted for applications involving exposure to sea water, the base material of the heat exchanger elements being formed of a copper-nickel alloy well known in the art for such purposes.
  • the individual tubes 1 are formed by interconnecting two half-tube sections 7 and 9 having their side edges 11 and 13 formed so as to over-lap one another to create a tubular member 1.
  • the half-tube sections are interconnected at the overlapping edges 11 and 13 by means of any suitable method such as brazing or welding in order to create a fluid-tight seal.
  • the interconnection .15 shown on the drawing is preferably attained by brazing with copper foil.
  • a cladding layer 17, more particularly described hereinafter, is provided on the outer surface of the tubes 1 to inhibit corrosion of the base metal.
  • the material most commonly used in applications involving sea water exposure are those compositions commonly known in the art as 70-30 and 90-10 copper-nickel alloy.
  • the chemical composition of each of these alloys as hereinafter referred to in the specification and claims is shown in Table I below in terms of weight percentage:
  • the remaining 0.50% may be trace elements such as carbon, titanium, silicon, aluminum, tin, sulfur and others.
  • compositions of the 70-30 type are preferred for the base tube material since the melting point is appreci- I have discovered that very effective corrosion resistance is achieved by providing the 70-30 base material with a clad or coating of 90-10 copper-nickel alloy. It has been found that this cladding alloy is anodic to the base alloy and therefore will protect it through galvanic action.
  • a heat exchanger using tubes formed of my clad sheet material having a total thickness of about 0.021 with the thickness of the cladding being about one-sixth to one-third of the total thickness or 0.0035" to 0.007" results in a unit having extremely long life cycle characteristics.
  • a further advantage resulting from the use of 90-10 copper-nickel alloy as cladding for a 70-30 copper-nickel base alloy is that appreciable savings in the use of nickel, a strategic material, are achieved. Also, it has been found that the 90-10 alloy inhibits fouling of the heat exchanger due to the growth of sea water animal life on the metal surfaces.
  • clad alloy material having high resistance to corrosion and being adapted to be formed into sheets for the fabrication of such devices as sea water heat exchangers.
  • the cladding may be applied to the base material in either sheet form or ingot form, the cladding becoming alloyed with the base material during the hot working and subsequent fabricating operations.
  • the cladding may be applied in other ways well known to the art, such as by dipping or spraying, the cladding operation forming no part of my invention.
  • a corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of copper-nickel alloy metal having substantially the same constituents as the base metal but in differing amount by weight so that the potential of the cladding is more negative than but close to that of the base metal, said base metal being formed of -30 copper-nickel alloy and said cladding being formed of -10 copper-nickel alloy.
  • a corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of copper-nickel alloy metal having substantially the same constituents as the base metal but in differing amount by weight so that the potential of the cladding is more negative than but close to that of the base metal, said base metal being formed of copper 69%, nickel 29.3%, iron 0.6%, manganese 0.4%, zinc 0.3% and lead 0.03%, and said cladding being formed of copper 88.7%, nickel 9.1%, iron 1.2%, manganese 0.3%, Zinc 0.3% and lead 0.04%.
  • a heat exchanger adapted to withstand the corrosive effects of salt water and comprising inlet and outlet headers and heat transfer tubes interconnecting said headers, said heat transfer tubes being formed of a corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base 70-30 copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of 90-10 copper-nickel alloy, the potential of the cladding being more negative than but close to that of the base metal, the thickness of the cladding being at least about one-sixth the total thickness of the tube material.
  • a heat exchanger adapted to withstand the corrosive effects of salt water and comprising inlet and outlet headers and heat transfer tubes interconnecting said headers, said heat transfer tubes being formed of a corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of copper-nickel alloy, the potential of the cladding being more negative than but close to that of the base metal, the thickness of the cladding being at least about one-sixth the thickness of the tube material, said base metal being formed of copper 69%, nickel 29.3%, iron 0.6%, manganese 0.4%, zinc 0.3%, and lead 0.03% and said cladding being formed of copper 88.7%, nickel 9.1%, iron 1.2%, manganese 0.3%, zinc 0.3%, and lead 0.04%.

Description

p 1962 J. w GODFREY 3,053,511
cum ALLOY METAL FOR CORROSION RESISTANCE AND HEAT EXCHANGER MADE THEREFROM Filed Nov. 15, 1957 IN VENT OR.
HTTORNEY ire Sttes This invention relates to clad alloy metal for corrosion resistance and more particularly to cladding of coppernickel alloy material for inhibiting corrosion of the base alloy.
The prevention of corrosion has always been a major problem in the metal fabricating industries. Reasonably effective protection has been achieved in the past by applying surface coatings of such nature as to obtain physical protection by reason of the covering of the base metal. The measure of protection afforded by such covering layers is of course limited since fabricating and usage conditions frequently expose the base metal thereby making it subject to attack. The most effective protection has been found to be that which affords not only the physical protection of covering the base metal but also protects the base metal by electrolytic action. Such protection has been achieved by covering the base metal with such metals as aluminum, aluminum alloys and zinc.
Copper-nickel alloys have been used in the past for fabrication of metal articles which are subjected to sea water exposure in normal usage. It has been found that such alloy materials may be efifectively protected from corrosion by applying zinc coatings or by using a zinc protective or sacrificial anode which has electrical connection to the base alloy and is preferentially corroded with regard to the base alloy. However, it has been known that the protection afforded by such means is unsatisfactory for the reason that the rate of zinc corrosion is extremely rapid. The thickness of the coating or the quantity of sacrificial anode must therefore be extremely large in order to meet life-test requirements. These factors are of extreme importance in the fabrication of sea water heat exchangers such as are in common use in water vehicles since economy, maintenance and weight factors require that the heat exchanger design be such as to resist corrosion over long periods of time in order to minimize operational delays for tear down and maintenance while at the same time achieving economy of space and weight.
It is therefore an object of my invention to provide corrosion resistant clad copper-nickel alloy which will provide corrosion protection over extended periods of time; it is a further object of my invention to provide a corrosion resistant clad copper-nickel alloy in which the cladding material contains substantially the same constituents as that of the base alloy. It is a further object of my invention to provide a heat exchanger wherein the surfaces are protected from corrosion by means of a copper-nickel alloy coating containing substantially the same constituents as' those of the base metal. It is a still further object of my invention to provide a brazed heat exchanger adapted for salt water exposure wherein the copper-nickel base alloy is protected from corrosion by means of a copper-nickel alloy coating containing different percentages of the constituent materials contained in the base alloy.
These and other objects of my invention are attained by providing the base copper-nickel alloy with a coppernickel alloy coating containing different weight percentages of the same constituents contained in the base material.
The nature of my invention will be apparent to those 3,053,511 l Patented Sept- 1,
skilled in the art from the following description as read in connection with the drawing in which:
FIGURE 1 discloses a broken out portion of a heat exchanger embodying the principles of my invention in plan view and in which FIGURE 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of a typical heat exchanger tube taken on line 2-2 of FIG- URE 1.
Having reference now to FIGURE 1 of the drawing, there is shown a portion of a heat exchanger embodying the principles of my invention in which a plurality of tubes '1 extend between and interconnect an inlet header 3 and an outlet header 5 in order to permit one medium of the heat exchange system to flow through the tubes for heat exchange contact with another medium flowing over the tubes.
The heat exchanger shown on the drawing is particularly adapted for applications involving exposure to sea water, the base material of the heat exchanger elements being formed of a copper-nickel alloy well known in the art for such purposes. As is shown more clearly in FIGURE 2, the individual tubes 1 are formed by interconnecting two half-tube sections 7 and 9 having their side edges 11 and 13 formed so as to over-lap one another to create a tubular member 1. The half-tube sections are interconnected at the overlapping edges 11 and 13 by means of any suitable method such as brazing or welding in order to create a fluid-tight seal. The interconnection .15 shown on the drawing is preferably attained by brazing with copper foil. A cladding layer 17, more particularly described hereinafter, is provided on the outer surface of the tubes 1 to inhibit corrosion of the base metal.
The material most commonly used in applications involving sea water exposure are those compositions commonly known in the art as 70-30 and 90-10 copper-nickel alloy. The chemical composition of each of these alloys as hereinafter referred to in the specification and claims is shown in Table I below in terms of weight percentage:
Table I Copper (min.) 64. 85.0 Nickel 29.0-32; 0 9 011.0 Zinc (113m)." 1.0 1.00 on 0 40-0. 70 1 001. Lead (max.) 0.0 0.05 Manganese (max.) 1. 00 0.75 Copper plus sum of named elements (min.) 99. 50 99. 50
The remaining 0.50% may be trace elements such as carbon, titanium, silicon, aluminum, tin, sulfur and others.
I have found the -10 alloy to be difiicult to fabricate where such techniques as brazing and welding are utilized since the melting point of this composition is relatively low and is about 21100" F. The brazing of sheets formed therefrom is diflicult to control and results in frequent burning through of the material at the brazing points. Compositions of the 70-30 type are preferred for the base tube material since the melting point is appreci- I have discovered that very effective corrosion resistance is achieved by providing the 70-30 base material with a clad or coating of 90-10 copper-nickel alloy. It has been found that this cladding alloy is anodic to the base alloy and therefore will protect it through galvanic action. That is, if corrosion attack occurs, it will concentrate on the relatively thin layer of the cladding material, and the basic alloy material will not be attacked as long as the cladding material is present. This is, in essence, the well known principle of galvanic corrosion, but is controlled and applied to achieve the useful purpose described. It has been found that the potential of the 70-30 base coppernickel alloy is about 0.25 volt with reference to a saturated Calomel half cell whereas that of the 90-10 coppernickel alloy cladding is about 0.27 volt. It is thus obvious that while the cladding alloy is anodic to the base alloy, their potentials are so close that the rate of galvanic corrosion of the cladding material is extremely slow with the result that heat exchangers utilizing extremely thin cladding layers may be utilized without fear of corrosion of the base alloy over long periods of operation.
I have found that a heat exchanger using tubes formed of my clad sheet material having a total thickness of about 0.021 with the thickness of the cladding being about one-sixth to one-third of the total thickness or 0.0035" to 0.007" results in a unit having extremely long life cycle characteristics. A further advantage resulting from the use of 90-10 copper-nickel alloy as cladding for a 70-30 copper-nickel base alloy is that appreciable savings in the use of nickel, a strategic material, are achieved. Also, it has been found that the 90-10 alloy inhibits fouling of the heat exchanger due to the growth of sea water animal life on the metal surfaces.
I have found that a heat exchanger formed of 70-30 copper-nickel base alloy of about 0.014" thickness of the following composition in terms of weight percent:
copper 69.0 nickel 29.3 zinc 0.3
iron 0.6 lead 0.03
manganese 0.4
and having a cladding of 90-10 copper-nickel alloy of resulted in a successful life-test of more than two years in duration under sea water exposure conditions. It was unnecessary to tear down the exchanger for repair and/ or replacement of parts during this entire period.
It is apparent from the foregoing description that I have provided a clad alloy material having high resistance to corrosion and being adapted to be formed into sheets for the fabrication of such devices as sea water heat exchangers. The cladding may be applied to the base material in either sheet form or ingot form, the cladding becoming alloyed with the base material during the hot working and subsequent fabricating operations. The cladding may be applied in other ways well known to the art, such as by dipping or spraying, the cladding operation forming no part of my invention.
While I have described my invention with particular reference to salt water heat exchangers, it should be recognized that this corrosion inhibiting clad alloy may be used in other devices and that the cladding may be applied to more than a single surface of the base alloy material. These and other embodiments of my invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and such embodiments are to be considered as within the intended scope of the claims which follow.
I claim:
1. A corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of copper-nickel alloy metal having substantially the same constituents as the base metal but in differing amount by weight so that the potential of the cladding is more negative than but close to that of the base metal, said base metal being formed of -30 copper-nickel alloy and said cladding being formed of -10 copper-nickel alloy.
2. A corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of copper-nickel alloy metal having substantially the same constituents as the base metal but in differing amount by weight so that the potential of the cladding is more negative than but close to that of the base metal, said base metal being formed of copper 69%, nickel 29.3%, iron 0.6%, manganese 0.4%, zinc 0.3% and lead 0.03%, and said cladding being formed of copper 88.7%, nickel 9.1%, iron 1.2%, manganese 0.3%, Zinc 0.3% and lead 0.04%.
3. In a heat exchanger adapted to withstand the corrosive effects of salt water and comprising inlet and outlet headers and heat transfer tubes interconnecting said headers, said heat transfer tubes being formed of a corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base 70-30 copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of 90-10 copper-nickel alloy, the potential of the cladding being more negative than but close to that of the base metal, the thickness of the cladding being at least about one-sixth the total thickness of the tube material.
4. In a heat exchanger adapted to withstand the corrosive effects of salt water and comprising inlet and outlet headers and heat transfer tubes interconnecting said headers, said heat transfer tubes being formed of a corrosion resistant metal alloy material consisting of a base copper-nickel alloy metal having metallurgically bonded thereto as cladding a layer of copper-nickel alloy, the potential of the cladding being more negative than but close to that of the base metal, the thickness of the cladding being at least about one-sixth the thickness of the tube material, said base metal being formed of copper 69%, nickel 29.3%, iron 0.6%, manganese 0.4%, zinc 0.3%, and lead 0.03% and said cladding being formed of copper 88.7%, nickel 9.1%, iron 1.2%, manganese 0.3%, zinc 0.3%, and lead 0.04%.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,804,237 Steenst-rup May 5, 1931 2,120,561 Laise June 14, 1938 2,147,709 Lawton Feb. 21, 1939 2,373,116 Hobrock Apr. 10, 1945 2,373,117 Hobrock Apr. 10, 1945 2,373,218 Arnold Apr. 10, 1945 2,511,084 Shaw June13, 1950 2,703,226 Simpelaar Mar. 1, 1950

Claims (1)

  1. 3. IN A HEAT EXCHANGER ADAPTED TO WITHSTAND THE CORROSIVE EFFECTS OF SALT WATER AND COMPRISING INLET AND OUTLET HEADERS AND HEAT TRANSFER TUBES INTERCONNECTING SAID HEADERS, SAID HEAT TRANSFER TUBES BEING FORMED OF A CORROSION RESISTANT METAL ALLOY MATERIAL CONSISTING OF A BASE 70-30 COPPER-NICKEL ALLOY METAL HAVING METALLURGICALLY BONDED
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Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3207209A (en) * 1962-12-28 1965-09-21 Dept Of Chemical Engineering & Means for increasing the heat transfer coefficient between a wall and boiling liquid
US3268989A (en) * 1962-03-26 1966-08-30 Carrier Corp Method of assembling a ceramic lined water heater
US3397440A (en) * 1965-09-30 1968-08-20 Dalin David Method of making heat exchanger having extended surface
US3545945A (en) * 1968-02-26 1970-12-08 Nickel Co Inc The Welding copper-nickel alloys
FR2082814A5 (en) * 1970-03-27 1971-12-10 Showa Aluminium Co Ltd Aluminium heat exchanger panel prodn
US3650005A (en) * 1970-03-19 1972-03-21 Showa Aluminium Co Ltd Method for producing tube in sheets
US3960208A (en) * 1974-02-04 1976-06-01 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for providing heat transfer with resistance to erosion-corrosion in aqueous environment
US4209059A (en) * 1978-12-11 1980-06-24 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Crevice-corrosion resistant aluminum radiator triclad composite
US4674566A (en) * 1985-02-14 1987-06-23 Olin Corporation Corrosion resistant modified Cu-Zn alloy for heat exchanger tubes
US4727935A (en) * 1985-05-13 1988-03-01 Laitram Corporation Heat exchanger and method for making same
US4735868A (en) * 1986-05-27 1988-04-05 Olin Corporation Composites having improved resistance to stress relaxation
US4799973A (en) * 1984-04-02 1989-01-24 Olin Corporation Process for treating copper-nickel alloys for use in brazed assemblies and product
US5014774A (en) * 1989-06-02 1991-05-14 General Motors Corporation Biocidal coated air conditioning evaporator
US5242657A (en) * 1992-07-02 1993-09-07 Waukesha Foundry, Inc. Lead-free corrosion resistant copper-nickel alloy
US5413756A (en) * 1994-06-17 1995-05-09 Magnolia Metal Corporation Lead-free bearing bronze
US5943772A (en) * 1997-08-19 1999-08-31 Brazeway, Inc. Method of cladding tubing and manufacturing condensor cores
ES2145660A1 (en) * 1996-11-18 2000-07-01 Valeo Termico Sa Copper radiator and process for improving the corrosion resistance of a copper radiator
US6192977B1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-02-27 Valeo Thermique Moteur Tube for heat exchanger
US6277499B1 (en) * 1992-04-23 2001-08-21 United Technologies Corporation Oxidation resistant coatings for copper
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WO2008011115A3 (en) * 2006-07-20 2008-10-23 Modine Mfg Co Flat tube for heat exchanger
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US20090283250A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Beringer Durwood M High strength and high thermal conductivity heat transfer apparatus
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US20110005738A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2011-01-13 Modine Manufacturing Company Soldered flat tube for condensers and/or evaporators
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EP1158260A4 (en) * 1999-02-26 2002-09-25 Zexel Valeo Climate Contr Corp Heat exchanger, method of manufacturing the heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing tube for heat exchange
US6192977B1 (en) * 1999-09-29 2001-02-27 Valeo Thermique Moteur Tube for heat exchanger
US20050121179A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2005-06-09 Kazuhiro Shibagaki Exhaust gas heat exchanger
US20060225872A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2006-10-12 Kazuhiro Shibagaki Exhaust gas heat exchanger
US7204302B2 (en) * 2001-07-16 2007-04-17 Denso Corporation Exhaust gas heat exchanger
US7152671B2 (en) 2001-07-16 2006-12-26 Denso Corporation Exhaust gas heat exchanger
US20030010480A1 (en) * 2001-07-16 2003-01-16 Kazuhiro Shibagaki Exhaust gas heat exchanger
JP2003028586A (en) * 2001-07-16 2003-01-29 Denso Corp Exhaust-gas heat exchanger
US6725911B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2004-04-27 Gas Research Institute Corrosion resistance treatment of condensing heat exchanger steel structures exposed to a combustion environment
US20060219398A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2006-10-05 Yoshihisa Eto Heat exchanger
US7895749B2 (en) 2003-02-19 2011-03-01 Valeo Thermal Systems Japan Corporation Method of manufacturing heat exchanger
US20090188111A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2009-07-30 Yoshihisa Eto Heat exchanger
US20050006066A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2005-01-13 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat exchanger useful as charge-air cooler for commercial vehicles
US20070163762A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2007-07-19 Urs Studer Heat exchanger and installation for extracting heat from waste water
US8720533B2 (en) * 2004-04-30 2014-05-13 Lyonnaise Des Eaux Heat exchanger and installation for extracting heat from waste water
US20060102328A1 (en) * 2004-11-16 2006-05-18 Denso Corporation Aluminum heat exchanger and manufacturing method thereof
US20090014164A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2009-01-15 Werner Zobel Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same
US8726508B2 (en) * 2006-01-19 2014-05-20 Modine Manufacturing Company Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same
US20090019694A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2009-01-22 Werner Zobel Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same
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US20090019696A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2009-01-22 Werner Zobel Flat tube, flat tube heat exchanger, and method of manufacturing same
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US8434227B2 (en) 2006-01-19 2013-05-07 Modine Manufacturing Company Method of forming heat exchanger tubes
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US20110005738A1 (en) * 2006-11-22 2011-01-13 Modine Manufacturing Company Soldered flat tube for condensers and/or evaporators
US20100024508A1 (en) * 2007-02-01 2010-02-04 Frank Opferkuch Tubes and method and apparatus for producing tubes
US8561451B2 (en) 2007-02-01 2013-10-22 Modine Manufacturing Company Tubes and method and apparatus for producing tubes
WO2009073003A1 (en) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-11 Birgir Nilsen Apparatus and method for ballast water treatment
US20090283250A1 (en) * 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Beringer Durwood M High strength and high thermal conductivity heat transfer apparatus
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US9038267B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2015-05-26 Modine Manufacturing Company Method of separating heat exchanger tubes and an apparatus for same
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